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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SIZE-DISTRIBUTION OF EARNINGS AND HOUSEHOLD INCOMES IN SMALL SOCIALIST COUNTRIES (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 19 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Part I: Availability and meaning of East European distributional statistics are discussed. Part II: Measures of inequality to be used in this study are examined: the Gini coefficient of concentration, though superior to some other single indicators, is found to be an unreliable comparative measure of inequality, and is therefore supplemented by a set of ratios of selected percentiles to the median. Part III: Inequality of full-time gross monthly earnings is measured for (almost) the whole civilian working population and for some subpopulations (selected industries, men, women) in Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia through 1970, in Hungary through 1968: the observed inequality appears to be less than in small capitalist countries, in spite of the reversal of the socialist egalitarian trend in the 'sixties. The main factor of equalization of socialist earnings are small interoccupational and interregional differentials and a very flat age profile. Part IV: The socio-economic structure of households, the size of samples underlying the distributional statistics, and the composition of household “revenues” (wage and salary earnings, agricultural incomes, social security payments, relatively unimportant property incomes, as well as non-income cash flows) are examined. Inequality coefficients are estimated for per capita revenues of all households as well as subpopulations of households in Czechoslovakia and Hungary, and some information is given on the distribution of household incomes in Yugoslavia. Part V: Limits of desirable equalization of earnings are discussed. With very narrowly dispersed short-term earnings, lifetime earnings tend to be rather unequally distributed because of the variation of earning years among occupations. With largely equalized primary incomes, per capita household incomes tend to be more unequally distributed, in spite of massive transfers, because of the varying ratio of earners to dependents within households. The need of income differentials as incentives to work, the probable trade-off between income equality and economic growth, and socialist distributive principles are outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1973.tb00899.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the total organic fraction of mine aerosols (1989)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 333 (1989), S. 221-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A gas-chromatographic method for the determination of the total organic fraction (TOF) present in the total particulate matter (TPM) of mine aerosols and the analysis of this fraction by gas chromatography — mass spectrometry is presented. The method is statistically evaluated and the standard deviation is calculated. The method for the determination of TOF was checked by a series of analyses of TPM in an iron-ore mine and in a deep mine for magnesite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00490201
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Bestimmung von Silber in Erzen (1958)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 160 (1958), S. 277-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine photometrische Methode zur Bestimmung von Silber in Erzen wird beschrieben. Das Prinzip der Methode besteht darin, daß der intensiv gelbbraun gefärbte Komplex des Kupfers mit Tetraäthylthiuramdisulfid durch Einwirkung von Silberionen entfärbt wird. Die Abnahme der Extinktion wird gemessen. Die Methode ist sehr rasch durchführbar, anspruchslos und genau. Sie ersetzt mit Erfolg die dokimastische Methode. In einer langen Reihe von Erzproben haben sich durchaus zufriedenstellende Resultate ergeben. Das Verfahren bleibt allerdings auf Erzproben beschränkt, in denen es nur auf die Silberbestimmung ankommt. Soll daneben auch der Goldgehalt erfaßt werden, so ist die dokimastische Methode vorzuziehen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00458478
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quecksilberbestimmung im System Schwazit, Zinnober und metallisches Quecksilber (1972)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 258 (1972), S. 342-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für die Phasenanalyse im System Schwazit, Zinnober und metallisches Quecksilber der Mineralien des Zips-Gemerschen Gebietes werden Methoden der spektrographischen und der klassischen Phasenanalyse verwendet. In der Spektralanalyse wird die Möglichkeit der fraktionierten Destillation des metallischen Quecksilbers mit Hilfe der „double arc“-Methode und der Bestimmung des Gesamtquecksilbers untersucht. Für die chemische Analyse wird die selektive Lösung einzelner Minerale durch Auslaugung mit Natriumsulfidlösung nach Abtrennung des metallischen Quecksilbers durch Amalgamation ausgenutzt. Die Endbestimmung erfolgt photometrisch mit Dithizon. Die Methoden werden auf die Erzanalyse angewendet.
    Notes: Abstract The methods of speetrographic and classical phase analysis are discussed for the determination of mercury in the system schwazite-cinnabar-metallic mercury in the minerals from the Spiš-Gemer region. The “double arc” method is applied in spectral analysis for the fractional destillation of metallic mercury and for the determination of total mercury content. By chemical analysis the selective leaching of individual minerals by sodium sulphide after the separation of metallic mercury by amalgamation is studied. The photometric determination of mercury with dithizone is used and the application of the methods for the analysis of ores is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423974
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of carbon monoxide in thermal degradation products of polymeric materials (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 5 (1981), S. 149-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Gas chromatography using a column with a molecular sieve was applied to the determination of carbon monoxide in thermal degradation of polymeric materials. Attention was paid to the variance of individual determinations and conclusions were drawn regarding reproducibility of the processes studies. The carbon monoxide content in pyrolysis and thermooxidation products of the commonest polymeric materials and the effect of temperature on the amount of carbon monoxide formed were determined.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810050404
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of hydrogen cyanide in thermal degradation products of polymeric materials (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 6 (1982), S. 13-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Thermal degradation products of nitrogen-containing polymeric materials were analysed for hydrogen cyanide. A spectrophotometric method was used for the determination of cyanides using the formation of a characteristic absorption peak of cyanonickel(II) ion in the ultraviolet spectral region. Pyrolysis and thermooxidation products were studied and conclusions on the reproducibility of the degradation process were drawn. The effect of temperature on the quantity of hydrogen cyanide formed was studied as well.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810060105
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of pyrolysis and combustion products of poly-(vinyl chloride) (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 1 (1976), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The pyrolysis and combustion products of poly-(vinyl chloride) and those of some of its polymer, especially of vinyl chloride with vinylidene chloride, were analysed using gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The toxic effect of the individual products on the human organism was evaluated and presumed total toxicity of the poly-(vinyl chloride) combustion products (0.3g PVC products per m3) was determined.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810010205
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of thermal degradation products of polyethylene and polypropylene (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 1 (1976), S. 160-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Pyrolysis, thermo-oxidation and combustion of polyethylene and polypropylene were studied and the products of these thermal degradation processes were identified by means of gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The individual products of thermal degradation were evaluated for their toxicity and a conclusion on presumed toxic effect of the combustion products of the polymers studied has been drawn.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810010407
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combustion products of polymeric materials. 1 - Test chamber CAB 4.5 (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 7 (1983), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A test chamber for performing complete investigation of the dangerous effects of thermal degradation products of polymeric materials has been designed. The tow-chamber system with separated combustion chamber and smoke chamber has a steep temperature gradient between both chambers and enables continuous analysis of combustion products of the tested polymeric material for carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to be performed, to monitor the oxygen content in the chamber during testing and to perform tests of biological toxicity on mice as test animals. The function of the test chamber was verified on combustion of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyamide samples.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810070402
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combustion products of polymeric materials. 2 - Test chamber CAB 650 (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 7 (1983), S. 169-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A chamber has been designed which allows total assessment of products formed during the thermal stressing of polymer material samples. The chamber is of oval shape and creates an infinite track for the movement of products formed in the course of the thermal degradation process. It allows the complete analysis of the products to be carried out to monitor the contents of the most important of them, to determine the oxygen content, to measure the optical density of smoke and to measure the temperature inside the chamber in the course of the experiment. The chamber was used for testing the combustion products of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyamide.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810070403
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