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  • 1
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    Degassing, crystallization and eruption dynamics at Stromboli: trace element and lithium isotopic evidence from 2003 ashes (2010)
    Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: During its 1800-year-long persistent activity the Stromboli volcano has erupted a highly porphyritic (HP) volatile-poor scoriaceous magma and a low porphyritic (LP) volatile-rich pumiceous magma. The HP magma is erupted during normal Strombolian explosions and lava effusions, while the LP one is related to more energetic paroxysms. During the March–April 2003 explosive activity, Stromboli ejected two typologies of juvenile glassy ashes, namely highly vesicular LP shards and volatile-poor HP shards. Their textural and in situ chemical characteristics are used to unravel mutual relationships between HP and LP magmas, as well as magma dynamics within the shallow plumbing system. The mantle-normalized trace element patterns of both ash types show the typical arc-lava pattern; however, HP glasses possess incompatible element concentrations higher than LP glasses, along with Sr and Eu negative anomalies. HP shards are generally characterized by higher Li contents (to ~20 ppm) and lower δ7Li values (+1.2 to −3.8‰) with respect to LP shards (Li contents of 7–14 ppm and δ7Li ranging between +4.6 and +0.9‰). Fractional crystallization models based on major and trace element compositions, combined with a degassing model based on open-system Rayleigh distillation and on the assumption that melt/fluidDLi 〉 1, show that abundant (~30%) plagioclase precipitation and variable degrees of degassing can lead the more primitive LP magma to evolve toward a differentiated (isotopically lighter) HP magma ponding in the upper conduit and undergoing slow continuous degassing-induced crystallization. This study also evidences that in March 2003 Stromboli volcano poured out a small early volume of LP magma that traveled slower within the conduit with respect to later and larger volumes of fast ascending LP magma erupted during the April 5 paroxysm. The different ascent rates and cooling rates of the two LP magma batches (i.e., pre- and post-paroxysm) resulted in small, but detectable, differences in their chemical signatures. Finally, this study highlights the high potential of in situ investigations of juvenile glassy ashes in petrologic and geochemical monitoring the volcanic activity and of Li isotopes as tracers of degassing processes within the shallow plumbing system.
    Description: In press
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stromboli ; Volcanic ash ; Lithium isotopes ; Degassing ; induced crystallization ; Petrologic monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Geochemical heterogeneities in magma beneath Mount Etna recorded by 2001-2006 melt inclusions (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present a geochemical study on olivine- and clinopyroxene-hosted melt inclusions (MIs) from 2001-2006 Etna basaltic lavas and pyroclastites. Three MI suites are distinguished on the basis of trace element fingerprinting. Type-1 MIs (from 2001 Upper South and 2002 Northeast vents) share their trace element signature with low-K lavas erupted before 1971. Critical trace element ratios (e.g.,K/La, Ba/Nb), along with Pb isotope data of Type-1 MIs provide evidence for a heterogeneous mantle source resulting from mixing of three end-members with geochemical and isotopic characteristics of EM2, DMM and HIMU components. Type-1 MIs composition does not support involvement of subduction-related components. Type-2 (from 2001 Lower and 2002 South vents) and Type-3 (2004 eruption) MIs reveal “ghost plagioclase signatures”, namely lower concentrations in strongly incompatible elements, and positiveSr, Ba and Eu anomalies. Both Type-1 and Type-2 MIs occur in 2006 olivines, which highlight the occurrence of mixing between Type-1 and Type-2 end-members. Type-2/Type-3 MIs testify to en-route processes(plagioclase assimilation and volatile fluxing) peculiar for “deep dike fed” eruptions. The latter are strongly controlled by tectonics or flank instability that occasionally promote upraise ofundegassed, more radiogenic primitive magma, which may interact with plagioclase-rich crystal mush/cumulates before erupting. Type-2/Type-3 MIs approach the less radiogenic Pb isotopic compositionof plagioclase from prehistoric lavas, thus suggesting geochemical overprinting of present-day melts by older products released from distinct mantle sources. Our study emphasizes that MIs microanalysis offers new insights on both source characteristics and en-route processes, allowing to a link between melt composition and magma dynamics.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2109–2126
