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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 172 (1960), S. 141-162 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus Messungen der Spannungsrelaxation an isotropem Polytrifluorochloräthylen wird gefunden, daß der lineare Bereich der Viskoelastizität von kristallinen Polymeren hinsichtlich der Deformation auf Bereiche kleiner als etwa 1.5% begrenzt ist. Durch genaue Messungen der Spannungsrelaxation von Polytrifluorochloräthylen, isotaktischem Polypropylen, Polytetrafluoräthylen und Nylon 6 bei verschiedenen Temperaturen läßt sich zeigen, daß die einfache Zeit-Temperatur-Superpositions-Methode auch für die viskoelastischen Eigenschaften dieser kristallinen Polymeren unter besonderen Bedingungen verwendbar ist. Diese Bedingungen sind: linearer Bereich der Viskoelastizität, geeignet vorbehandelte Probestücke und geeigneter Bereich der Meßtemperaturen. Eine gewisse senkrechte Verschiebung entlang der logE- Achse ist notwendig, um die Relaxationskurven des Polyäthylen zu überlagern. Mit Hilfe eines erweiterten Prinzips der Zeit-Temperatur-Verschiebung können die senkrechten Verschiebungen in Beziehung mit der Änderung des Kristallisationsgrades gebracht werden. Die Werte des Kristallisationsgrades von Polyäthylen, die durch diese rheologische Methode erhalten werden, besitzen genügende Übereinstimmung mit den aus dilatometrischen Daten gewonnenen Werten. Als Ergebnis werden die Relaxationszeit-Spektren einiger kristalliner Polymeren für einen breiten Zeitskalenbereich gewonnen. Die Relaxationszeit-Spektren dieser kristallinen Polymere scheinen ein allgemeines Verhalten anzudeuten. Auf Grund dieser Eigenschaft der Relaxationszeit-Spektren und der individuellen viskoelastischen Eigenschaften dieser Substanzen wird vorgeschlagen, daß das viskoelastische Verhalten der kristallinen Polymeren aus einigen strukturellen Faktoren dieser Materialien erklärt werden können.
    Notes: Summary As a result of the measurements of stress relaxations on isotropic polytrifluorochloroethylene, it has been found that in crystalline polymers the linear range of viscoelasticity is limited to the strain values of less than about 1.5%. By the precise measurements of stress relaxation on polytrifluorochloroethylene, isotactic polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene and nylon 6, at several different temperatures, it has been revealed that the simple time-temperature superposition method is also available for the viscoelastic behaviors of these crystalline polymers, under several conditions. These conditions are, linear range of viscoelasticity, thoroughly preconditioned specimen and proper range of measuring temperature. For the relaxation curves of polyethylene, some vertical translations along logE axis are necessary to superimpose them. Such vertical translations can be related with changes in the degree of crystallinity by the aid of extended principle of time-temperature superposition. The values of degree of crystallinity of polyethylene thus derived by the rheological method showed a good agreement with those calculated from dilatometric data. As a result, relaxation time spectra of several crystalline polymers were obtained over a wide range of time scale. The relaxation time spectra of crystalline polymers seem to have some common features. On the basis of these common features of relaxation time spectra, and of the individual viscoelastic character of these materials, it is suggested that the viscoelastic properties of the crystalline polymers will be interpreted in relation with several structural factors of these materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 27 (1958), S. 335-347 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The stress relaxation of low-crystallinity nylon 6 is measured by torsional method at various temperatures in three (0, 40, and 75%) relative humidities. As the whole procedures are very accurate, the results contain little experimental error. The relaxation data at 0 and 75% relative humidity can be reduced to respective master curves by Ferry's reduction method. Considering the changes of structure by difference in humidity, it is found that these two master curves are reduced further to one single general master curve by the aid of some molecular theory of the crystalline polymers. By the use of first-order approximation, the relaxation time spectrum of this crystalline polymer is obtained for a very wide time scale range, more than 1021 sec. The resultant spectrum is fairly high and flat, reflecting the characteristic features of crystalline polymers. It has, however, two weak but distinct maxima, corresponding to the so-called “wedge” and “box” distributions in the relaxation time spectrum of the amorphous polymers. Based on the existence of this box distribution in the spectrum, it is suggested that there should exist some sort of clusters effective in the mechanical behavior of the crystalline polymers.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 33 (1958), S. 515-518 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1960-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0372-820X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-1536
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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