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Winter distribution and overwintering strategies of the Antarctic copepod species Calanoides acutus, Rhincalanus gigas and Calanus propinquus (Crustacea, Calanoida) in the Weddell Sea (1993)

Bathmann, Ulrich ; Makarov, R. R. ; Spiridonov, V. A. ; [et al.]

In: EPIC3Polar Biology, 13, pp. 333-346

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Publication Date: 2019-07-16

Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut

Type: Article , isiRev

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Winter distribution and overwintering strategies of the Antarctic copepod species Calanoides acutus, Rhincalanus gigas and Calanus propinquus (Crustacea,Calanoida) in the Weddell Sea (1993)

Bathmann, U. V. ; Makarov, R. R. ; Spiridonov, V. A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Polar biology 13 (1993), S. 333-346

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ISSN: 1432-2056

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract During the Winter Weddell Gyre Study in September–October 1989, the horizontal and vertical distribution, stage composition and feeding condition of the three antarctic copepod species Calanoides acutus, Rhincalanus gigas and Calanus propinquus were studied. The data indicate that C. acutus and R. gigas have the bases of their distributional ranges (sensu Makarov et al. 1982) in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and in the Warm Deep Water (WDW) entering the Weddell Gyre (WG). C. propinquus lived mainly in the cold WG south of the ACC. C. acutus overwintered mainly in the WG as stage IV copepodites (C). The species mainly inhabited the layers below the Tℴmax stratum and down to 2000 m, but C V and females occurred slightly higher than C III and IV. Males prevailed over females and were confined to a rather narrow layer between 500 and 1000 m. Feeding experiments suggested all deep-living stages to be resting. However, if this species spawns in late autumn the younger C I–II can stay in the Winter Water (WW). R. gigas inhabited mainly the Tℴmax stratum. In the eastern part of the WG, R. gigas breed in the WDW in autumn and hibernate as C I–III and C V–VI in the first and second winter, respectively. In the ACC zone, however, its life cycle is different and winter breeding of overwintered adults occurs. Most of the C. propinquus population overwintered in the WG as C III–V, inhabiting the WW. In the upper water layers in the interior of the WG, C III dominated with upto 18,000 individuals 1,000 m3. Shallow living C. propinquus were in the active, feeding state. Persistence of active feeding zooplankton populations in the WW of the WG can be an important factor influencing processes of phytoplankton development and the particle flux.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238360

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Larvae of euphausiids off Queen Maud Land (1992)

Makarov, R. R. ; Menshenina, L. L.

Springer

Polar biology 11 (1992), S. 515-523

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ISSN: 1432-2056

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary In a March 1981 study of the Lazare Sea, a sector of the Southern Ocean along Queen Maud Land, Euphausia superba and Thysanoessa macrura larvae were abundant in the north and northwest part of the region near the frontal zone between the Weddell Warm Countercurrent (WWC) and Weddell Gyre, 5°W–15°E. Toward the south, E. superba and E. crystallorophias larvae were numerous in the frontal zone between the WWC and the Antarctic Coastal Current. Only T. macrura larvae occurred in the central part of the sea. The age composition of larvae was most advanced in T. macrura, probably due to the drift of larvae from the northwest. Because the ice cover diminishes later in the flow from the Weddell Gyre (northernmost area of the region) than in the south, E. superba larvae were younger in that oceanic subregion than near the shore. T. macrura larvae were sparse near the coast and an onshore-offshore age difference was not pronounced. Both frontal zones correspond to reproductive areas of E. superba and T. macrura. E. crystallorophias spawns only in the southern area.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237944

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Dominance of larval forms in euphausiid (Crustacea:Eucarida) ontogenesis (1974)

Makarov, R. R.

Springer

Marine biology 27 (1974), S. 93-99

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ISSN: 1432-1793

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Variability and dominance of Euphausia superba Dana larval forms (Furcilia-I and Furcilia-II stages) in the plankton of the Scotia and Weddell Seas have been investigated. New forms (1′, 2″, 3″ and 1″4′) have been recorded. The dominant forms of Furcilia-I stage are proposed to represent the initial dominants. In accordance with the initial dominance, five types of larval form combinations have been established. During the initial dominance change — from 5′ to 2′, the larval form number increases. This phenomenon is due to parallel development of euphauiid larvae; it results from a developmental pathway change in the main larval mass. Such deviations are reflected in an initial dominance change. In each pathway, the larvae pass through an unequal number of moults before reaching Form 5″ (in accordance with the proposed moult scheme of Furcilia-I stage larvae). In the case of initial dominance of less-developed forms, the presence of different parallel pathways increases. As a result, the total number of larval forms present in the plankton changes, causing increased variability of the total number of larval forms. Each type of larval form combination is the result of summation of all larval forms, which derive from different developmental pathways of the larvae in different localities. The most usual developmental pathway for Euphausia superba is through Form 5′, which may, thus, be regarded as the main developmental pathway for this species. This pathway probably corresponds to optimal environment conditions for larval growth and morphogenesis with maximal synchronisation of both processes. Consequently, it may be suggested that changes in developmental pathways of larvae are connected with suboptimal environmental conditions.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389061

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Larval distribution and reproductive ecology of Thysanoessa macrura (Crustacea: Euphausiacea) in the Scotia Sea (1979)

Makarov, R. R.

Springer

Marine biology 52 (1979), S. 377-386

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ISSN: 1432-1793

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract In the Scotia Sea, the larvae of Thysanoessa macrura G.O. Sars, 1885 were scarce in spring (September 27 to October 6, 1971) and mainly present at the Calyptopis I stage, while in summer (December 17, 1974 to January 3, 1975) they were much more abundant and much further developed (up to Furcilia VI). The spawning season commences as early as September and, as indicated by the presence of numerous nauplii and metanauplii in summer, is rather long. T. macrura begins to spawn much earlier in West-Wind-Drift waters than in waters of the Weddell Sea. It starts to spawn simultaneously with Euphausia frigida and E. triacantha, but significantly earlier than E. superba. These timings of the breeding process are related to differential biogeographical characteristics of these species. Plankton collections made at depths of 500 or 1000 m have, for T. macrura, revealed a “developmental ascent” analogous to that of E. superba. Ontogenetical deep-water migrations are, consequently, characteristic not only for E. superba, but also for other Antarctic euphausiids (in particular E. frigida, but possibly not for inshore E. crystallorophias) and, as correctly postulated by several other investigators, for all oceanic euphausiid species.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389079

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