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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic field pitch angle diagnostic using the motional Stark effect (invited) : Eighth topical conference on high—temperature plasma diagnostics (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 2914-2919 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Stark effect has been employed in a novel technique for obtaining the pitch angle profile and q(r) using polarimetry measurements of the Doppler shifted Hα emission from a hydrogen diagnostic neutral beam. As a neutral beam propagates through a plasma, collisions of the beam particles with the background ions and electrons will excite beam atoms, leading to emission of radiation. The motional Stark effect, which arises from the electric field induced in the atom's rest frame due to the beam motion across the magnetic field (E=Vbeam×B), causes a wavelength splitting of several angstroms and polarization of the emitted radiation. The Δm=±1 transitions, or σ components, from the beam fluorescence are linearly polarized parallel to the direction of the local magnetic field when viewed transverse to the fields. Since the hydrogen beam provides good spatial localization and penetration, the pitch angle can be obtained anywhere in the plasma. A photoelastic modulator (PEM) is used to modulate the linearly polarized light. Depending on the orientation of the PEM, it can measure the sine or cosine of the angle of polarization. Two PEM's are used to measure both components simultaneously. Results of q(r) for both Ohmic and NBI heated discharges have been obtained in the Princeton Beta Experiment (PBX-M) tokamak, with an uncertainty of ∼6% for q(0).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141776
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutral probe beam q-profile measurements in PDX and PBX-M (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1635-1637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Using the fast ion diagnostic experiment technique, a neutral probe beam (NPB) can be aimed to inject tangent to a magnetic surface. The resultant ion orbit shifts, due to conservation of canonical toroidal angular momentum, can be measured with a multi-sight-line charge exchange analyzer to yield direct measurements of radial magnetic flux profiles, current-density profiles, the radial position of the magnetic axis, flux surface inner and outer edges, q profiles, and central-q time dependencies. An extensive error analysis was performed on previous PDX q measurements in circular plasmas and the resulting estimated contributions of various systematic effects are discussed. Preliminary results of fast ion orbit shift measurements at early times in indented PBX-M plasmas are given. Methods for increasing the absolute experimental precision of similar measurements in progress on PBX-M are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140169
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equilibrium q-profile determination and stability analysis from magnetic field pitch angle measurements using motional Stark effect polarimetry : Eighth topical conference on high—temperature plasma diagnostics (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 2932-2934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The motional Stark effect polarimetry technique has been used to measure the magnetic pitch angle in a variety of PBX-M plasma conditions. For high aspect ratio, circular plasmas, the q profile can be obtained directly from the γp profile using the cylindrical expression q(r)=(rBT/RBp). In strongly shaped PBX-M plasmas, the magnetic pitch angle data are used as an internal constraint on the plasma equilibrium calculated by solving the Grad–Shafranov equation, subject to external flux measurements. Thus, an accurate determination of q(r) depends upon detailed knowledge of the plasma equilibrium. Discussion of uncertainties in the equilibrium determination and their effect on q(r) will be presented. The equilibrium solutions using the pitch angle data are required for MHD stability calculations, which are being used to investigate the relationship between internal kink modes and plasma shape.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141780
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of plasma shape and performance of the PBX-M tokamak experiment in high-βt /high-βp regimes (1990)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 1271-1279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The highly indented plasmas of the PBX-M tokamak experiment [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research (IAEA, Vienna, 1989), Vol. 1, p. 97] have reached plasma regimes of both high volume-averaged beta (βt), and high-beta poloidal (βp), and show evidence of the suppression of external surface modes by the passive stabilizing system. Values of βt up to 4.0 I/aB (% MA/m T) with Ti(0)≈4 keV have been obtained. A magnetohydrodynamic analysis of plasmas with βp=2.0 indicates that these plasmas are near the threshold of the second stability regime. A value of βt of 6.8% has been reached with Ti(0)〉5 keV and an indentation of 28%. Control of plasma shape is accomplished with a feedback system that uses a moment expansion about a single equilibrium and is augmented by time-dependent waveforms to redefine plasma shape. Diagnostics to measure the safety factor q have been developed and used to make accurate measurements of q(r) and to verify changes made in q(0).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859542
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of Covalent and Noncovalent Interactions in Cell Toxicity: Effects on Proteins (1992)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 32 (1992), S. 471-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pa.32.040192.002351