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; source heterogeneity ; melt inclusion ; ghost plagioclase ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Degassing, crystallization and eruption dynamics at Stromboli: trace element and lithium isotopic evidence from 2003 ashes (2011)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: During its 1800-year-long persistent activity the Stromboli volcano has erupted a highly porphyritic (HP) volatile-poor scoriaceous magma and a low porphyritic (LP) volatile-rich pumiceous magma. The HP magma is erupted during normal Strombolian explosions and lava effusions, while the LP one is related to more energetic paroxysms. During the March–April 2003 explosive activity, Stromboli ejected two typologies of juvenile glassy ashes, namely highly vesicular LP shards and volatile-poor HP shards. Their textural and in situ chemical characteristics are used to unravel mutual relationships between HP and LP magmas, as well as magma dynamics within the shallow plumbing system. The mantle-normalized trace element patterns of both ash types show the typical arc-lava pattern; however, HP glasses possess incompatible element concentrations higher than LP glasses, along with Sr and Eu negative anomalies. HP shards are generally characterized by higher Li contents (to ~20 ppm) and lower δ7Li values (+1.2 to −3.8‰) with respect to LP shards (Li contents of 7–14 ppm and δ7Li ranging between +4.6 and +0.9‰). Fractional crystallization models based on major and trace element compositions, combined with a degassing model based on open-system Rayleigh distillation and on the assumption that melt/fluidDLi 〉 1, show that abundant (~30%) plagioclase precipitation and variable degrees of degassing can lead the more primitive LP magma to evolve toward a differentiated (isotopically lighter) HP magma ponding in the upper conduit and undergoing slow continuous degassing-induced crystallization. This study also evidences that in March 2003 Stromboli volcano poured out a small early volume of LP magma that traveled slower within the conduit with respect to later and larger volumes of fast ascending LP magma erupted during the April 5 paroxysm. The different ascent rates and cooling rates of the two LP magma batches (i.e., pre- and post-paroxysm) resulted in small, but detectable, differences in their chemical signatures. Finally, this study highlights the high potential of in situ investigations of juvenile glassy ashes in petrologic and geochemical monitoring the volcanic activity and of Li isotopes as tracers of degassing processes within the shallow plumbing system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 541-561
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stromboli ; Volcanic ash ; Lithium isotopes ; Degassing-induced crystallization ; Petrologic monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    An assessment of upper mantle heterogeneity based on abyssal peridotite isotopic compositions (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 114 (2009): B12203, doi:10.1029/2008JB006186.
    Description: Abyssal peridotites, the depleted solid residues of ocean ridge melting, are the most direct samples available to assess upper oceanic mantle composition. We present detailed isotope and trace element analyses of pyroxene mineral separates from Southwest Indian Ridge abyssal peridotites and pyroxenites in order to constrain the size and length scale of mantle heterogeneity. Our results demonstrate that the mantle can be highly heterogeneous to 〈1 km and even 〈0.1 m length scales. Examination of Nd isotopes in relation to modal, trace, and major element compositions indicate that the length scales and amplitudes of heterogeneities in abyssal peridotites reflect both ancient mantle heterogeneity and recent modification by melting, melt-rock reaction and melt crystallization. The isotopic and trace element compositions of pyroxenite veins in this study indicate that they are not direct remnants of recycled oceanic crust, but instead are formed by recent melt crystallization. Combined with existing data sets, the results show that the average global isotopic composition of peridotites is similar to that of mid-ocean ridge basalts, though peridotites extend to significantly more depleted 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr. Standard isotope evolution models of upper mantle composition do not predict the full isotopic range observed among abyssal peridotites, as they do not account adequately for the complexities of ancient and recent melting processes.
