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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    The stratospheric aerosol layer (1982)
    Berlin : Springer
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: MOP 45579 / Mitte
    In: Topics in current physics, 28
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: IX, 152 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 3540112294 , 0387112294
    Series Statement: Topics in current physics 28
    Language: English
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
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    Environmental perturbations caused by the impacts of asteroids and comets (1997)
    In:  Rev. Geophys., Warszawa, EGS, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 41-78, pp. 1050, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997
    Keywords: Review article ; crater ; climate
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 3
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    Impact of radiative heating, wind shear, temperature variability, and microphysical processes on the structure and evolution of thin cirrus in the tropical tropopause layer (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-29
    Description: Thin cirrus that frequently form in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) are important for vertical transport through the TTL, regulation of stratospheric humidity, and the Earth's radiation budget. Here, we use a three-dimensional cloud-resolving model to investigate the impact of circulations driven by TTL cirrus radiative heating on the cloud evolution. We use observations of TTL environmental conditions (thermal stability and wind shear) and TTL cirrus microphysical properties (ice crystal sizes and concentrations) to constrain the simulations. We show that with ice crystal sizes consistent with available observations (effective radii ≥ 12 μm), typical thermal stability, and moderate wind shear, the ice cloud sediments to lower levels before radiative heating can drive a circulation to maintain the cloud and before small-scale convection builds up. In this case, the cloud lifetime is controlled by sedimentation of ice crystals into subsaturated air below the initial cloud level, followed by sublimation. Strong wind shear (〉10 m s−1 km−1) tends to hasten the cloud dissipation. With relatively weak thermal stability, small-scale convection builds up rapidly, resulting in mixing at cloud top and extension of the cloud lifetime. We also consider the impact of synoptic-scale and mesoscale temperature variability on cloud lifetime. Using TTL trajectories with small-scale wave temperature perturbations superimposed, we show that TTL cirrus will often dissipate within 12–24 h simply as a result of background temperature variability.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    High-altitude water ice cloud formation on Mars controlled by interplanetary dust particles (2019)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Print ISSN: 1752-0894
    Electronic ISSN: 1752-0908
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
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    The Contribution of Anthropogenic SO2 Emissions to the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-17
    Description: [1]  Recent observations reveal a seasonally occurring layer of aerosol located from 0 ∘ to 100 ∘ E, 20 ∘ to 45 ∘ N and extending vertically from about 13 km to 18 km; this has been termed the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL) and its existence is closely associated with the Asian summer monsoon circulation. Observational studies argue that the ATAL is a recent phenomenon, as the layer was not observed in the satellite record prior to 1998. This suggests that the ATAL may be of anthropogenic origin associated with increased emissions, most notably sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), from increased industrial activity in China and India starting during the same time. Here we test the hypothesis that SO 2 emitted from Asia led to the formation of the ATAL using an aerosol microphysical model coupled to a global chemistry climate model. This is the first modeling study to specifically examine the ATAL and its possible origin. From our results, we conclude that the ATAL is most likely due to anthropogenic emissions, but its source cannot solely be attributed to emissions from Asia. Specifically, the results indicate that Chinese and Indian emissions contribute ∼ 30% of the sulfate aerosol extinction in the ATAL during volcanically quiescent periods. We also show that even small volcanic eruptions preclude our ability to make any conclusions about the existence of the ATAL before 1998 with observations alone.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Improved cirrus simulations in a GCM using CARMA sectional microphysics (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-08
