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  • 1
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The composite structure of the mammalian skull, which forms predominantly via intramembranous ossification, requires precise pre- and post-natal growth regulation of individual calvarial elements. Disturbances of this process frequently cause severe clinical manifestations in humans. Enhanced ...
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Teeth ; Dental pulp ; Periodontium ; Neurofilament protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of nerve fibers in molars, periodontal ligament and gingiva of the rat shows a complex pattern. Decalcified material including the alveolar bone was sectioned in three different planes and stained by means of immunohistochemistry for detection of the neurofilament protein (NFP); the immunoreactive neural elements were clearly visualized in three-dimensional analyses. NFP-positive nerve fibers formed a subodontoblastic plexus in the roof area of the dental pulp; some of them entered the predentin and dentin directly through the dentinal tubules. This penetration was found mainly in the pulp horn, and was limited to a distance of about 100 μm from the pulpo-dentinal junction. In the periodontal ligament, NFP-positive nerve fibers were found densely distributed in the lower half of the alveolar socket. Two types of nerve terminals were recognized in the periodontal ligament: free nerve endings with tree-like ramifications, and expanded nerve terminals showing button- or glove-like shapes. The former tapered among the periodontal fibers, some even reaching the cementoblastic layer. The latter were located, frequently in groups, within the ligament restricted to the lower third of the alveolar socket. A well-developed plexus of NFP-positive nerves was revealed in the lamina propria of the free gingiva, the innervation being denser toward the epithelium of the gingival crevice. The characteristic distribution of NFP-immunoreactive nerve fibers revealed in this study is discussed in relation to region-specific sensations in the teeth and surrounding tissues.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Periodontal ligament ; Incisor ; Neurofilament protein ; S-100 protein ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nervous elements in the periodontal ligament and dental pulp of rat incisors were investigated by means of immunohistochemistry for neurofilament protein (NFP) and glia-specific S-100 protein. The periodontal ligament in the incisors was densely innervated by NFP-immunoreactive nerve fibers; the distribution of the nerve fibers and their terminations differed markedly from those in molars. NFP-positive, thick nerve bundles entered the lingual periodontal ligament through slits located in the mid-region of the alveolar socket, and immediately formed numerous Ruffini-like corpuscles. In the labial periodontal ligament, all of the NFP-immunoreactive nerve fibers terminated in free endings. The restricted location of the stretch receptor, Ruffini-like corpuscle, in the lingual periodontal ligament appears to be an essential element, because this region is regularly extended during mastication. The nervous elements were restricted to the alveolar half of the periodontal ligament in every region; they avoided the dental half of the periodontal ligament, which presumably moves continuously with the tooth. Pulpal nerve fibers in incisors also showed a characteristic distribution different from those in molars; individual nerve fibers with beaded structures ran in the center of the pulp toward the incisai edge, and did not form the subodontoblastic nerve plexus of Raschkow. Immunostaining for S-100 protein revealed a distribution pattern of nervous elements similar to that for NFP, suggesting that the nerves supplying the periodontal ligament and dental pulp were mostly covered by a Schwann sheath.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Class II MHC-positive cells Dental pulp ED1 OX6 PAS reaction PGP 9.5 Tooth replantation Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Responses of immunocompetent cells to tooth replantation during the regeneration process of the dental pulp in rat molars were investigated by immunocytochemistry using antibodies to class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (OX6 antibody), monocyte/macrophage lineage cells (ED1 antibody) and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), as well as by histochemical reaction for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Tooth replantation caused an increase in both the number of OX6- and ED1-positive cells and their immunointensity in the replanted pulp, but almost all PGP 9.5-immunoreactive nerves diminished in the initial stages. By postoperative day 3, many OX6- and ED1-immunopositive cells had accumulated along the pulp-dentin border to extend their cytoplasmic processes into the dentinal tubules in successful cases. Once reparative dentin formation had begun after postoperative day 7, OX6- and ED1-immmunopositive cells became scattered in the odontoblast layer, while reinnervation was found in the coronal pulp. The temporal appearance of these immunocompetent cells at the pulp-dentin border suggests their participation in odontoblast differentiation as well as in initial defense reactions during the pulpal regeneration process. On postoperative day 14, the replanted pulp showed three regeneration patterns: (1) reparative dentin, (2) bone-like tissue formation, and (3) an intermediate form between these. In all cases, PAS-reactive cells such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PML) and mesenchymal cells occurred in the pulp space. However, the prolonged stagnation of inflammatory cells was also discernible in the latter two cases. Thus, the findings on PAS reaction suggest that the migration of the dental follicle-derived cells into the pulp space and the subsequent total death of the proper pulpal cells are decisive factors for eliciting bone-like tissue formation in the replanted pulp.