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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meiotic arrest and aneuploidy in MLH3-deficient mice (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 31 (2002), S. 385-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] MutL homolog 3 (Mlh3) is a member of a family of proteins conserved during evolution and having dual roles in DNA mismatch repair and meiosis. The pathway in eukaryotes consists of the DNA-binding components, which are the homologs of the bacterial MutS protein (MSH 2–6), and the MutL ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng931
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial rescue of the prophase I defects of A tm -deficient mice by p53 and p21 null alleles (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 17 (1997), S. 462-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Mammalian RadSl is localized to the unpaired axial elements and paired synaptonemal complexes during prophase I of meiosis in association with the axial element protein Cor1 (ref. 7). Bright RadSl foci (green) were associated exclusively with Corl (yellow) on the forming axial cores in leptotene ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1297-462
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Telomere and centromere DNA are associated with the cores of meiotic prophase chromosomes (1990)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 100 (1990), S. 8-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mouse (Mus musculus) whole-mount, surface-spread, meiotic prophase chromosomes have an axial which extend chromatin loops. This arrangement permits a novel approach to the analysis of chromosome structure. Using in situ hybridization, the types of DNA sequences preferentially associated with the SC and the types located primarily in the chromatin loops can be determined. With biotinylated probes, detected by avidin conjugated to FITC, we present evidence for differential chromatin-SC interaction. The telomere sequence (TTAGGG)n is associated exclusively with the two ends of each autosomal SC rather than with the chromatin loops. The minor satellite DNA sequences are predominantly localized to the centromeric region of the SC, as defined by CREST serum anti-centromere antibodies. In contrast, the major satellite DNA probe hybridizes to the chromatin loops of the centromeric heterochromatin, and a probe containing a LINE sequence hybridizes to chromatin loops in general with no obvious preference for the SC. These observations demonstrate that, depending on the type of DNA sequence, the chromatin has different properties in regard to its association with the SC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337598
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytology of chiasmata and chromosomal disjunction at mouse meiosis (1995)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 104 (1995), S. 175-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunocytological and in situ hybridization evidence supports the hypothesis that at meiosis of chiasmate organisms, chromosomal disjunction and reductional segregation of sister centromeres are integrated with synaptonemal complex functions. The Mr 125,000 synaptic protein, Syn1, present between cores of paired homologous chromosomes during pachytene of meiotic prophase, is lost from synaptonemal complexes coordinately with homolog separation at diplotene. Separation is constrained by exchanges between non-sister chromatids, the chiasmata. We show that the Mr 30,000 chromosomal core protein, Cor1, associated with sister chromatid pairs, remains an axial component of post-pachytene chromosomes until metaphase I. We demonstrate that at this time the chromatin loops are still attached to their cores. A reciprocal exchange event between two homologous non-sister chromatids is therefore immobilized by anchorage of sister chromatids to their respective cores. Cores thus contribute to the sister chromatid cohesiveness required for maintenance of chiasmata and proper chromosomal disjunction. Cor1 protein accumulates in juxtaposition to pairs of sister centromeres during metaphase I. Presumably, independent movement of sister centromeres at anaphase I is restricted by Cor1 anchorage. That reductional separation of sister centromeres is mediated by Cor1, is supported by the dissociation of Cor1 from separating sister centromeres at anaphase II and by its absence from mitotic anaphases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352182
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytology of chiasmata and chromosomal disjunction at mouse meiosis (1995)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 104 (1995), S. 175-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Immunocytological and in situ hybridization evidence supports the hypothesis that at meiosis of chiasmate organisms, chromosomal disjunction and reductional segregation of sister centromeres are integrated with synaptonemal complex functions. The Mr 125,000 synaptic protein, Syn1, present between cores of paired homologous chromosomes during pachytene of meiotic prophase, is lost from synaptonemal complexes coordinately with homolog separation at diplotene. Separation is constrained by exchanges between non-sister chromatids, the chiasmata. We show that the Mr 30,000 chromosomal core protein, Cor1, associated with sister chromatid pairs, remains an axial component of post-pachytene chromosomes until metaphase I. We demonstrate that at this time the chromatin loops are still attached to their cores. A reciprocal exchange event between two homologous non-sister chromatids is therefore immobilized by anchorage of sister chromatids to their respective cores. Cores thus contribute to the sister chromatid cohesiveness required for maintenance of chiasmata and proper chromosomal disjunction. Cor1 protein accumulates in juxtaposition to pairs of sister centromeres during metaphase I. Presumably, independent movement of sister centromeres at anaphase I is restricted by Cor1 anchorage. That reductional separation of sister centromeres is mediated by Cor1, is supported by the dissociation of Cor1 from separating sister centromeres at anaphase II and by its absence from mitotic anaphases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352182
