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  • 1
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    Geochemistry and geochronology of the Troodos ophiolite: An SSZ ophiolite generated by subduction initiation and an extended episode of ridge subduction? (2012)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-11
    Description: New trace-element, radiogenic isotopic, and geochronologic data from the Troodos ophiolite, considered in concert with the large body of previously published data, give new insight into the tectonic history of this storied ophiolite, as well as demonstrating the variability of suprasubduction-zone ophiolites, and differences between them and commonly used modern analogs. Similar to earlier studies, we find that island-arc tholeiite of the lower pillow lava sequence erupted first, followed by boninite. We further divide boninitic rocks into boninite making up the upper pillow lava sequence, and depleted boninites that we consider late infill lavas. We obtained an Ar-Ar age from arc tholeiite of 90.6 ± 1.2 Ma, comparable to U-Pb ages from ophiolite plagiogranites. New biostratigraphic data indicate that most of the basal pelagic sedimentary rocks that conformably overlie the boninitic rocks are ca. 75 Ma. This suggests that voluminous eruption of boninitic rocks persisted until ca. 75 Ma. Limited eruption of boninitic lavas may have continued until 55.5 ± 0.9 Ma, based on the Ar-Ar age we obtained. The duration of arc magmatism at Troodos (at least 16 m.y., with some activity perhaps extending 35 m.y.) without the development of a mature arc edifice greatly exceeds that of other well-studied suprasubduction-zone ophiolites. We propose that Troodos was formed over a newly formed subduction zone, similar to many proposed models, but that the extended period of magmatism (boninitic) resulted from a prolonged period of ridge subduction.
    Print ISSN: 1941-8264
    Electronic ISSN: 1947-4253
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 2
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    Central mass profiles of the nearby cool-core galaxy clusters Hydra A and A478 (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-21
    Description: We perform a weak-lensing study of the nearby cool-core galaxy clusters, Hydra A ( z  = 0.0538) and A478 ( z  = 0.0881), of which the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) host the powerful activities of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). For each cluster, the observed tangential shear profile is described well by either a single Navarro–Frenk–White model or a two-component model including the BCG as an unresolved point mass. For A478, we determine the BCG and its host-halo masses from a joint fit to weak-lensing and stellar photometry measurements. We find that the choice of initial mass functions (IMFs) can introduce a factor of 2 uncertainty in the BCG mass, whereas the BCG host-halo mass is constrained well by data. We perform a joint analysis of the weak-lensing and stellar kinematics data available for the Hydra A cluster, which allows us to constrain the central mass profile without assuming specific IMFs. We find that the central mass profile ( r  〈 300 kpc) determined from the joint analysis is in excellent agreement with those from independent measurements, including dynamical masses estimated from the cold gas disc component, X-ray hydrostatic total mass estimates, and the central stellar mass estimated with the Salpeter IMF. The observed dark matter fraction around the BCG for Hydra A is found to be smaller than those predicted by adiabatic contraction models, suggesting the importance of other physical processes, such as AGN feedback and/or dissipationless mergers.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Development of a compact ECR ion source for various ion production (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-09
    Description: There is a desire that a carbon-ion radiotherapy facility will produce various ion species for fundamental research. Although the present Kei2-type ion sources are dedicated for the carbon-ion production, a future ion source is expected that could provide: (1) carbon-ion production for medical use, (2) various ions with a charge-to-mass ratio of 1/3 for the existing Linac injector, and (3) low cost for modification. A prototype compact electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source, named Kei3, based on the Kei series has been developed to correspond to the Kei2 type and to produce these various ions at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS). The Kei3 has an outer diameter of 280 mm and a length of 1120 mm. The magnetic field is formed by the same permanent magnet as Kei2. The movable extraction electrode has been installed in order to optimize the beam extraction with various current densities. The gas-injection side of the vacuum chamber has enough space for an oven system. We measured dependence of microwave frequency, extraction voltage, and puller position. Charge state distributions of helium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and neon were also measured.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 4
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    Impaired degradation of WNK1 and WNK4 kinases causes PHAII in mutant KLHL3 knock-in mice (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-10
