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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 17653-17661 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Optimal conditions for studying the ultrastructure of chromatin fibers of histone-containing spermatozoa in thin sections have been determined. Better results for preservation in sperm of the sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa, have been found than in different frog species studied. The fine structure of chromatin fibers after different treatments was studied by computer methods. A clear superbead structure was found under all conditions which preserve the chromatin fibres. These have a diameter of 30 nm, with superbeads about 33 nm long. In the best preserved cases an additional periodicity of 11 nm along the fibres was found. There is no clear relationship of this periodicity with an eventual solenoidal structure of the chromatin fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have used electron microscopy and established methods of three-dimensional reconstruction to obtain structural information on the 30 nm chromatin fibers from sea cucumber sperm and chicken erythrocytes. The fibers show a longitudinal periodicity of 10–11 nm. We have interpreted this periodicity as due to a grouping of nucleosomes into disks, each disk containing about 5–6 nucleosomes. These disks are closely stacked to form the chromatin fiber. We have built a detailed model for four fibers and we have determined the approximate coordinates of all the nucleosomes in them. The average distance found between neighboring nucleosomes has a value close to 11 nm. They may be connected either as a regularly distorted helix or as a layered zigzag. The second model appears more appropriate, since in the constrictions of the fibers the nucleosomes can only be connected as a zigzag.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: 2-Azetidinone ; quantum mechanical calculations ; molecular electrostatic potential ; solvent effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The conformational preferences and electrostatic properties of 2-azetidinone, 4-(S)-methoxycarbonyl-2-azetidinone and 4-(R)-methyl-2-azetidinone have been studied in gas-phase, aqueous solution and CCl4 solution using quantum mechanical methods. Gas-phase calculations were performed at the ab initio HF, MP2, and MP4 levels and solvent effects were investigated using a self-consistent reaction-field procedure adapted to the AM1 Hamiltonian. An almost planar arrangement was adopted by theβ-lactam ring in the three cases, whereas the alkoxycarbonyl side group was found to display a large conformational flexibility. The effects of the different solvents on the electrostatic properties of the three compounds were investigated by following the changes in both molecular electrostatic potentials and induced dipole moments. The resulting electrostatic parameters were used as static reactivity indices to predict the response of the systems to the attack of nucleophilic reagents. Theoretical results were compared with experimental data available on the structure and properties ofβ-lactams. The validity of the method as a predicting tool was critically discussed.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 41 (1997), S. 721-729 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Poly(β-L-aspartate)s ; helical conformations ; quantum mechanical calculations ; cooperative energy effects ; helix stability ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformational preferences of the monomeric units of a series of poly(α-alkyl-β-L-aspartate)s were examined by quantum mechanical calculations. α-Alkyl-β-aspartamyl m-oligopeptides with a number of residues m ranging from 1 to 7 and arranged in the conformations experimentally observed for their corresponding polymers were computed. Both their total relative energies and their cooperative energy differences were compared as a function of the length of the oligopeptide and the nature of the alkyl side group. Results revealed that the 13/4 helical arrangement is the most stable structure for the isolated polymer chain for any side group, although a 17/4 helix becomes favored in the case of methyl and ethyl groups due to the packing effects. On the other hand, the stability of the 4/1 helix appears to be the preferred conformation for side groups with a branched constitution. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 41: 721-729, 1997
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 190 (1989), S. 1379-1387 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Copolymers of glycine and β-alanine within a range of amount-of-substance compositions from 3:1 to 1:9 were prepared by polycondensation of mixtures of the respective pentachlorophenyl ester hydrobromides. Number-average molecular weights between 2 500 and 9 000 were obtained, the lower values corresponding to those copolymers with a higher content in glycine. Sequence distributions were evaluated by means of 50,3 MHz 13C NMR spectroscopy and the crystalline structure was examined by wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Random copolymers having similar contents in glycine and β-alanine were found to crystallize in a bidimensional hexagonal lattice (a = 4,79 Å) with chains packed in a similar manner as they do in the crystalline structure of polyglycine II. On the contrary, a heterogeneous product consisting of homopolymer and random copolymer fractions results from mixtures which are enriched in one of the two amino acids. The random copolymer poly(glycine-ran-β-alanine) adopts a packing scheme similar to that found for the helical form of the alternating copolymer nylon 2/3. Chains are hexagonally arranged and interlinked by a three-dimensional network of hydrogen bonds as described for the well known model of polyglycine II, although in the present case no order along the chain axis should be expected.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 192 (1991), S. 21-34 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In order to improve our comprehension of the crystalline structure of polyamides, two regular odd terpolyamides containing 3-aminopropanoyl, 5-aminopentanoyl and 7-aminoheptanoyl units were prepared by the active ester polycondensation method. The choice of the sequencing order in the starting compounds (called here heterotrimers) and the various routes leading to them are discussed. It was found that both the reactions and the purification of intermediates were most conveniently performed by combining the heterodimer of the lower amino acids with the higher amino acid. The polycondensation was carried out through a multiple step process either in solution or in the solid-state at a temperature below 200°C. 13C NMR spectra showed that no rearrangement during the polycondensation occurs under these conditions. The terpolyamides have sufficiently high molecular weights to provide good films for crystallographic studies. The two terpolyamides of inversed order do not cocrystallize even when coprecipitated from a solution, probably because of their different crystalline structures.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1445-1448 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 2379-2384 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: ultrasound degradation ; microwave degradation ; polyamides ; polypeptides ; polyglutamates ; polyaspartates ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: No abstract.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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