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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of burnt mazote boiler deposit (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 3687-3695 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) using different initiators was carried out in the absence and presence of burnt mazote boiler deposit (BMBD). When sodium persulfate or potassium persulfate was used, the initial rate of polymerization was found to decrease with increase of the burnt mazote boiler deposit concentration but to increase when sodium bisulfite was used as initiator. The initial rate of polymerization was found to be higher in nitrogen atmosphere than in air. The apparent activation energy (Ea) was found to be 12.4 × 104 J/mol and 16.3 × 104J/mol in the absence and presence of burnt mazote boiler deposit when potassium persulfate was used as initiator and 5.9 × 104 J/mol and 5.1 × 104 J/mol when sodium bisulfite was used as initiator, respectively. The mean average molecular weights for PMMA were found to increase with increase of the burnt mazote boiler deposit when sodium bisulfite was used as initiator.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070291205
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate catalyzed by corundum and characterization of the obtained polymers (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 3049-3056 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was studied using sodium bi-sulfite as initiator in the absence and presence of corundum (Al2O3). It was found that corundum has a catalytic effect on the polymerization reaction. The polymers obtained in the presence of corundum were found to have a wider molecular weight distribution than in its absence; this was deduced by thin-layer chromatographic analysis in a binary mixture (benzene: methanol 1:1.5 by volume) at 25°C. The apparent energy of activation was calculated between 40 and 50°C, and was found to be 4.50 × 104 and 1.70 × 104 J/mol in the absence and presence of 0.5 g corundum (type 600 grit)/105 mL of the reaction mixture, respectively.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080241130
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The course of emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate using redox systems of different oxidizing agents (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 35 (1997), S. 3141-3149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: emulsion polymerization ; persulfate cations ; redox initiation systems ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) was carried out by using redox initiation systems of different persulfate cations such as potassium persulfate (PPS), sodium persulfate (SPS), and ammonium persulfate (APS); each of them was coupled with developed acetone sodium bisulfite adduct (AcSBS) as a reducing agent. The rate of polymerization was found to be dependent on the initiator concentration to the powers 1.04, 1.02, and 0.34, respectively. The effect of the different cations of the oxidizing agents upon the stability of the prepared emulsion lattices was studied by using the sedimentation method. The effect of the different cations on the morphological characteristics of some of the produced lattices was also studied. Finally, the activation energies of these reactions for potassium, sodium, and ammonium persulfate were found to be 0.84 × 104, 1.92 × 104, and 6.68 × 104 J/mol, respectively. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3141-3149, 1997
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Redox polymerization of methyl acrylate in absence and in presence of some inorganic silicon compounds (1988)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 609-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of methyl acrylate in water using ammonium, potassium, and sodium persulphates with sodium bisulphite as redox initiation system was studied. It has been found that ammonium persulphate had the least activity on the rate of polymerization and resulted in the formation of the highest viscosity average molecular weights for the obtained polymers. The rate of polymerization was found to increase with sodium bisulphite concentration in the redox system, but the viscosity average molecular weights were found to decrease with the increase of sodium bisulphite concentration. Addition of some inorganic silicon compounds (containing the same weight equivalent of SiO2) resulted in increasing the rate of polymerization and decreasing the induction period. The average molecular weights obtained in presence of china clay were found to be the highest and those obtained in presence of talc were the least.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1988.080260224