    Description: Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) is a hereditary disease characterized by salt-sensitive hypertension, hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis, and genes encoding with-no-lysine kinase 1 (WNK1) and WNK4 kinases are known to be responsible. Recently, Kelch-like 3 (KLHL3) and Cullin3, components of KLHL3-Cullin3 E3 ligase, were newly identified as responsible for PHAII. We have reported that WNK4 is the substrate of KLHL3-Cullin3 E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitination. However, WNK1 and Na–Cl cotransporter (NCC) were also reported to be a substrate of KLHL3-Cullin3 E3 ligase by other groups. Therefore, it remains unclear which molecule is the target(s) of KLHL3. To investigate the pathogenesis of PHAII caused by KLHL3 mutation, we generated and analyzed KLHL3 R528H/+ knock-in mice. KLHL3 R528H/+ knock-in mice exhibited salt-sensitive hypertension, hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis. Moreover, the phosphorylation of NCC was increased in the KLHL3 R528H/+ mouse kidney, indicating that the KLHL3 R528H/+ knock-in mouse is an ideal mouse model of PHAII. Interestingly, the protein expression of both WNK1 and WNK4 was significantly increased in the KLHL3 R528H/+ mouse kidney, confirming that increases in these WNK kinases activated the WNK-OSR1/SPAK-NCC phosphorylation cascade in KLHL3 R528H/+ knock-in mice. To examine whether mutant KLHL3 R528H can interact with WNK kinases, we measured the binding of TAMRA-labeled WNK1 and WNK4 peptides to full-length KLHL3 using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and found that neither WNK1 nor WNK4 bound to mutant KLHL3 R528H. Thus, we found that increased protein expression levels of WNK1 and WNK4 kinases cause PHAII by KLHL3 R528H mutation due to impaired KLHL3-Cullin3-mediated ubiquitination.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    A tripartite paternally methylated region within the Gpr1-Zdbf2 imprinted domain on mouse chromosome 1 identified by meDIP-on-chip (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-17
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Pollen tube attraction by the synergid cell (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-25
    Description: In flowering plants, guidance of the pollen tube to the embryo sac (the haploid female gametophyte) is critical for successful fertilization. The target embryo sac may attract the pollen tube as the final step of guidance in the pistil. We show by laser cell ablation that two synergid cells adjacent to the egg cell attract the pollen tube. A single synergid cell was sufficient to generate an attraction signal, and two cells enhanced it. After fertilization, the embryo sac no longer attracts the pollen tube, despite the persistence of one synergid cell. This cessation of attraction might be involved in blocking polyspermy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Higashiyama, T -- Yabe, S -- Sasaki, N -- Nishimura, Y -- Miyagishima S -- Kuroiwa, H -- Kuroiwa, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1480-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. higashi@biol.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11520985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/cytology/*physiology ; Culture Techniques ; Germ Cells/cytology/physiology ; Lasers ; Plant Structures/*cytology/*physiology ; Pollen/*physiology ; Reproduction ; Seeds/physiology ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Defensin-like polypeptide LUREs are pollen tube attractants secreted from synergid cells (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-20
    Description: For more than 140 years, pollen tube guidance in flowering plants has been thought to be mediated by chemoattractants derived from target ovules. However, there has been no convincing evidence of any particular molecule being the true attractant that actually controls the navigation of pollen tubes towards ovules. Emerging data indicate that two synergid cells on the side of the egg cell emit a diffusible, species-specific signal to attract the pollen tube at the last step of pollen tube guidance. Here we report that secreted, cysteine-rich polypeptides (CRPs) in a subgroup of defensin-like proteins are attractants derived from the synergid cells. We isolated synergid cells of Torenia fournieri, a unique plant with a protruding embryo sac, to identify transcripts encoding secreted proteins as candidate molecules for the chemoattractant(s). We found two CRPs, abundantly and predominantly expressed in the synergid cell, which are secreted to the surface of the egg apparatus. Moreover, they showed activity in vitro to attract competent pollen tubes of their own species and were named as LUREs. Injection of morpholino antisense oligomers against the LUREs impaired pollen tube attraction, supporting the finding that LUREs are the attractants derived from the synergid cells of T. fournieri.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okuda, Satohiro -- Tsutsui, Hiroki -- Shiina, Keiko -- Sprunck, Stefanie -- Takeuchi, Hidenori -- Yui, Ryoko -- Kasahara, Ryushiro D -- Hamamura, Yuki -- Mizukami, Akane -- Susaki, Daichi -- Kawano, Nao -- Sakakibara, Takashi -- Namiki, Shoko -- Itoh, Kie -- Otsuka, Kurataka -- Matsuzaki, Motomichi -- Nozaki, Hisayoshi -- Kuroiwa, Tsuneyoshi -- Nakano, Akihiko -- Kanaoka, Masahiro M -- Dresselhaus, Thomas -- Sasaki, Narie -- Higashiyama, Tetsuya -- England -- Nature. 2009 Mar 19;458(7236):357-61. doi: 10.1038/nature07882.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19295610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Angiosperms/*cytology/drug effects/genetics/*growth & development ; Chemotactic Factors/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology/*secretion ; Defensins/chemistry/*metabolism/pharmacology/*secretion ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/genetics ; Pollen Tube/drug effects/genetics/*growth & development ; RNA, Plant/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Single-cell messenger RNA sequencing reveals rare intestinal cell types (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-20
