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    Prediction of the movement of perchlor0ethylene in soil columns (1991)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0049-6979
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-2932
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of the movement of perchlor0ethylene in soil columns (1991)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 60 (1991), S. 361-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Many toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are being released to the soil through improper waste disposal practices, industrial impoundments, landfills and accidental spills during transport and handling. Once released, the VOCs migrate toward the groundwater and cause contamination. One of the most frequently found VOCs in groundwater supplies is perchloroethylene (PCE). In this study an attempt was made to investigate the transport of PCE in two types of soil. PCE spills were created on soil columns in the laboratory and column breakthrough theory was used to analyze the data. Empirical equations were used to calibrate a contaminant transport model. The programs for this simple model have been prepared for use with IBM microcomputers and are capable to predicting the breakthrough time and concentration of PCE at various depths in the profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282632
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Filtering Impacts of an Introduced Bivalve (Dreissena polymorpha) in a Shallow Lake: Application of a Hydrodynamic Model (1999)
    Springer
    Ecosystems 2 (1999), S. 338-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0629
    Keywords: Key words: zebra mussel; benthic–pelagic coupling; Great Lakes; hydrodynamics; exotic species.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: ABSTRACT Nonindigenous species may exert strong effects on ecosystem structure and function. The zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) has been attributed with profound changes in invaded ecosystems across eastern North America. We explored vertical profiles of water flow velocity and chlorophyll a concentration in western Lake Erie, over rocky substrates encrusted with Dreissena, to assess the extent to which mussels influence coupling between benthic and pelagic regions of the lake. Flow velocity was always low at surveyed sites (less than or equal to 2.9 cm s-1) and declined in direct proximity to the lakebed. Mean chlorophyll a concentration was also low (less than 5μg L-1) at all sites and depths. Chlorophyll a concentration was positively correlated with distance above lakebed and was lowest (0.3μg L-1) directly adjacent to the lakebed. Spatial patterns of zooplankton grazers could not explain observed vertical gradients in chlorophyll concentration. Hydrodynamic modeling revealed that filtering effects of Dreissena in a nonstratified, shallow basin depend mainly on upstream chlorophyll concentration, intensity of turbulent diffusion, feeding efficiency of the mussel colony, and the distance downstream from the leading edge of the mussel colony. In contrast to widespread perceptions that molluscs reduce phytoplankton concentration only adjacent to the lakebed, modeling scenarios indicated that depletion occurs throughout the water column. Depletion was, however, inversely proportional to distance above the lakebed. Simulation results are consistent with field-based observations made in shallow water habitats populated by large Dreissena populations in the Great Lakes and elsewhere. Results from this study indicate that zebra mussels strongly enhance coupling between pelagic and benthic regions in shallow lakes. Enhanced coupling between these regions explains, in part, high population densities of Dreissena and of many benthic invertebrates in ecosystems invaded by zebra mussels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100219900084
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model in curvilinear co-ordinates with collocated grid (1998)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 28 (1998), S. 1109-1134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: finite volume method ; fractional step algorithm ; three-dimensional flow ; free surface ; curvilinear co-ordinates ; collocated grid ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model has been developed for turbulent flows with free surface. In the horizontal x-y-plane, a boundary-fitted curvilinear co-ordinate system is adopted, while in the vertical direction, a σ-co-ordinate transformation is used to represent the free surface and bed topography or lower boundary. Using the finite volume method, the convection terms are discretized using Roe's second-order-accurate scheme. The governing equations are solved in a collocated grid system by a fractional three-step implicit algorithm that has been developed to handle the velocity-pressure-depth coupling problem of free surface incompressible fluid flows. The present study is the extension of previous work to three-dimensional turbulent flows. The model has been applied to three test cases. Comparison with available data shows that the model developed is successful, and is valuable to engineering application. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Semi-implicit Skew Upwind Method for problems in environmental hydraulics (1993)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 17 (1993), S. 803-823 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Numerical diffusion ; Skew upwind ; Convective transport ; Stability ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new computational method is presented for reducing numerical diffusion in environmental fluid problems. This method, which is referred to as the Semi-Implicit Skew Upwind Method (SISUM), is a robust solution procedure for the conditional convergence of the discretized transport equations. The method retains the advantage of the low numerical diffusion of the conventional skew upwind schemes but does not suffer from over- or under-shooting often found in these methods due to the improved interpolation schemes. The effectiveness of SISUM is demonstrated in several examples. The comparison of the results of a hybrid scheme and SISUM with field observations of convection-dominated pollutant transport in strongly curvilinear river flow shows that SISUM successfully eliminates the high numerical diffusion produced by the hybrid scheme. The robustness of the method was tested by solving the hydrodynamics of a circular clarifier model with a large density gravity source term in the vertical-momentum equation.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650170905
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