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Four Temperature Regimens on the Gibberellin Content of Winter Wheat cv. Kharkov (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 30 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Kharkov 22 M.C. winter wheat was grown continuously from seed under four temperature regimens; 2°C; 2°C then transferred to 20°C; 6°C, and 20°C. Plants were harvested at the 4-leaf stage (except the 2°C plants which were harvested at the 3-leaf stage) and the levels of endogenous gibberellins (GAs) were measured and their cold hardiness determined. The GA content of 20°C and the 6°C seedlings were about equal and greater (by 4- to 30-fold) than the GA content of 2°C seedlings that had been transferred to 20°C (i.e. vernalized). The GA content of the 2°C seedlings was least of all, being 28- to 320-fold less than the 20°C seedlings. At harvest the leaves of the 20°C seedlings were somewhat larger than those of the seedlings grown at 2°C and transferred to 20°C. The leaves of the 6°C seedlings were very much smaller and the leaves of the 2°C seedlings were smallest of all.It is concluded that while GAs may play a role in controlling leaf size and level of cold hardiness of wheat, they are not the most important factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1974.tb04991.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Status of biocontrol in medical entomology (1978)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 276 (1978), S. 669-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] OVER the past two decades, there have been major and continuing advances towards practical biological control of arthropod vectors of disease. Until the late 1950s, biocontrol in medical entomology meant little more than the (sometimes ecologically irresponsible) use of larvivorous fish-primarily ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/276669b0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A procedure for preservation of the mosquito pathogen Culicinomyces clavisporus (1987)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 26 (1987), S. 186-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary An effective storage procedure has been demonstrated for the mosquito pathogen Culicinomyces clavisporus. A mycelial preparation was harvested by filtration, sprayed with a sucrose solution and air dried at 20°C in a laminar flow cabinet until the mycelial mat became crisp. This material was then ground in a hammer mill and particles of less than 355 μm were sieved out. Viability of the particles was assessed by studying mycelial growth and conidial formation when particles were added to water agar plates or to water. The particles retained 100% viability after 9 weeks storage at-20°C or 6 days at 4°C. Preparations lost activity rapidly if stored at 20°C. Conidia produced by this method were pathogenic to mosquito larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253906
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between serum and adipose tissue levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in 50 persons from Missouri (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 17 (1988), S. 139-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Paired human serum and adipose tissue samples were analyzed from 50 persons for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). On a lipid weight basis, the range of values in adipose tissue spanned approximately 2.5 orders of magnitude, from 3.3 to 969 parts per trillion (ppt). After adjusting the adipose tissue 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels for total lipid content and the serum 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels for total lipid content, the mean of the partitioning ratio of adipose tissue to serum 2,3,7,8-TCDD was 1.09 (standard deviation = 0.385, standard error = 0.060). On this same total lipid weight basis, the adipose tissue and serum levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD were highly correlated, r = 0.98. The high correlation between adipose tissue and serum 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels in this study indicates that serum 2,3,7,8-TCDD is a valid measurement of 2,3,7,8-TCDD body burden concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01056017
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium-regulated appressorium formation of the entomopathogenic fungusZoophthora radicans (1991)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 160 (1991), S. 77-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Calcium ; Calmodulin ; Appressorium formation ; Zoophthora radicans ; Entomopathogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The fungusZoophthora radicans (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) requires external Ca2+ for appressorium formation but not for conidial germination. The number of appressoria formed depends on the Ca2+ concentration of the medium. At low [Ca2+] (100 pM) nuclear division and germ tube growth are significantly reduced compared to higher Ca2+ concentrations (10 and 1,000 μM). By contrast, neither external K+ nor external Cl− is needed for germination or appressorium formation. Treatment of conidia with a Ca2+-antagonist, Nd3+, and a Ca2+-channel blocker, nifedipine, inhibits appressorium formation, showing that a Ca2+ influx is required for appressorium formation. Furthermore, the partial yet saturating inhibition by nifedipine and complete inhibition by Nd3+ indicates that at least two kinds of Ca2+ channels are involved in appressorium formation. A contribution of intracellular Ca2+ to the signal transduction chain for the formation of appressoria is demonstrated by the inhibitory effect of the intracellular Ca2+ antagonist TMB-8. The calmodulin antagonists R24571, TFP, W-7, and W-5 inhibit appressorium formation at concentrations which have no effect on germination. The data presented in this paper are consistent with the hypothesis that a Ca2+/calmodulin system is involved in regulating appressorium formation. However, since the direct effects of the drugs were not specifically tested on their proposed binding sites, we leave room for alternative hypotheses that have yet to be formulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01539959
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