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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 352 (1991), S. 200-200 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR — We have described a mouse in vivo mutagenicity assay capable of detecting mutations at the Dlb-1 locus which encodes the Dolichos biflorus lectin receptor expressed in the epithelium of the small intestine1. In this intestinal mutagenicity test (IMT), clonal descendants of embryonal ...
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: growth factors ; SV40 T antigen ; hGH ; c-fos ; c-myc ; immortalized hepatocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A clonal hepatocyte line (FMH-202-2), derived from livers of fetal transgenic mice harbouring human growth hormone (hGH) and SV40 T antigen as transgenes, was used in the investigation of protooncogene expression involved in liver-specific growth control and/or in hepatocellular transformation. In this model system, representing an immortalized, yet untransformed phenotype, the transgenes hGH and SV40 T antigen were expressed constitutively. The c-fos protooncogene was induced by incubation with insulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) in a transient manner comparable to its expression in primary murine hepatocytes. Elucidation of second messenger mechanisms demonstrated that c-fos induction by hepatotrophic growth factors was not mediated by protein kinase C. In contrast to primary hepatocytes, the c-myc protooncogene exhibited a constitutive expression pattern which was independent of growth factor stimulation. These results indicate that apart from hGH and SV40 T antigen, c-myc may play a role in cellular immortalization, but that constitutive expression of these genes, even in combined coexpression, does not suffice to induce the transformed phenotype.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 249 (1997), S. 11-32 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper reports on polymer membranes characterized by a surface layer of hydroxyalkyl derivatives of cellulose. Water compatible polymers like hydroxyalkyl derivatives of cellulose are preferably those exhibiting good chemical stability and desired membrane characteristics. Normally, water-compatible polymers used in the coating solutions must be rendered water-insoluble after coating. By adapting crosslinking conditions on separation problems, the membranes are useful for many processes in the fields of biotechnology, food and chemical industry.The membranes presented here possess the advantage of being highly resistant to chemical and biological degradation and, hence, have long lifetimes under many process conditions.
    Notes: Es wird die Entwicklung hydrophiler Polymermembranen diskutiert, die nach Beschichtung mit Celluloseethern und anschließender Vernetzung auf den asymmetrischen Trägermembranen interessante Permeations- und Trenneigenschaften bei hervorragenden chemischen Stabilitäten, vor allem beim Membrantrennverfahren der Nanofiltration, aufzeigen. Weiterhin werden Aussagen zu den Gastrenneigenschaften der Celluloseetherkompositmembranen getroffen.Erläutert werden die Permeations- und Trenndaten der Kompositmembranen in Korrelation zur Vernetzung der Celluloseether anhand verschiedener Einflußgrößen, was qualitative und gegebenenfalls quantitative Aussagen zum Vernetzungsmechanismus der Celluloseetherderivate erlaubt. Dabei stehen die Vernetzungstemperatur, der Einfluß der katalysierenden Wasserstoffionen und bedingt die Vernetzungszeit im Vordergrund. Abgerundet werden die Arbeiten durch Ermittlungen rheologischer Daten, die in Zusammenhang zu den Vernetzungsreaktionen und damit zu membranspezifischen Größen stehen.Infolge der hervorragenden chemischen Stabilität der Celluloseether werden Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Kompositmembranen zur Nanofiltration niedermolekularer Verbindungen aus organisch hochbelasteten Systemen beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 30 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 199 (1992), S. 119-127 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Silicone-containing copolyesters have been prepared as copolymers or mixtures and films have been made from copolyester solutions. The surface of these membranes has been studied by measurements of dynamic contant angle hysteresis. Both in copolymers and mixtures the surface is dominated by siloxane that builds up siloxane domains.
    Notes: Siliconcopolyester wurden als Copolymere oder als Mischung mit Phenyltrichlorsilan-Hydrolysat hergestellt und aus der Lijsung zu Folien geformt. Durch Messung der dynamischen Kontaktwinkelhysterese wurde die für eine Diffusion von Gasen bei der Gastrennung relevante Phasenverteilung an der Oberfläche dieser Membranen untersucht. Sowohl in Copolymeren als auch in Mischungen wird die Oberfläche durch in Domänen aggregiertes Siloxan bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 235 (1996), S. 161-174 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The chemical modification of polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration (PAN-UF) membranes by hydroxylamine yields low-pressure reverse-osmosis (LP-RO) membranes containing amidoxime and hydroxamic acid groups besides nitrile groups. These membranes are positively charged at pH values of 4.0 to 6.5.The water permeability of the membranes decreases from 400 L h-1 m-2 to 15 L h-1 m-2 (p = 0.3 MPa) by this modification. A comprehensive characterization was carried out by retention curves, IR and NMR spectra, Hg porosimetry, measurement of membrane potentials and separation performance regarding different metal salts.Due to the Donnan exclusion these membranes have a retention of 88% at a filtrate flux of 8 L h-1 m-2(p = 0.3 MPa) regarding bivalent metal ions like Ca2+ and Mg2+ which cause the water hardness. Regarding heavy metal ions like Cu2+ and In3+ much higher filtrate fluxes from 90 to 100 L h-1 m-2 (p = 0.3 MPa) are possible.In water medium without any heavy metal ions the amidoxime and hydroxamic acid groups are hydrolysed to carboxylic acid groups which are able to reject multivalentanions. By this the water softening ability remains.