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoregularity of poly(methyl methacrylate) prepared by aqueous polymerization and catalyzed by corundum (1988)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 1587-1591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate was carried out in the absence and in presence of corundum or carborundum at 25 and 80°C. In the absence of corundum and carborundum, it has been found that rising the polymerization temperature from 25 to 80°C resulted in changing the tacticity of the obtained polymers. At 25°C the isotactic triad was 26% while the heterotactic triad was 33.5% and the syndiotactic one was 40.5%. Increasing the polymerization temperature to 80°C resulted in a decrease of the isotactic structure to 0% and increased the heterotactic structure and syndiotactic structure to 48 and 52% respectively. Polymerizing at 25°C in presence of corundum (0.5 g) an increase in the syndiotactic triad took place from 40.5 to 50.7% while the isotactic triad decreased from 26 to 22.2% and the heterotactic structure decreased from 33.5 to 27%. Raising the polymerization temperature to 80°C in the presence of the same amount of corundum resulted in an increase in both the isotactic and heterotactic triads to 35 and 32.7%, respectively. Polymerizing at 80°C in presence of corundum (0.5 g) resulted in nearly an equal percentage of each triad 33%.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1988.080260609
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate initiated by potassium persulfate-cyclohexanone sodium bisulfite redox pair system (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 411-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate using potassium persulfate and cyclohexanone sodium bisulfite as redox pair initiation system was studied. The rate of polymerization, maximum conversion, and the number of polymer particles produced were found to change with redox initiator, monomer and emulsifier concentrations, and temperature variation. The rate of polymerization was found to be dependent on the initiator, the monomer, and the emulsifier concentrations to the 0.88, 0.22, and 0.20 powers, respectively. The K2S2O8-NaHSO3 redox system was found to decrease maximum conversion and doesn't form a stable emulsion. The apparent arrhenius activation energy (Ea) estimated for the polymerization system was 65.6 kJ/mol. The viscosity average molecular weights for some obtained poly(vinyl acetate) were determined.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280215
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A structure rheological study with poly (oxyethylene)Dedicated to Prof. Dr. D. Braun on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 185 (1991), S. 249-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Vier Proben von Poly(oxyethylen) gelöst in Wasser wurden rheologisch untersucht. Fließkurven für verschiedene Molmassen und Konzentrationen wurden erhalten. Aus den no -Werten wurden die Netzwerk-Segmente, das scheinbare Fadenelement und die Durchdringungshemmung ermittelt. Das Polymere bildet in Wasser Verhängungsnetzwerke mit behinderter Durchdringung.
    Notes: Four samples of poly(oxyethylene) dissolved in water have been studied rheologically. Flow curves have been obtained for different molecular mass and concentration. From no the mass of network strand, the apparent chain element and the penetration hindrance have been obtained. The polymer turns out to form in water entanglement network solutions with somewhat hindered penetration.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1991.051850123
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of some free and chelated iron ions on the aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 155 (1987), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die wäßrige Polymerisation von Methylmethacrylat wurde in Abwesenheit und in Gegenwart einiger anorganischer Eisensalze und Komplexe unter Verwendung von natriumbisulfit als Bildner für Initiatorradikale durchgeführt. Die polymerisation in Abwesenheit von Eisensalzen oder Komplexen führte zur Bildung des höchsten durchschnittlichen Molekulargewichts und der niedrigsten Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit, während die Verwendung von Salzen mit freien Eisenionen sowohl die scheinbare Aktivierungsenergie des Systems als auch die erhaltenen mittleren Molekulargewichte herabsetzte und die Anfangsreaktionsgeschwindigkeit erhöhte. Im Gegensatz dazu wurde für komplexiertes Eisen in kaliumferro- und -ferricyanid eine Verzögerung bzw. vollständige Inhibierung der Polymerisation beobachtet.