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunohistochemistry ; Neurofilament protein ; Sensory nerves ; Dentin ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemistry by use of an antiserum against neurofilament protein (NFP) was applied for staining nerve fibers in the predentin and dentin of human third molars. By devising methods for fixation, decalcification and immunostaining, nerve fibers were clearly and specifically demonstrated in thick (more than 50 μm) sections of teeth. Numerous NFP-positive fibers were distributed in the predentin throughout the coronal region, while a few positive fibers penetrated only a short distance into the dentin. The NFP-positive nerve fibers in the predentin took transverse and complicated courses across, rather than penetrating longitudinally through, the dentinal tubules. Pain sensation in the teeth might be attributable to these complex nerve fibers showing two or three-dimensional extensions.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lingual filiform papilla ; Sensory apparatus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurofilament protein ; S-100 protein ; Cattle ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nervous elements supplying the filiform papillae of the tongue of cattle and rats were investigated using immunohistochemistry against neurofilament protein (NFP) and glia-specific S-100 protein. The rod-shaped bovine filiform papillae were heavily keratinized along their entire length and lacked the connective tissue core that occurs in other mammals. Instead, the core was located posterior to the filiform papilla. The base of the bovine filiform papillae was invaded vertically by laminar connective tissue papillae. The core contained a large number of NFP-positive nerve fibers, most of them terminating as free endings in its anterior margin. NFP-positive nerves gathered around the anterior ridge of the epithelium at the base of the core and occasionally penetrated into the epithelium. The laminar connective tissue papillae at the base of the filiform papilla also contained NFP-positive nerve fibers. The core contained S-100-immunoreactive lamellated corpuscles, which were identified as “simple corpuscles” in electron micrographs. The structure and innervation of the bovine filiform papilla suggest that they represent a specialized sensory apparatus. The pyramidal filiform papillae of the rat were smaller, each containing a simple connective tissue core. Few NFP-positive nerve fibers from the nerve plexus entered the core. Filiform papillae are thus less specialized in rats than in cattle.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 151-158 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Class II MHC-positive cells ; Human leukocyte antigen-DR ; Dental pulp ; Dendritic cells ; Macrophages ; Ultrastructure ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution and ultrastructure of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-positive cells were investigated in human dental pulp, employing immunohistochemistry using an anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR-monoclonal antibody. HLA-DR-immunopositive cells, appearing spindle-like or dendritic in profile, were densely distributed throughout the dental pulp. Under the electron microscope, these cells exhibited various sizes of vesicles containing clear or opaque contents, multivesicular bodies and characteristic fine tubulovesicular structures in their cytoplasm. Some reactive cells possessed coated pits and vesicles including electron-dense materials, indicating an active endocytosis. At the periphery of the pulp tissue, the HLA-DR-immunopositive cells were predominantly situated in the subodontoblastic layer, with some located in the odontoblast layer and/or predentin and extending their cytoplasmic processes into the dentinal tubules. Cell processes of these cells occasionally made contact with several odontoblast processes in the same way as the nerve fibers in the predentin. These cells never contained the typical phagosomes frequently observed in the HLA-DR-immunoreactive macrophages in the subodontoblastic layer and the pulp core. The results suggest that the HLA-DR-immunopositive cells in the odontoblast layer and/or predentin have some regulatory function on the odontoblasts under physiological conditions, in addition to their involvement in the initial defense reaction after tooth injury.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Hunter-Schreger bands ; Enamel prisms ; Computer-assisted reconstruction ; Tooth ; Dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The three-dimensional architecture of enamel prisms and their relationship to Hunter-Schreger bands were examined in the developing enamel of several dog teeth by light and electron microscopy, and computer-assisted reconstruction. Sections were prepared from a single demineralized tooth germ. Longitudinal semithin sections parallel to the meridian of the tooth showed parazones and diazones of the Hunter-Schreger bands in alternate rows at equal intervals. On sections vertical to the tooth crown through the middle region of parazone or diazone, a row of parallel prisms were angulated with the largest tilting angle being 55° to the enamel-dentin junction, running in opposite directions in the respective zones. Tangential sections parallel to the enamel-dentin junction showed numerous belt-like zones arranged perpendicular to the meridian of the tooth. Each belt-like zone consisted of a group of enamel prisms oriented in the same direction, those in the neighboring zones being oriented in an opposite direction. The densely stained boundaries between the adjacent belt-like zones corresponded to the interface between parazone and diazone. Computer-reconstructed enamel prisms in the adjacent two zones were oriented in the opposite sidewards direction with occasional confluence and divergence. Scanning electron-microscopic observation of the developing enamel surface exposed by dissolution of the enamel organ revealed band-like arrangements of groups of pits encasing the Tomes’ processes of secretory ameloblasts. The secretory faces of the pits inclined uniformly in the same sidewards direction, with those in the neighboring groups, in the opposite direction.
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  • 9
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