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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of bacteria in decomposition of faecal pellets egested by the epiphyte-grazing gastropod Gibbula umbilicaris (1986)
    Springer
    Marine biology 92 (1986), S. 417-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The significance of the microheterotrophic utilization of faecal pellets derived from Gibbula umbilicaris — one of the most important gastropod species in the Posidonia oceanica ecosystem around the Isle of Ischia (Italy) — was investigated by means of microcosm-experiments. Initial total organic carbon (TOC) content of faecal pellets was 32 μgC (mg faeces dry wt)-1 and declined continuously over a 2-month incubation period. The low values of TOC coincided with SEM observations of pellets which were found to consist mainly of diatom frustules and other slowly utilizable material. In a long-term experiment freshly egested faecal pellets were rapidly colonized by bacteria, which reached densities of up to 14x105 cells (mg faeces dry wt)-1 within 12 h. Thereafter bacterial numbers declined and fluctuated in a very narrow range between 2 and 3.5x105 cells (mg faeces dry wt)-1 during the two months of the investigation period. In short-term experiments (over 5 d) similar trends were observed. Peak densities of attached bacteria were followed by a decline of this population. Concurrently the number of free-living bacteria increased. This observation was confirmed by O2 consumption measurements of freshly egested faecal pellets over 24 h, where the highest O2 consumption rates were obtained after 12 h, followed by a rapid decline, thus supporting the view that detachment of bacteria may occur. Moreover, the respiration data indicate that about 4% of faecal TOC are remineralized within the first day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392682
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diel, seasonal, and depth-related variability of viruses and dissolved DNA in the northern Adriatic Sea (1995)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 30 (1995), S. 25-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The depth-dependent, seasonal, and diel variability of virus numbers, dissolved DNA (D-DNA), and other microbial parameters was investigated in the northern Adriatic Sea. During periods of water stratification, we found higher virus abundances and virus/bacterium ratios (VBRs) as well as a larger variability of D-DNA concentrations at the thermocline, probably as a result of higher microbial biomass. At the two investigated stations, virus densities were highest in summer and autumn (up to 9.5 × 1010 1−1) and lowest in winter (〈 109 1−1); D-DNA concentrations were highest in summer and lowest in winter. The VBR as well as an estimated proportion of viral DNA on total D-DNA showed a strong seasonal variability. VBR averaged 15.0 (range, 0.9–89.1), and the percentage of viral DNA in total D-DNA averaged 18.3% (range, 0.1–96.1%). An estimation of the percentage of bacteria lysed by viruses, based on 2-h sample intervals in situ, ranged from 39.6 to 212.2% d−1 in 5 m and from 19.9 to 157.2% d−1 in 22 m. The estimated contribution of virus-mediated bacterial DNA release to the D-DNA pool ranged from 32.9 to 161% d−1 in 5 m and from 10.3 to 74.2% d−1 in 22 m. Multiple regression analysis and the diel dynamics of microbial parameters indicate that viral lysis occasionally could be more important in regulating bacterial abundances than grazing by heterotrophic nanoflagellates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184511
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  • 3
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    Diel, seasonal, and depth-related variability of viruses and dissolved DNA in the northern Adriatic Sea (1995)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0095-3628
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-184X
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
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    Role of bacteria in decomposition of faecal pellets egested by the epiphyte-grazing gastropod Gibbula umbilicaris (1986)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0025-3162
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1793
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
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    Assessing high altitude glacier thickness, volume and area changes using field, GIS and remote sensing techniques: the case of Nevado Coropuna (Peru) (2010)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-23
    Description: Higher temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns have induced an acute decrease in Andean glaciers, thus leading to additional stress on water supply. To adapt to climate changes, local governments need information on the rate of glacier area and volume losses and on current ice thickness. Remote sensing analyses of Coropuna glacier (Peru) delineate an acute glaciated area decline between 1955 and 2008. We tested how volume changes can be estimated with remote sensing and GIS techniques using digital elevation models derived from both topographic maps and satellite images. Ice thickness was measured in 2004 using a Ground Penetrating Radar coupled with a Ground Positioning System during a field expedition. It provided profiles of ice thickness on different slopes, orientations and altitudes. These were used to model the current glacier volume using Geographical Information System and statistical multiple regression techniques. The results revealed a significant glacier volume loss; however the uncertainty is higher than the measured volume loss. We also provided an estimate of the remaining volume. The field study provided the scientific evidence needed by COPASA, a local Peruvian NGO, and GTZ, the German international cooperation agency, in order to alert local governments and communities and guide them in adopting new climate change adaptation policies.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0416
    Electronic ISSN: 1994-0424
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 6
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    Assessing high altitude glacier volume change and remaining thickness using cost-efficient scientific techniques: the case of Nevado Coropuna (Peru) (2009)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-06
    Description: Higher temperature and change in precipitation patterns have induced an acute decrease in Andean glaciers, thus leading to an additional stress on water supply. To adapt to climate changes, local governments need information on the rate of glacier volume losses and on current ice thickness. We show how volume changes can be accurately estimated in remote areas using readily available low-cost digital elevation models derived from both topographic maps and satellite images. They were used for estimating the volume changes over the Coropuna glacier (Peru) from 1955 to 2002. Ice thickness was measured in 2004 using a georadar coupled with Ground Positioning System during a field expedition. It provided profiles of ice thickness on different slopes, orientations and altitudes. These were used to model the current glacier volume using Geographical Information System and statistical multiple regressions techniques. Computers were modified to resists to high altitude (6500 m) temperatures and low pressure conditions. The results delineated a significant glacier volume loss and provided an estimate of the remaining ice. It provided the scientific evidence needed by local Peruvian NGO, COPASA, and the German Cooperation Program in order to alert local governments and communities and for enforcing new climate change adaptation policies.
