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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotypic lipoxygenase variation in soybean seeds and response to nitrogen nutrition (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 114 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Decreasing the lipoxygenase content of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seed is a prerequisite for its increased use in human foods. These investigations aim to analyse the variation of lipoxygenase contents in relation to the genotype or the nitrogen nutrition of the plant. Four genotypes from a divergent selection for N2 fixation and the recurrent parent, Weber, were grown in pots, and two Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains (G.49 and SMGS1) were used. Dinitrogen fixation was estimated in situ using the acetylene–reduction assay. The lipoxygenase activity was determined polarographically on seeds taken from plants grown under controlled conditions in the presence or absence of symbiotic N2 fixation. The large genotypic variation observed for the lipoxygenase contents was enhanced by high N2 fixation. The variation range of lipoxygenase contents, which was obtained through the combination of the genotypic variation and the N2 fixation activity, was relatively large with a ratio of 2 on a seed dry–weight basis and a ratio of 2.6 when the total proteins were considered. Decreased lipoxygenase content and increased total protein content can thus be considered in parallel in a genetic context, together with more efficient N2 fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1995.tb01240.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of two extraction procedures for urinary organic acids prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 577 (1992), S. 341-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-4347(92)80256-P
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of D-genome chromosomes in photosynthesis expression in wheats (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1985), S. 443-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum ; D-genome ; Photosynthesis ; Flag leaves ; Irradiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The role of D-genome chromosomes in the expression of net photosynthesis in wheats was analysed with the nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic lines of the bread wheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’. The two arms of chromosome 3 D and the short arm of chromosome 6 D control major mechanisms of photosynthesis. The effect of chromosome 6 D can be thoroughly compensated by that of its homoeologues of genomes A or B, contrary to what can be observed for chromosome 3 D. Chromosome 7 D is responsible for the low photosynthesis of flag leaves developed under high irradiances in genotypes possessing the D-genome, as the likely result of ontogeny or of a loss in adaptability to irradiance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00570915
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Divergent selection for dinitrogen fixation and yield in soybean (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 83 (1992), S. 543-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Dinitrogen fixation ; Yield ; Soybean ; Heritability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Nitrogen fixation is generally considered to be a major parameter of productivity in soybean (Glycine max). The aim of the investigations reported here was to analyse the genetic behaviour of this trait in view of its possible use as an indirect criterion of selection for productivity. Divergent selection for nitrogen fixation rate was carried out on F2 populations obtained from crosses between high-yielding cultivars that are well adapted to French climatic conditions. The genetic component of nitrogen fixation and yield was isolated through the analysis of (1) the nitrogen fixation potentials of the genotypes under controlled conditions and (2) the field yields under favourable conditions. Divergent selection resulted in two groups of genotypes whose nitrogen fixation abilities are significantly different. The F6 filial progeny obtained by single seed descent from the two groups displayed significantly different abilities for nitrogen fixation and for field productivity. The gain achieved for the nitrogen fixation activity with respect to the mean value of the parents ranged from 20% to 33% for the positive selection, depending on the crosses. The occurrence of positive and significant correlations between the level of nitrogen fixation activity in F2 plants and N2 fixation or yield in the F6 generation corroborates the relatively high heritability of this trait and suggests its possible use as an indirect selection criterion for yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226897
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the D genome and of selection on photosynthesis in wheat (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 61 (1982), S. 359-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum ; D genome ; Photosynthesis ; Transpiration ; Water use efficiency ; Wheat evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Photosynthesis and transpiration in wheats and in their progenitors were analyzed in relation to their genome, ploidy and selection. The values of these parameters markedly depend on a specific effect of the D genome and on leaf enlargement in the course of evolution in wheats. Leaf enlargement has had a marked effect on photosynthesis in the genotypes that are devoid of the D genome; in addition, their photosynthetic capacity is greater in forms with lower leaf area. The increase in the mesophyll resistance rm to CO2 transfer is in relation to the increase in leaf area and is mainly responsible for the decrease in photosynthesis rate. Owing to its stomatal regulation, Triticum aestivum L. is characterized by good water use efficiency in spite of its large leaves and of its low net photosynthesis. On the basis of the photosynthesis rate, the “large leaf factor does not appear to be a good selection criterion for the Triticum durum genotypes that are devoid of the D genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272857
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological responses of six bread wheat and durum wheat genotypes to water stress (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 757-767 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Triticum durum ; durum wheat ; water stress ; photosynthesis ; stomatal resistance ; leaf water potential ; water efficiency ; breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The responses of six wheat genotypes to water stress were analysed. Soil moisture (H), leaf water potential (Ψw), photosynthesis (PN), stomatal resistance (rs) and transpiration (T) were measured during a water stress. The genotypes investigated differed in their stress avoidance (Ψw-H relationship) and their stress tolerance (PN-Ψw and rs-Ψw relationships). The most important differences observed concern the mechanisms of tolerance at low leaf water potential: two varieties, Haurani 27 and Baalback, can then maintain a high photosynthetic activity. These observations are in agreement with the drought resistance characteristics already known for these genotypes. Possible applications to wheat breeding are considered
