ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

Electronic Resource

Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide increases soil carbon (2005)

JASTROW, JULIE D. ; MICHAEL MILLER, R. ; MATAMALA, ROSER ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Global change biology 11 (2005), S. 0

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1365-2486

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography

Notes: The general lack of significant changes in mineral soil C stocks during CO2-enrichment experiments has cast doubt on predictions that increased soil C can partially offset rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Here, we show, through meta-analysis techniques, that these experiments collectively exhibited a 5.6% increase in soil C over 2–9 years, at a median rate of 19 g C m−2 yr−1. We also measured C accrual in deciduous forest and grassland soils, at rates exceeding 40 g C m−2 yr−1 for 5–8 years, because both systems responded to CO2 enrichment with large increases in root production. Even though native C stocks were relatively large, over half of the accrued C at both sites was incorporated into microaggregates, which protect C and increase its longevity. Our data, in combination with the meta-analysis, demonstrate the potential for mineral soils in diverse temperate ecosystems to store additional C in response to CO2 enrichment.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01077.x

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

2

Electronic Resource

The effect of suppression treatments on the uptake of 15N by intercropped corn from labeled alfalfa (Medicago sativa) (1993)

Jordan, Diann ; Rice, Charles W. ; Tiedje, James M.

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 16 (1993), S. 221-226

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Legume suppression ; Microbial pool ; 15N transformations ; Intercropped corn ; Alfalfa ; Medicago sativa

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract In greenhouse experiments, we examined the N transferred to intercropped corn from 15N-labeled alfalfa shoot residue and intact roots in an undisturbed soil system in response to two different suppression treatments and complete killing of alfalfa. The alfalfa treatments included complete killing (glyphosate only), glyphosate injury + cutting, and cutting only, with alfalfa shoot residue returned to the soil surface in all three treatments. Corn was planted in each pot following application of the treatments. When alfalfa was suppressed by glyphosate injury + cutting, corn had recovered 12% of the alfalfa N by 8 weeks of growth, but with cutting only, N recovery by corn was reduced to 4.0%. The completekill treatment resulted in 8% recovery by corn of alfalfa N. In all treatments, most of the alfalfa-N remained in the soil organic pool. A second experiment tested a cutting only treatment with 15N-labeled alfalfa residue returned to the soil surface. The 15N-labeled alfalfa residue contributed 4.1% of N to corn during the 8-week growth cycle. Twice as much 15N was found in the active microbial biomass pool in the two treatments with live intereropped plants compared to the monoculture treatments with complete killing (non-intercropped) and the control treatment of alfalfa regrowth only. An analysis of the change in the 15N content of the undisturbed alfalfa roots from just before the suppression until 8 weeks later suggested that approximately 80% of the root 15N was lost from the plant suppressed by cutting. This corresponds to 28% of the total N released from the alfalfa. The results suggest that the degree of legume suppression was a key factor in the availability of legume N to the second crop. When the two species were intercropped, more of the N available from legume residues went to plant uptake and microbial biomass and was not stabilized as quickly in the soil organic pool. Appropriate management schemes must be designed to increase N availability to the second crop without yield reduction. These studies suggest severe suppression is necessary; if successful, more of the N can be maintained in active pools.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361412

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

3

Electronic Resource

A factor analysis of the economies of the seventeen western states (1969)

Lawson, Robert D. ; Rice, Charles W.

Springer

The annals of regional science 3 (1969), S. 211-220

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1432-0592

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography , Economics

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01324691

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

4

Electronic Resource

Rational nitrogen fertilization in intensive cropping systems (1995)

Rice, Charles W. ; Havlin, John L. ; Schepers, James S.

Springer

Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 42 (1995), S. 89-97

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1573-0867

Keywords: N mineralization ; N use efficiency

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract The objective of a rational N fertilization program is to account for the sources and fate of N while estimating crop N needs. Efficiency of N use will vary with cropping systems and N sources. Management technologies that affect N use efficiency include the amount of N applied, timing and placement of N fertilizer, and use of inhibitors. One of the main problems in making a fertilizer N recommendation is to account for the contribution of N mineralization to plant available N. Most laboratory procedures do not account for the environmental factors that affect N mineralization and only estimate the size of the mineralizable N pool. However, changes in soil moisture and temperature can dramatically affect the amount and rate of release of mineralized N. Field and modeling techniques are two possible techniques to estimate N mineralization. Field techniques can be divided into soil and plant approaches. Soil incubations in the field provide a quantitative approach while soil nitrate tests during the growing season provide a qualitative approach to estimating N mineralization. The plant is the ultimate integrator of N mineralization. Plant N uptake by an unfertilized crop can provide a quantitative approach with certain precautions. This approach may be costly, labor intensive, and site specific. Crop N uptake during the growing season can be estimated by measuring the tissue N content or using a chlorophyll meter. The chlorophyll meter measures the greenness of the plant and has been shown to be positively correlated to plant N status. Modeling may provide another option by including the factors that affect the rate of N mineralization from a known pool. The two most important variables include soil moisture and temperature. Realistic yield expectations and accounting for existing and projected amounts of available N can improve the accuracy of N recommendations.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750502