    Description: Understanding the development and function of an organ requires the characterization of all of its cell types. Traditional methods for visualizing and isolating subpopulations of cells are based on messenger RNA or protein expression of only a few known marker genes. The unequivocal identification of a specific marker gene, however, poses a major challenge, particularly if this cell type is rare. Identifying rare cell types, such as stem cells, short-lived progenitors, cancer stem cells, or circulating tumour cells, is crucial to acquire a better understanding of normal or diseased tissue biology. To address this challenge we first sequenced the transcriptome of hundreds of randomly selected cells from mouse intestinal organoids, cultured self-organizing epithelial structures that contain all cell lineages of the mammalian intestine. Organoid buds, like intestinal crypts, harbour stem cells that continuously differentiate into a variety of cell types, occurring at widely different abundances. Since available computational methods can only resolve more abundant cell types, we developed RaceID, an algorithm for rare cell type identification in complex populations of single cells. We demonstrate that this algorithm can resolve cell types represented by only a single cell in a population of randomly sampled organoid cells. We use this algorithm to identify Reg4 as a novel marker for enteroendocrine cells, a rare population of hormone-producing intestinal cells. Next, we use Reg4 expression to enrich for these rare cells and investigate the heterogeneity within this population. RaceID confirmed the existence of known enteroendocrine lineages, and moreover discovered novel subtypes, which we subsequently validated in vivo. Having validated RaceID we then applied the algorithm to ex vivo-isolated Lgr5-positive stem cells and their direct progeny. We find that Lgr5-positive cells represent a homogenous abundant population of stem cells mixed with a rare population of Lgr5-positive secretory cells. We envision broad applicability of our method for discovering rare cell types and the corresponding marker genes in healthy and diseased organs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grun, Dominic -- Lyubimova, Anna -- Kester, Lennart -- Wiebrands, Kay -- Basak, Onur -- Sasaki, Nobuo -- Clevers, Hans -- van Oudenaarden, Alexander -- England -- Nature. 2015 Sep 10;525(7568):251-5. doi: 10.1038/nature14966. Epub 2015 Aug 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences), 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands. ; University Medical Center Utrecht, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26287467" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Separation/*methods ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Intestine, Small/*cytology ; Mice ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; Organoids/cytology ; Paneth Cells/cytology/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Sequence Analysis, RNA ; *Single-Cell Analysis ; Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Transcriptome/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    In vitro expansion of single Lgr5+ liver stem cells induced by Wnt-driven regeneration (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-01-29
    Description: The Wnt target gene Lgr5 (leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5) marks actively dividing stem cells in Wnt-driven, self-renewing tissues such as small intestine and colon, stomach and hair follicles. A three-dimensional culture system allows long-term clonal expansion of single Lgr5(+) stem cells into transplantable organoids (budding cysts) that retain many characteristics of the original epithelial architecture. A crucial component of the culture medium is the Wnt agonist RSPO1, the recently discovered ligand of LGR5. Here we show that Lgr5-lacZ is not expressed in healthy adult liver, however, small Lgr5-LacZ(+) cells appear near bile ducts upon damage, coinciding with robust activation of Wnt signalling. As shown by mouse lineage tracing using a new Lgr5-IRES-creERT2 knock-in allele, damage-induced Lgr5(+) cells generate hepatocytes and bile ducts in vivo. Single Lgr5(+) cells from damaged mouse liver can be clonally expanded as organoids in Rspo1-based culture medium over several months. Such clonal organoids can be induced to differentiate in vitro and to generate functional hepatocytes upon transplantation into Fah(-/-) mice. These findings indicate that previous observations concerning Lgr5(+) stem cells in actively self-renewing tissues can also be extended to damage-induced stem cells in a tissue with a low rate of spontaneous proliferation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3634804/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3634804/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huch, Meritxell -- Dorrell, Craig -- Boj, Sylvia F -- van Es, Johan H -- Li, Vivian S W -- van de Wetering, Marc -- Sato, Toshiro -- Hamer, Karien -- Sasaki, Nobuo -- Finegold, Milton J -- Haft, Annelise -- Vries, Robert G -- Grompe, Markus -- Clevers, Hans -- 104151/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- P30 DK056338/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK051592/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Feb 14;494(7436):247-50. doi: 10.1038/nature11826. Epub 2013 Jan 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23354049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Bile Ducts/cytology/metabolism ; Cell Lineage ; Clone Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Culture Media/chemistry/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; Hepatocytes/*cytology/*metabolism/pathology ; Hydrolases/deficiency/genetics ; Liver/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Liver Diseases/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Multipotent Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Organoids/cytology/transplantation ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; *Regeneration ; Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Thrombospondins/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Tyrosinemias/metabolism/pathology ; *Wnt Signaling Pathway
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    Methylation and hybrid vigor [Plant Biology] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2016-10-26
    Description: Hybrid vigor or heterosis refers to the superior performance of F1 hybrid plants over their parents. Heterosis is particularly important in the production systems of major crops. Recent studies have suggested that epigenetic regulation such as DNA methylation is involved in heterosis, but the molecular mechanism of heterosis is still...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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