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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrationally enhanced dissociative scattering of NO+(Etrans, v=0–6) on GaAs(110) (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 97 (1992), S. 9476-9479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A hyperthermal beam of state-selected NO+ X Σ+(v=0–6) ions is scattered on a clean, well-characterized GaAs(110) surface. The threshold for the appearance of scattered O− ions occurs at a collision energy of 25 eV. Vibrational energy proves to be an order of magnitude more effective than translational energy in enhancing the yield in this channel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.463272
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scattering state-selected NO+ on GaAs(110): The effect of translational and vibrational energy on NO− and O− product formation (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 100 (1994), S. 6791-6812 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The scattering of state-selected NO+(X 1Σ+, v=0–6) on GaAs(110) was explored across the hyperthermal energy region. Relative yields and velocity distributions for scattered anionic products NO−(X 3Σ−, v=0) and O−(2P) were measured as a function of the number of vibrational quanta and collision energy for NO+(X 1Σ+, v=0–6) incident on the surface. Facile neutralization along the inbound trajectory forms vibrationally excited NO(2Π) immediately prior to surface impact. Electron attachment to form NO−(X 3Σ−, v=0) occurs near the distance of closest approach between the molecule and surface. With regard to O−(2P) emergence, a collision-induced dissociation mechanism is consistent with the observed 25 eV threshold. Incident vibrational energy is as much as ten times more effective than translational energy in forming O−(2P). This paper represents the first experimental investigation into the effect of vibrational energy on electron transfer and dissociation of ions at surfaces and highlights the unique interplay between translational and vibrational motions in an ion/surface encounter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.467039
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scattering aligned NO+ on Ag(111): The effect of internuclear-axis direction on NO− and O− product formation (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 4996-5011 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hyperthermal energy reactions of NO+ with Ag(111) were studied as a function of collision energy and the incident diatom's internuclear-axis direction. Laser photoselection via (1+1') resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) prepared an aligned distribution of NO+(X 1Σ+, Etrans, v=0, J) prior to the molecules impact with the surface. The emergence of scattered O− products was enhanced when NO+ approached the surface with an "end-on'' rather than a "side-on'' orientation. Moreover, the magnitude of the reaction's alignment preference increased with decreasing collision energy. The appearance threshold for O− was approximately 20 eV. Classical trajectory calculations demonstrated that these results are consistent with a collision-induced dissociation mechanism mediated by both vibrational and rotational excitation upon impact. Reorientation of the internuclear axis during the collision drastically affects the simulated dissociation dynamics. No alignment preference for scattered NO− emergence could be discerned from the experiments. As a complement, the angular momentum mechanics are provided to predict the internuclear-axis distribution of ions created via two-photon REMPI. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.469550
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of dissociative scattering: Hyperthermal energy collisions of state-selected OCS+ on Ag(111) (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 6448-6459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dynamics of dissociation and negative ion formation have been investigated for the hyperthermal energy scattering of state-selected OCS+(X 2Πx, υ1, υ2, υ3) on Ag(111). Experiments reveal the effect that collision energy and internal energy have on the formation of scattered ionic products. An analysis of the appearance threshold and fragment velocity distribution for each scattered product channel [S−(2P), O−(2P), and SO−(X 2Π)] suggests that three distinct fragmentation mechanisms compete. Prompt impulsive dissociation of neutralized OCS+(X 2Π), followed by electron attachment to the nascent O fragment, is responsible for O−(2P) emergence. The production of SO−(X 2Π) relies on a collisionally activated distortion of OCS, forcing the O and S atoms close together while ejecting the central carbon atom. Finally, a comparison between the scattering of state-selected OCS+(X 2Πx, υ1, υ2, υ3) and S+(4S) on Ag(111) provides strong evidence that dissociative neutralization of OCS+(X 2Πx, υ1, υ2, υ3) leads to S−(2P) fragments. A discussion of time scales for the various dissociation mechanisms is presented. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.474305