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021902
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorophyll fluorescence transient as a genetic marker of productivity in barley (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 42 (1989), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; photosynthesis ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; economic yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The photosynthetic characteristics of the penultimate leaf in barley genotypes (reciprocal F1 combinations and varieties) were studied at the flowering stage in order to analyze the relationship between these traits and the biological yield and the economic yield. The biological yield was correlated with the leaf area whereas the economic yield was more dependent on the green area duration of the leaf or the combination of the two factors, leaf area and green area duration. The net photosynthesis per unit leaf area, determined at anthesis, was not a factor of productivity. On the other hand, the chlorophyll fluorescence (P), which was negatively correlated with the leaf area (+0.5) and with the combination of leaf area and green area duration (+0.5), was found to be a good marker of the economic yield. In view of its high heritability, it may provide an effective selection criterion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00034464
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool in soybean improvement for N2 fixation efficiency (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 45 (1990), S. 43-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Glycine max ; soybean ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; N2 fixation ; Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; host genotype-rhizobial strain interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Chlorophyll fluorescence, and more particularly the fluorescence decrease ratio (Rfd) which indicates the potential photosynthetic activity of the leaf is highly correlated with the plant nitrogen fixation activity, at stage R2 (onset of flowering), under controlled growth conditions, using nutrient solutions where mineral nitrogen supply is decreasing. The Rfd value affords the analysis of the efficiency of the nitrogen fixation related to the host plant and the rhizobial strain, and the characterization of the best strain-genotype pairs. The rapidity of the measurement together with the availability of portable fluorescence determination systems make possible an application to soybean improvement for increased nitrogen fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032149
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of chromosome 3A in stomatal resistance of winter wheat (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 62 (1992), S. 59-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; stomatal resistance ; chromosome 3A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Leaf stomatal resistance, through transpiration and photosynthesis control, constitutes a major factor of productivity and adaptation in wheat. The aim of the investigations reported here was to identify chromosomal effects on the expression of the maximum stomatal resistance, determined under optimum conditions of irradiance and water supply. Leaf stomatal resistance was measured, on wheat grown in pots under natural and well-watered conditions, using a LI-COR LI-6200 portable photosynthesis system under a saturating light〉1400 μmol m-1 s-2. Reciprocal sets of chromosome substitution lines between two hard red winter wheat cultivars, Wichita and Cheyenne, were used to identify the chromosomes involved in the expression of this trait. The two parental cultivars were significantly different for the parameter investigated. Chromosome 3A appeared to be involved in the expression of the stomatal resistance value under optimum conditions. Taking into account the relationships previously established between this parameter and some agronomic traits, chromosome 3A might be involved directly in productivity-determining processes or in the adaptation to water conditions, in wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036088
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf water characteristics and drought acclimation in sunflower genotypes (2000)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 223 (2000), S. 155-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: drought acclimation ; Helianthus annuus L. ; photosynthesis ; pressure-volume curves ; water relations ; water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The responses of leaf water parameters to drought were examined using three sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes. Osmotic potential at full water saturation (π100), apoplastic water fraction (AWF) and bulk elastic modulus (BEM) were determined by pressure-volume curve analysis on well watered or on water-stressed plants (−1.0 MPa Ψ1 〈 −1.5 MPa) previously drought-pretreated or not. The drought-pretreated plants were subjected to a 7-day drought period (predawn leaf water potential reached −0.9 MPa) followed by 8 days of rewatering. In well watered plants, all genotypes in response to drought acclimation displayed a significantly decreased π100 associated with a decrease in the leaf water potential at the turgor-loss point (decrease in Ψtlp was between 0.15 and 0.21 MPa, depending on the genotype). In two genotypes, drought acclimation affected the partitioning of water between the apoplastic and symplastic fractions without any effect on the total amount of water in the leaves. As a third genotype displayed no modification of AWF and BEM after drought acclimation, the decreased π100 was only due to the net accumulation of solutes and was consistent with the adjustment of the photochemical efficiency observed previously in this genotype in response to drought acclimation. In water-stressed plants, the osmotic adjustment (OA) can increase further beyond that observed in response to the drought pretreatment. However, the maintenance of photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance at low leaf water potentials not only depends on the extent of osmotic adjustment, but also on the interaction between OA and AWF or BEM. Adaptative responses of leaf water parameters to drought are thus quite contrasted in sunflower genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004849509673
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