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rad51 immunocytology in rat and mouse spermatocytes and oocytes (1997)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 106 (1997), S. 207-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. On the assumption that Rad51 protein plays a role in early meiotic chromosomal events, we examine the location and time of appearance of immuno-reactive Rad51 protein in meiotic prophase chromosomes. The Rad51 foci in mouse spermatocytes appear after the emergence of, and attached to, short chromosomal core segments that we visualize with Cor1-specific antibody. These foci increase in number to about 250 per nucleus at the time when core formation is extensive. The numbers are higher in mouse oocytes and lower in rat spermatocytes, possibly correlating with recombination rates in those cases. In the male mouse, foci decrease in number to approximately 100 while chromosome synapsis is in progress. When synapsis is completed, the numbers of autosomal foci decline to near 0 while the X chromosome retains about 15 foci throughout this time. This stage coincides with the appearance of testis-specific histone H1t at mid- to late pachytene. Electron microscopy reveals that at first Rad51 immunogold-labeled 100 nm nodules are associated with single cores, and that they come to lie between the chromosome cores during synapsis. It appears that these nodules may be the homologs of the Rad51-positive early nodules that are well documented in plants. The reciprocal recombination-correlated late nodules appear after the Rad51 foci are no longer detectable. The absence of Rad51 foci in the chromatin loops suggests that in wild-type mice Rad51/DNA filaments are restricted to DNA at the cores/synaptonemal complexes. The expected association of Rad51 protein with Rad52 could not be verified immunocytologically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004120050241
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development, structure and function of modified synaptonemal complexes in mosquito oocytes (1973)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 41 (1973), S. 37-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The nucleus of the maturing oocytes expands to a large thin body of 400×140×3 μm but the chromosomes remain together in a small sphere, 15 μm in diameter. In Aedes aegypti this sphere becomes surrounded by one to several layers of polycomplexes, annulated polycomplexes, and related annulated pseudomembranes. Just prior to egg laying the expanded nucleus disintegrates while the sphere of chromosomes is surrounded by several layers of membranes. In Culex pipiens the elements which normally connect the lateral elements of the synaptonemal complexes become extended so that all bivalents become interconnected by a framework of pseudomembranes. The continuity between the modified synaptonemal complexes and various membranes associated with the karyosphere suggest that a relationship exists, by origin or by specialization, between the synaptic structures and nuclear envelope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284073
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of synaptonemal complex material in metaphase I bivalents of Locusta and Chloealtis (Orthoptera: Acrididae) (1979)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 73 (1979), S. 247-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract At metaphase I synaptonemal complex (SC) material is located in a continuous but irregularly shaped bundle between sister chromatids. Only at the site of a chiasma is it present between homologous chromosomes. When the chromosomes pull apart at anaphase I the SC material becomes rearranged into poly-SCs which dissociate from the chromosomes. The observations agree with previous reports that modified SCs may function in meiotic chromosome disjunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331575
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recombination nodules and chiasma localization in two orthoptera (1986)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 93 (1986), S. 220-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of recombination nodules (RNs) is reported from observations on two-dimensional spreads of Locusta migratoria and Chloealtis conspersa spermatocytes; C. conspersa is a known example of a species with terminally localized chiasmata, while L. migratoria has nonspecific positioning of chiasmata. Measurements of the distances from 102 RNs to the ends of the synaptonemal complexes (SCs) on which they were found show the RNs to be near-terminally localized in C. conspersa and to occur along the lengths of the SCs in L. migratoria. Thus, the localization of RNs appears to reflect the localization of chiasmata. These observations are interpreted as support for the proposed recombinant function of RNs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292741
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization of heterologous DNA inserts on the mouse meiotic chromosome core (1994)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 103 (1994), S. 401-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With simultaneous immunofluorescence and fluorescent in situ hybridization, we have determined the organization of native and heterologous DNA sequences relative to the cores of meiotic prophase chromosomes. The normal chromatin organization is demonstrated with probes of mouse sequences: a cosmid probe that identities unique sequences and a 720 kb yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) probe that recognizes a specific region of the chromatin domain. The heterologous DNA consists of a 1.8 Mb insertion of 40 tandem head-to-tail phage λ LIZ vectors and of 11.4 Mb of bacterial/mouse DNA repeats. The lengthy λ insert is unusual in that it is not contained in the chromatin domain of chromosome 4 and in that it fails to form direct attachments to the chromosome core. The ends are attached indirectly, probably by means of the flanking mouse sequences. At late stages of meiotic prophase, while the terminal attachments remain the same, the λ DNA becomes highly compacted. Apparently, higher order condensation and core attachment are independent processes. The condensed inserts relax precociously at metaphase I. In the mouse heterozygous for the insert, the two sister inserts are usually merged, as are all four inserts in the homozygous mouse. Evidently chromatin loops with identical sequences can become associated during meiotic prophase. Mouse sequences within a heterologous DNA insert (repeats of bacterial plasmid pBR322 with a mouse β-globin insert) were observed to restore some degree of core attachment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00362284
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