    Notes: Die chemische Modifizierung von Polyacrylnitril-Ultrafiltrations(PAN-UF)-Membranen mit Hydroxylamin führt zu Niederdruckumkehrosmose-Membranen, die neben verbleibenden Nitrilguppen sowohl Amidoxim- als auch Hydroxamsäuregruppen enthalten und bei einem pH von 4,0 bis 6,5 positiv geladen sind.Die Wasserdurchlässigkeit der Membranen sinkt durch diese Modifizierung von 400 L h-1 m-2 auf 15 L h-1 m-2 (p = 0,3 MPa). Eine umfassende Charakterisierung erfolgte anhand von Trennkurven, IR- und NMR-Spektren, der Hg-Porosimetrie, der Membranpotentialmessung und der Trennleistung für verschiedene Metallsalze. Infolge des Donnan-Ausschlusses haben diese Membranen für zweiwertige Metallionen, wie die Härtebildner des Wassers Ca2+ und Mg2+, eine Rückhaltung von 88% bei einem Filtratfluß von 8 L h-1 m-2 (p = 0.3 MPa). Für Schwermetallionen wie Cu2+ und In3+ sind bei annähernd gleicher Rükhaltung wesentlich höhere Durchflußraten von 90 bis 100 L h-1 m-2 (p = 0,3 MPa) möglich.Im wäßrigen, schwermetallionenfreien Medium unterliegen die Amidoxim- und Hydroxamsäuregruppen der Hydrolyse, und es entstehen an der Membranoberfläche Carboxylgruppen, durch die mehrwertige Anionen zurückgehalten werden. Ihr Vermögen zur Wasserenthärtung bleibt erhalten.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 106 (1973), S. 3621-3625 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polyacetylenic Compounds, 221. Synthesis of Two Naturally Occurring Sulphur Acetylenic CompoundsConstitution and configuration of the thioenolether 1 isolated from Buphthalmum salicifolium L. are established by synthesis. The synthesis of the thiophene derivative 5 isolated from a Coreopsis species establishes the proposed constitution.
    Notes: Konstitution und Konfiguration des aus Buphthalmum salicifolium L. isolierten Thioenoläther 1 werden durch Synthese endgültig geklärt. Die Synthese des Thiophenderivates 5 bestätigt die angenommene Konstitution des aus einer Coreopsis-Art isolierten Esters.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 106 (1973), S. 3772-3774 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 32 (1998), S. 197-205 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymer membranes gain an increasing importance in the separation technology. Hollow or flat membranes may be produced low or flat membranes may be produced from different polymers mainly by phase in version. Many different possibilities of membrane separation technology are proved by a number of applications. A better understanding of the structure-function-relationship and an optimization of the technology will become more significant in the future.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1777
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. KET is a member of the newly discovered family of proteins that is related to the tumor suppressor p53. Here we describe the molecular cloning of a human cDNA of 4846 bp encoding a protein of 680 amino acids. The human KET protein shares 98% identity with the previously characterized rat homolog. The remarkably high degree of conservation lends support to the notion that KET proteins have important basic functions in development and differentiation. Using the GeneBridge 4 radiation hybrid panel, we have mapped KET to human Chromosome (Chr) 3q27. KET is located between the somatostatin gene SST (proximal) and the apolipoprotein D gene APOD (distal) in a region of conserved synteny to mouse Chr 16. This chromosomal region is deleted in early stages of tumorigenesis of mouse islet cell carcinomas and contains the hitherto unidentified Loh2 gene, a putative suppressor of angiogenesis. The murine homolog Ket was mapped in an interspecific backcross panel and falls into this region of loss of heterozygosity. From our mapping data we infer that KET might act as a tumor suppressor and is considered as a candidate for Loh2.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: expression ; hemophilia A ; mammary gland ; recombinant human blood clotting factor VIII ; transgenic sheep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract By targeting the expression of sequences encoding non‐milk proteins to the mammary gland of transgenic farm animals, the organ could serve as a ‘bioreactor’ for producing pharmacologically active proteins on a large scale. Here we report the generation of transgenic sheep bearing a fusion gene construct with the human blood clotting factor VIII (hFVIII) cDNA under the transcriptional control of a 2.2 kb fragment of the mammary gland specific promoter of the ovine ß‐Lactoglobulin (ß‐Lac) gene. Six founder animals were generated bearing a hFVIII cDNA construct with the introns of the murine metallothionein (MtI) gene (ß‐Lac/hFVIII‐MtI). Founders transmitted the transgene in a Mendelian fashion and two transgenic lines were generated. Ten out of 12 transgenic F1‐females expressed rhFVIII mRNA in exfoliated mammary epithelial cells isolated from the milk. But only in transgenic F1 ewes 4010 and 603 hFVIII clotting activity estimated at 4–6 ng/ml was detected in defatted milk. Furthermore, the presence of rhFVIII‐protein in ovine milk was demonstrated by a specific band at approximately 190 kD following immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Transgenic founder 395 expressed rhFVIII mRNA in biopsied mammary gland tissue, in exfoliated mammary cells as well as ectopically in brain, heart, spleen, kidney and salivary gland, suggesting that the employed ß‐Lac promoter fragment lacks essential sequences for directing expression exclusively to the mammary gland. A rhFVIII standard preparation (rhFVIIIstd) was rapidly sequestered in a saturable fashion in ovine milk, thus rendering it largely inaccessible to immunoprecipitation although its biological activity was retained. Recovery of hFVIIIstd was dependent on milk donor, storage temperature and dilution of milk sample.
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