    Print ISSN: 1994-0432
    Electronic ISSN: 1994-0440
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 7
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    Assessing global exposure and vulnerability towards natural hazards: the Disaster Risk Index (2009)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-17
    Description: This paper presents a model of factors influencing levels of human losses from natural hazards at the global scale, for the period 1980–2000. This model was designed for the United Nations Development Programme as a building stone of the Disaster Risk Index (DRI), which aims at monitoring the evolution of risk. Assessing what countries are most at risk requires considering various types of hazards, such as droughts, floods, cyclones and earthquakes. Before assessing risk, these four hazards were modelled using GIS and overlaid with a model of population distribution in order to extract human exposure. Human vulnerability was measured by crossing exposure with selected socio-economic parameters. The model evaluates to what extent observed past losses are related to population exposure and vulnerability. Results reveal that human vulnerability is mostly linked with country development level and environmental quality. A classification of countries is provided, as well as recommendations on data improvement for future use of the model.
    Print ISSN: 1561-8633
    Electronic ISSN: 1684-9981
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 8
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    The PREVIEW Global Risk Data Platform: a geoportal to serve and share global data on risk to natural hazards (2011)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-05
    Description: With growing world population and concentration in urban and coastal areas, the exposure to natural hazards is increasing and results in higher risk of human and economic losses. Improving the identification of areas, population and assets potentially exposed to natural hazards is essential to reduce the consequences of such events. Disaster risk is a function of hazard, exposure and vulnerability. Modelling risk at the global level requires accessing and processing a large number of data, from numerous collaborating centres. These data need to be easily updated, and there is a need for centralizing access to this information as well as simplifying its use for non GIS specialists. The Hyogo Framework for Action provides the mandate for data sharing, so that governments and international development agencies can take appropriate decision for disaster risk reduction. Timely access and easy integration of geospatial data are essential to support efforts in Disaster Risk Reduction. However various issues in data availability, accessibility and integration limit the use of such data. In consequence, a framework that facilitate sharing and exchange of geospatial data on natural hazards should improve decision-making process. The PREVIEW Global Risk Data Platform is a highly interactive web-based GIS portal supported by a Spatial Data Infrastructure that offers free and interoperable access to more than 60 global data sets on nine types of natural hazards (tropical cyclones and related storm surges, drought, earthquakes, biomass fires, floods, landslides, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions) and related exposure and risk. This application portrays an easy-to-use online interactive mapping interface so that users can easily work with it and seamlessly integrate data in their own data flow using fully compliant OGC Web Services (OWS).
    Print ISSN: 1561-8633
    Electronic ISSN: 1684-9981
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 9
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    Landslides and vegetation cover in the 2005 North Pakistan earthquake: a GIS and statistical quantitative approach (2010)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-01
    Description: The growing concern for loss of services once provided by natural ecosystems is getting increasing attention. However, the accelerating rate of natural resources destruction calls for rapid and global action. With often very limited budgets, environmental agencies and NGOs need cost-efficient ways to quickly convince decision-makers that sound management of natural resources can help to protect human lives and their welfare. The methodology described in this paper, is based on geospatial and statistical analysis, involving simple Geographical Information System (GIS) and remote sensing algorithms. It is based on free or very low-cost data. It aims to scientifically assess the potential role of vegetation in mitigating landslides triggered by earthquakes by normalising for other factors such as slopes and distance from active fault. The methodology was applied to the 2005 North Pakistan/India earthquake which generated a large number of victims and hundreds of landslides. The study shows that if slopes and proximity from active fault are the main susceptibility factors for post landslides triggered by earthquakes in this area, the results clearly revealed that areas covered by denser vegetation suffered less and smaller landslides than areas with thinner (or devoid of) vegetation cover. Short distance from roads/trails and rivers also proved to be pertinent factors in increasing landslides susceptibility. This project is a component of a wider initiative involving the Global Resource Information Database Europe from the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the Institute of Geomatics and Risk Analysis from the University of Lausanne and the "institut universitaire d'études du développement" from the University of Geneva.
    Print ISSN: 1561-8633
    Electronic ISSN: 1684-9981
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 10
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    Global trends in tropical cyclone risk (2012)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-12
    Print ISSN: 1758-678X
    Electronic ISSN: 1758-6798
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer Nature
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