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

5

Electronic Resource

Soil microbial response in tallgrass prairie to elevated CO2 (1994)

Rice, Charles W. ; Garcia, Fernando O. ; Hampton, Colleen O. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant and soil 165 (1994), S. 67-74

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: microbial activity ; N availability ; soil organic matter

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Terrestrial responses to increasing atmospheric CO2 are important to the global carbon budget. Increased plant production under elevated CO2 is expected to increase soil C which may induce N limitations. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of increased CO2 on 1) the amount of carbon and nitrogen stored in soil organic matter and microbial biomass and 2) soil microbial activity. A tallgrass prairie ecosystem was exposed to ambient and twice-ambient CO2 concentrations in open-top chambers in the field from 1989 to 1992 and compared to unchambered ambient CO2 during the entire growing season. During 1990 and 1991, N fertilizer was included as a treatment. The soil microbial response to CO2 was measured during 1991 and 1992. Soil organic C and N were not significantly affected by enriched atmospheric CO2. The response of microbial biomass to CO2 enrichment was dependent upon soil water conditions. In 1991, a dry year, CO2 enrichment significantly increased microbial biomass C and N. In 1992, a wet year, microbial biomass C and N were unaffected by the CO2 treatments. Added N increased microbial C and N under CO2 enrichment. Microbial activity was consistently greater under CO2 enrichment because of better soil water conditions. Added N stimulated microbial activity under CO2 enrichment. Increased microbial N with CO2 enrichment may indicate plant production could be limited by N availability. The soil system also could compensate for the limited N by increasing the labile pool to support increased plant production with elevated atmospheric CO2. Longer-term studies are needed to determine how tallgrass prairie will respond to increased C input.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009963

Permalink

	Location	Call Number	Expected	Availability

Others were also interested in ...

Paper (German National Licenses)

Fulltext

6

Electronic Resource

Carbon dynamics and microbial activity in tallgrass prairie exposed to elevated CO2 for 8 years (2000)

Williams, Mark A. ; Rice, Charles W. ; Owensby, Clenton E.

Springer

Plant and soil 227 (2000), S. 127-137

add to mindlist on the mindlist

Details

ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: elevated CO2 ; microbial activity ; microbial biomass ; soil water ; soil C and N

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Alterations in microbial mineralization and nutrient cycling may control the long-term response of ecosystems to elevated CO2. Because micro-organisms constitute a labile fraction of potentially available N and are regulators of decomposition, an understanding of microbial activity and microbial biomass is crucial. Tallgrass prairie was exposed to twice ambient CO2 for 8 years beginning in 1989. Starting in 1991 and ending in 1996, soil samples from 0 to 5 and 5 to 15 cm depths were taken for measurement of microbial biomass C and N, total C and N, microbial activity, inorganic N and soil water content. Because of increased water-use-efficiency by plants, soil water content was consistently and significantly greater in elevated CO2 compared to ambient treatments. Soil microbial biomass C and N tended to be greater under elevated CO2 than ambient CO2 in the 5–15 cm depth during most years, and in the month of October, when analyzed over the entire study period. Microbial activity was significantly greater at both depths in elevated CO2 than ambient conditions for most years. During dry periods, the greater water content of the surface 5 cm soil in the elevated CO2 treatments increased microbial activity relative to the ambient CO2 conditions. The increase in microbial activity under elevated CO2 in the 5–15 cm layer was not correlated with differences in soil water contents, but may have been related to increases in soil C inputs from enhanced root growth and possibly greater root exudation. Total soil C and N in the surface 15 cm were, after 8 years, significantly greater under elevated CO2 than ambient CO2. Our results suggest that decomposition is enhanced under elevated CO2 compared with ambient CO2, but that inputs of C are greater than the decomposition rates. Soil C sequestration in tallgrass prairie and other drought-prone grassland systems is, therefore, considered plausible as atmospheric CO2 increases.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026590001307

Permalink