    Description: [1]  We have developed a new cirrus model incorporating sectional ice microphysics from the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA) in the latest version of NCAR's Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5). Comparisons with DARDAR and 2C-ICE show that CAM5/CARMA improves cloud fraction, ice water content, and ice water path compared to the standard CAM5. Prognostic snow in CAM5/CARMA increases overall ice mass and results in a melting layer at ~4 km in the tropics that is largely absent in CAM5. Subgrid scale supersaturation following Wilson and Ballard (1999) improves ice mass and relative humidity. Increased middle and upper tropospheric condensate in CAM5/CARMA requires a reduction in low-level cloud for energy balance, resulting in a 3.1 W m -2 improvement in shortwave cloud forcing and a 3.8 W m -2 improvement in downwelling shortwave flux at the surface compared to CAM5 and CERES. Total and clear sky longwave upwelling flux at the top are improved in CAM5/CARMA by 1.0 and 2.6 W m -2 respectively. CAM has a 2–3 K cold bias at the tropical tropopause mostly from the prescribed ozone file. Correction of the prescribed ozone or nudging the CAM5/CARMA model to GEOS5-DAS meteorology yields tropical tropopause temperatures and water vapor that agree with COSMIC and MLS. CAM5 relative humidity appears to be too large resulting in a +1.5 ppmv water vapor bias at the tropical tropopause when using GEOS5-DAS meteorology. In CAM5/CARMA, 75% of the cloud ice mass originates from ice particles detrained from convection compared to 25% from in situ nucleation.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Reduction of tropical cloudiness by soot (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-05-12
    Description: Measurements and models show that enhanced aerosol concentrations can augment cloud albedo not only by increasing total droplet cross-sectional area, but also by reducing precipitation and thereby increasing cloud water content and cloud coverage. Aerosol pollution is expected to exert a net cooling influence on the global climate through these conventional mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate an opposite mechanism through which aerosols can reduce cloud cover and thus significantly offset aerosol-induced radiative cooling at the top of the atmosphere on a regional scale. In model simulations, the daytime clearing of trade cumulus is hastened and intensified by solar heating in dark haze (as found over much of the northern Indian Ocean during the northeast monsoon).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ackerman -- Toon -- Stevens -- Heymsfield -- Ramanathan V -- Welton -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 12;288(5468):1042-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10807573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Role of the stratospheric polar freezing belt in denitrification (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-03
    Description: Homogeneous freezing of nitric acid hydrate particles can produce a polar freezing belt in either hemisphere that can cause denitrification. Computed denitrification profiles for one Antarctic and two Arctic cold winters are presented. The vertical range over which denitrification occurs is normally quite deep in the Antarctic but limited in the Arctic. A 4 kelvin decrease in the temperature of the Arctic stratosphere due to anthropogenic and/or natural effects can trigger the occurrence of widespread severe denitrification. Ozone loss is amplified in a denitrified stratosphere, so the effects of falling temperatures in promoting denitrification must be considered in assessment studies of ozone recovery trends.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tabazadeh, A -- Jensen, E J -- Toon, O B -- Drdla, K -- Schoeberl, M R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 30;291(5513):2591-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NASA Ames Research Center, Earth Science Division, MS:245-4 Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. atabazadeh@mail.arc.nasa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11283368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Atmospheric science. Solving the PSC mystery (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-04-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tolbert, M A -- Toon, O B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Apr 6;292(5514):61-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. tolbert@spot.colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11294218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Environmental effects of large impacts on Mars (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-10
    Description: The martian valley networks formed near the end of the period of heavy bombardment of the inner solar system, about 3.5 billion years ago. The largest impacts produced global blankets of very hot ejecta, ranging in thickness from meters to hundreds of meters. Our simulations indicated that the ejecta warmed the surface, keeping it above the freezing point of water for periods ranging from decades to millennia, depending on impactor size, and caused shallow subsurface or polar ice to evaporate or melt. Large impacts also injected steam into the atmosphere from the craters or from water innate to the impactors. From all sources, a typical 100-, 200-, or 250-kilometers asteroid injected about 2, 9, or 16 meters, respectively, of precipitable water into the atmosphere, which eventually rained out at a rate of about 2 meters per year. The rains from a large impact formed rivers and contributed to recharging aquifers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Segura, Teresa L -- Toon, Owen B -- Colaprete, Anthony -- Zahnle, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):1977-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309-0392, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12471254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; Computer Simulation ; Exobiology ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ice ; Life ; *Mars ; *Minor Planets ; Temperature ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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