    Notes: The aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate was carried out in absence and in presence of some inorganic iron salts and complexes using sodium bisulphite as a producer of initiator radicals. Polymerization in absence of iron salts or complexes resulted in the highest average molecular weights formation and the least reaction rates, while using salts in which the iron is ionizable lowered both the apparent energy of activation (Ea) of the system and the obtained average molecular weights and increased the initial rates. On the contrary, when the iron is chelated, as in case of potassium ferrocyanide and potassium ferricyanide, a retardation or complete inhibition of the polymerization reaction took place, respectively.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1987.051550102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of methyl methacrylate in presence of graphite and silicon (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 55 (1976), S. 11-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: DiePolymerisationsgeschwindigkeit dermit Natriumhydrogensulfit initiierten Polymerisation von Methylmethacrylat wurde in wäßrigem Medium in Gegenwart und in Abwesenheit von Graphit und Silicium bestimmt. Der Einfluß von Graphit und Silicium auf die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit wurde bei 40°C ermittelt. Die Bruttopolymerisationsgeschwindigkeit nimmt in Gegenwart von Graphit von 2.3 × 10-5 auf 8.7 × 10-5 mol·l-1·s-1 zu, wenn die Graphitkonzentration von 0 auf 5 g·l-1 und auf 5.6 × 10-5 mol·l-1·s-1, wenn die Siliciumkonzentration von 0 auf 16g·l-1 variiert wird. Bei hoheren Konzentrationen von Silicium oder Graphit nimmt die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit ab.Die Bruttopolymerisationsgeschwindigkeit nimmt mit der Monomerkonzentration zu.Leichtes Schütteln erhöht die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit.Bei einer Temperaturerhöhung von 30° auf 60°C steigt die Polymerisationsgeschwindig-keit von 2.6 × 10-5 auf 9.3 × 10-5 mol·1-1·s-1 in Gegenwart von 3g·1-1 Silicium bzw. von 3.7 × 10-5 auf 11 × 10-5 mol·1-1·s-1 in Gegenwart derselben Konzentration an Graphit. Eine Erhöhung der Initiatorkonzentrationen führt zu einer begrenzten Erhöhung der Bruttopolymerisationsgeschwindigkeit. Das zahlenmittlere Molekulargewicht der erhaltenen Polymeren nimmt mit steigender Graphit- bzw. Siliciumkonzentration ab.
    Notes: Rates of sodium bisulfite initiated polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in water medium were determined in absence and in presence of graphite or silicon. The effect of graphite as well as of silicon on the overall rate of polymerization at 40°C was measured. Overall rates of polymerization increased in presence of graphite from 2.3 × 10-5 to 8.7 × 10-5 mol·1-1·s-1 when its concentration was varied from 0 to 5g·l-1, and to 5.6 × 10-5 mol·l-1·s-1 as the silicon concentration was varied from 0 to 16 g·l-1. Beyond these concentrations of graphite and silicon, the overall rate of polymerization began to decrease.The overall rate was found to increase with increase of monomer concentration in case of graphite and in case of silicon with the difference that the increase in case of silicon is limited.Mild shaking was found to increase the rate of polymerization.Raising the temperature from 30°C to 60°C increased the overall rate from 2.6 × 10-5 to 9.3 × 10-5 mol·l-1·s-1 when using a small amount of silicon (3 g·l-1) while the increase was from 3.7 × 10-5 to 11.0 × 10-5 mol·l-1·s-1 when using the same concentration of graphite. Increasing the initiator concentration resulted in a limited increase in the overall rate. The number average molecular weights of the obtained polymers were found to decrease with increase of substance (graphite or silicon).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1976.050550102
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate in presence of casuarina sawdust and composites thereof (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 85 (1980), S. 91-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die mit Natriumhydrogensulfit initiierte Polymerisation von Methylmethacrylat wurde im wässerigen Medium in Gegenwart und in Abwesenheit von Holzpulver ausgeführt. In Abwesenheit von Holzpulver nahmen die mittleren Molekulargewichte der entsprechenden Polymeren mit steigender Initiatorkonzentration zu, in Gegenwart von Holzpulver nahmen sie ab. Einige Holzpulver-PMMA-Kombinationen wiesen hohe Druckfestigkeiten auf.
    Notes: The technique of polymerizing methyl methacrylate (MMA) in water using sodium bisulphite as initiator in presence of various substances and metal powders was extended to Casuarina sawdust which was used either without or after being washed with water or solvents. The percentage of conversion of monomer to polymer increased with increase of Casuarina sawdust and with increase of temperature. In absence of sawdust, the average molecular weights of the polymers obtained increased with increasing concentration of sodium bisulphite initiator under the studied conditions, while the reverse was true in the presence of sawdust. Some of the Casuarina sawdust-PMMA-composites prepared had high compressive strength depending on the content of polymer and its distribution in the composite.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1980.050850106
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