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Immature Fruits on Strawberry Jam Quality and Storage Stability (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 46 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Jam was prepared from two strawberry cultivars, ‘Cardinal’ and A-5344, which were suited to once-over machine harvest. For jam manufacture, puree from ripe (R) and immature (IM) fruits were combined in the following blends: 25% R + 75% IM, 50% R + 50% IM, 75% R + 25% IM, and 100% R. Initially and after storage at 2°C for 6 and 12 months, jam color and flavor of all mixtures were acceptable. Jam made from 25 and 50% ripe fruit of A-5344 had unacceptable color after 6 and 12 months, respectively, at 25°C. All jam stored at 35°C was unacceptable after 6 months. Color acceptability was more dependent on total anthocyanin content than the percentage of ripe puree used in jam manufacture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1981.tb04873.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Preprocessing Treatments on the Firmness and Quality Characteristics of Whole and Sliced Strawberries After Freezing and Thermal Processing (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 51 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Procedures designed to improve fruit firmness of overripe strawberry fruit originally designated for the fresh market were investigated. The firmness of ‘Cardinal’ strawberries was increased by soaking or vacuum infiltrating in 1 or 2% Ca lactate solutions. Calcium lactate was more effective in firming sliced than whole fruit. Thermally processed fruit benefited more from calcium absorption than did the frozen, thawed fruit. Whole fruit firmness was increased by the vacuum infiltration of Ca lactate. There was little increase in firmness of the sliced fruit when the calcium was vacuum infiltrated as compared to a soak treatment with no vacuum. There were slight but significant differences among treatments on all quality attributes tested. However, these quality differences would have no commercial importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1986.tb11138.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of 1-(3-butynyl)pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (1993)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 49 (1993), S. 2160-2162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270193006523
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Combining Mechanically Harvested Green and Ripe Puree and Sliced Fruit, Processing Methodology and Frozen Storage on Quality of Strawberries (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 48 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Small green and ripe mechanically harvested strawberries were processed into puree and combined with 60 and 80% sliced ripe fruit to determine the effects of holding after harvest, percent green fruit in puree, processing procedure and storage on quality of frozen sliced strawberries. Green and ripe fruit puree added to the sliced strawberries resulted in higher viscosity and lower ascorbic acid, total anthocyanins and red color as compared to packs with 100% sliced ripe fruit. The mixtures of sliced ripe fruit and up to 40% puree were rated acceptable by a sensory panel. Heating the puree may be beneficial to color during long-term storage. Holding of fresh strawberries for 24 hr at 24°C after cleaning decreased the ascorbic acid, viscosity of syrup and color of the frozen pack. Storage of the frozen product decreased ascorbic acid and color.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1983.tb05043.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-dependent propagation of high-energy laser beams through the atmosphere: II (1977)
    Springer
    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 99-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.10
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Various factors that can effect thermal blooming in stagnation zone situations are examined, including stagnation-zone motion, longitudinal air motion in the neighborhood of the stagnation zone, and the effects of scenario noncoplanarity. Of these effects, only the last offers reasonable hope of reducing the strong thermal blooming that normally accompanies stagnation zones; in particular, noncoplanarity should benefit multipulse more than cw beams. The methods of treating nonhorizontal winds hydrodynamically for cw and multipulse steady-state sources are discussed. Aspects of pulse “self-blooming” are also considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00882638
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-dependent propagation of high energy laser beams through the atmosphere (1976)
    Springer
    Applied physics 10 (1976), S. 129-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.10
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The computation of time-dependent three-space-dimensional laser beam propagation is described. The methods are applicable to the propagation of high energy laser beams through the atmosphere in the presence of a horizontal wind and turbulence for most situations of interest. Possible cases are propagation of cw beams through stagnation zones, multi-pulse propagation, including the self-consistent treatment of pulse self-blooming, and propagation involving transonic slewing. The solution of the Maxwell wave equation in Fresnel approximation is obtained by means of a discrete Fourier transform method, which, surprisingly, gives excellent results for diffraction problems. The latter provide a stringent test for the accuracy of any solution method. Considerable use is also made of discrete Fourier transform methods in solving the hydrodynamic equations. The treatment of turbulence is based on the generation of random phase screens at each calculation step along the propagation path. In a time-dependent calculation the random phase screens can be either made to move with the wind at a given propagation position or generated anew for each successive time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00896333
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