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  • 1
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    Selective microRNA uridylation by Zcchc6 (TUT7) and Zcchc11 (TUT4) (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-10
    Description: Recent small RNA sequencing data has uncovered 3' end modification of mature microRNAs (miRNAs). This non-templated nucleotide addition can impact miRNA gene regulatory networks through the control of miRNA stability or by interfering with the repression of target mRNAs. The miRNA modifying enzymes responsible for this regulation remain largely uncharacterized. Here we describe the ability for two related terminal uridyl transferases (TUTases), Zcchc6 (TUT7) and Zcchc11 (TUT4), to 3' mono-uridylate a specific subset of miRNAs involved in cell differentiation and Homeobox (Hox) gene control. Zcchc6/11 selectively uridylates these miRNAs in vitro , and we biochemically define a bipartite sequence motif that is necessary and sufficient to confer Zcchc6/11 catalyzed uridylation. Depletion of these TUTases in cultured cells causes the selective loss of 3' mono-uridylation of many of the same miRNAs. Upon TUTase-dependent loss of uridylation, we observe a concomitant increase in non-templated 3' mono-adenylation. Furthermore, TUTase inhibition in Zebrafish embryos causes developmental defects and aberrant Hox expression. Our results uncover the molecular basis for selective miRNA mono-uridylation by Zcchc6/11, highlight the precise control of different 3' miRNA modifications in cells and have implications for miRNA and Hox gene regulation during development.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    EZH2 oncogenic activity in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells is Polycomb-independent (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-15
    Description: Epigenetic regulators represent a promising new class of therapeutic targets for cancer. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), silences gene expression via its histone methyltransferase activity. We found that the oncogenic function of EZH2 in cells of castration-resistant prostate cancer is independent of its role as a transcriptional repressor. Instead, it involves the ability of EZH2 to act as a coactivator for critical transcription factors including the androgen receptor. This functional switch is dependent on phosphorylation of EZH2 and requires an intact methyltransferase domain. Hence, targeting the non-PRC2 function of EZH2 may have therapeutic efficacy for treating metastatic, hormone-refractory prostate cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625962/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3625962/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Kexin -- Wu, Zhenhua Jeremy -- Groner, Anna C -- He, Housheng Hansen -- Cai, Changmeng -- Lis, Rosina T -- Wu, Xiaoqiu -- Stack, Edward C -- Loda, Massimo -- Liu, Tao -- Xu, Han -- Cato, Laura -- Thornton, James E -- Gregory, Richard I -- Morrissey, Colm -- Vessella, Robert L -- Montironi, Rodolfo -- Magi-Galluzzi, Cristina -- Kantoff, Philip W -- Balk, Steven P -- Liu, X Shirley -- Brown, Myles -- CA090381/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA097186/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA111803/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA131945/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA166507/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA85859/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA89021/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA90381/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM99409/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K99 CA166507/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA090381/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM099409/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Dec 14;338(6113):1465-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1227604.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23239736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Castration ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cohort Studies ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/metabolism ; Male ; Methyltransferases/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Mice, SCID ; Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2/genetics/*metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism/mortality ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Androgen/metabolism ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    A role for the Perlman syndrome exonuclease Dis3l2 in the Lin28-let-7 pathway (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-19
    Description: The pluripotency factor Lin28 blocks the expression of let-7 microRNAs in undifferentiated cells during development, and functions as an oncogene in a subset of cancers. Lin28 binds to let-7 precursor (pre-let-7) RNAs and recruits 3' terminal uridylyl transferases to selectively inhibit let-7 biogenesis. Uridylated pre-let-7 is refractory to processing by Dicer, and is rapidly degraded by an unknown RNase. Here we identify Dis3l2 as the 3'-5' exonuclease responsible for the decay of uridylated pre-let-7 in mouse embryonic stem cells. Biochemical reconstitution assays show that 3' oligouridylation stimulates Dis3l2 activity in vitro, and knockdown of Dis3l2 in mouse embryonic stem cells leads to the stabilization of pre-let-7. Our study establishes 3' oligouridylation as an RNA decay signal for Dis3l2, and identifies the first physiological RNA substrate of this new exonuclease, which is mutated in the Perlman syndrome of fetal overgrowth and causes a predisposition to Wilms' tumour development.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3651781/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3651781/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, Hao-Ming -- Triboulet, Robinson -- Thornton, James E -- Gregory, Richard I -- R01 GM086386/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM086386/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 May 9;497(7448):244-8. doi: 10.1038/nature12119. Epub 2013 Apr 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23594738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Exonucleases/*metabolism ; Exoribonucleases/*metabolism ; Fetal Macrosomia/*enzymology/*genetics/metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Precursors/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; *RNA Stability ; RNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Ribonucleases/*metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Uridine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Wilms Tumor/*enzymology/etiology/*genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Selective blockade of microRNA processing by Lin28 (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-23
    Description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in development, and dysregulation of miRNA expression has been observed in human malignancies. Recent evidence suggests that the processing of several primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) is blocked posttranscriptionally in embryonic stem cells, embryonal carcinoma cells, and primary tumors. Here we show that Lin28, a developmentally regulated RNA binding protein, selectively blocks the processing of pri-let-7 miRNAs in embryonic cells. Using in vitro and in vivo studies, we found that Lin28 is necessary and sufficient for blocking Microprocessor-mediated cleavage of pri-let-7 miRNAs. Our results identify Lin28 as a negative regulator of miRNA biogenesis and suggest that Lin28 may play a central role in blocking miRNA-mediated differentiation in stem cells and in certain cancers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3368499/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3368499/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Viswanathan, Srinivas R -- Daley, George Q -- Gregory, Richard I -- DK70055/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000256/OD/NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):97-100. doi: 10.1126/science.1154040. Epub 2008 Feb 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stem Cell Program, Children's Hospital Boston, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18292307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma, Embryonal ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cellular Reprogramming ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/*metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; RNA Interference ; *RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Ribonuclease III/metabolism ; Transfection ; Up-Regulation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Analysis of chromatin in limited numbers of cells: a PCR-SSCP based assay of allele-specific nuclease sensitivity (1999)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Reconstitution of human RNA interference in budding yeast (2011)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2011-01-19
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    A small molecule screen to identify regulators of let-7 targets (2017)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2017-11-21
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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