    Description: This research was supported by WHOI Academic Programs funding to J.M.W; EAR0115433 and EAR0106578 to N.S; OCE9907630, OCE0526905, and OPP0425785 to H.J.B.D; and COE-21 funding to E.N.
    Keywords: Mantle ; Abyssal peridotite ; MORB
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/plain
    Format: application/vnd.ms-excel
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constant deviation monochromator for the range 100 A(ring)≤λ≤1000 A(ring) : INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 2105-2108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A grazing incidence constant deviation monochromator with a spherical concave grating was fabricated for use with undulator radiation. It has a simple scanning mechanism with fixed entrance and exit slits, as well as fixed directions of incident and exit beams. It has been installed into an undulator beamline at IMS. Synchrotron radiation from a bending section also can be introduced into the monochromator by using premirrors. The energy resolution of the monochromator is better than 70 meV at the photon energy of 94 eV with 10-μm slits, when the bending magnet synchrotron radiation is used. The spot size of the zeroth-order light is 1.5(v)×2.0(h) mm2 at the distance of 1.85 m behind a postmirror. The photon flux of the undulator radiation behind the exit slit is approximately 1×1012 photons/s at the peak, when both the entrance and exit slits are 100 μm (ΔE=0.08 eV) and the stored current is 50 mA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140837
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2.2-m Rowland-circle grazing-incidence monochromator : INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 2081-2084 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A 2.2-m Rowland-circle grazing-incidence monochromator with a fixed entrance slit and a fixed grating, has been installed on the beamline BL8B1 at UVSOR, in which the axis of the monochromatized beam is unchanged for the wavelength scanning. Two gratings are interchangeable in vacuum. The designed useful region is 20–200 A(ring) with a 2400/mm grating, but the actual useful region was 50–200 A(ring). At 100 A(ring), 1010/s output photons were obtained with a resolution of 10−3. The horizontal width of the beam at the sample position was about 5 mm, while the vertical width was between 0.5 and 3 mm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140831
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A plane-grating monochromator for radiometric calibration : INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 2089-2092 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new plane-grating monochromator and calibration chamber were constructed for the radiometric calibration of plasma diagnostic devices. The monochromator is designed to cover a wavelength range of 1.8–238 nm with moderate resolving power of 500±200 in λ/Δλ. To check the performance of the monochromator, spectral distribution and resolution were measured by experiments on photoemission from solids and photoionization of rare gases. The characterization of multilayer reflectors by the use of this beamline is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140833
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-dimensional x-ray photoelectron diffraction measurements by a retarding field-type analyzer : INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 2231-2234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Two-dimensional x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPED) patterns of Ga3d and As3d photoelectrons from GaAs(001) were rapidly measured by using a retarding field-type electron energy analyzer and a synchrotron radiation x-ray source. In the raw images of photoelectrons obtained with this analyzer, clear XPED patterns were not observed, for most of the contrast was caused by moiré patterns of the four-grid electrodes. In order to obtain net XPED contrast, it is necessary to remove such instrumental functions. For this purpose, three techniques were applied: First, to perform pixel-by-pixel division between an image from a single-crystal sample and one from a polycrystalline sample. Second, to restore the XPED pattern by arithmetic treatments from two images measured before and after sample rotation. Third, to perform pixel-by-pixel division between an image from the crystal-state sample and one from the amorphous state, where the samples of two different states were obtained from the same sample before and after annealing without changing its position. In the case of GaAs, clear XPED patterns of Ga3d and As3d were obtained only by the third technique. The resultant patterns agreed well with calculated XPED patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140777
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin resistance by unprocessed insulin proreceptors point mutation at the cleavage site
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 153 (1988), S. 657-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(88)81145-8
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of (±)-(2S,1'S)-2-[hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-2-methylcyclohexanone, C14H18O2 (1991)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 47 (1991), S. 984-985 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S010827019000909X
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