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  • 1
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    Precisely localized LTD in the neocortex revealed by infrared-guided laser stimulation (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-10-03
    Description: In a direct approach to elucidate the origin of long-term depression (LTD), glutamate was applied onto dendrites of neurons in rat neocortical slices. An infrared-guided laser stimulation was used to release glutamate from caged glutamate in the focal spot of an ultraviolet laser. A burst of light flashes caused an LTD-like depression of glutamate receptor responses, which was highly confined to the region of "tetanic" stimulation (〈10 micrometers). A similar depression of glutamate receptor responses was observed during LTD of synaptic transmission. A spatially highly specific postsynaptic mechanism can account for the LTD induced by glutamate release.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dodt, H -- Eder, M -- Frick, A -- Zieglgansberger, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 1;286(5437):110-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2, 80804 Munich, Germany. dodt@mpipsykl.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10506556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dizocilpine Maleate/pharmacology ; Electric Stimulation ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Glutamates/pharmacology ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Infrared Rays ; Lasers ; Microscopy, Video ; Neocortex/cytology/*physiology ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Photolysis ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Glutamate/*metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    CB1 cannabinoid receptors and on-demand defense against excitotoxicity (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: Abnormally high spiking activity can damage neurons. Signaling systems to protect neurons from the consequences of abnormal discharge activity have been postulated. We generated conditional mutant mice that lack expression of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 in principal forebrain neurons but not in adjacent inhibitory interneurons. In mutant mice,the excitotoxin kainic acid (KA) induced excessive seizures in vivo. The threshold to KA-induced neuronal excitation in vitro was severely reduced in hippocampal pyramidal neurons of mutants. KA administration rapidly raised hippocampal levels of anandamide and induced protective mechanisms in wild-type principal hippocampal neurons. These protective mechanisms could not be triggered in mutant mice. The endogenous cannabinoid system thus provides on-demand protection against acute excitotoxicity in central nervous system neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marsicano, Giovanni -- Goodenough, Sharon -- Monory, Krisztina -- Hermann, Heike -- Eder, Matthias -- Cannich, Astrid -- Azad, Shahnaz C -- Cascio, Maria Grazia -- Gutierrez, Silvia Ortega -- van der Stelt, Mario -- Lopez-Rodriguez, Maria Luz -- Casanova, Emilio -- Schutz, Gunther -- Zieglgansberger, Walter -- Di Marzo, Vincenzo -- Behl, Christian -- Lutz, Beat -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):84-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Genetics of Behaviour, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrabetae 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526074" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Brain/drug effects/*metabolism ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics/metabolism ; Cannabinoids/*metabolism ; Endocannabinoids ; Epilepsy/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/pharmacology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Furans/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Genes, Immediate-Early ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Glycerides/metabolism ; Hippocampus/drug effects/metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kainic Acid/pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Mutation ; Neurons/drug effects/*metabolism/physiology ; Neuroprotective Agents/metabolism ; Piperidines/pharmacology ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides ; Prosencephalon/drug effects/metabolism ; Pyrazoles/pharmacology ; Receptors, Cannabinoid ; Receptors, Drug/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurons mediate anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects of CRHR1 (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: The corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) critically controls behavioral adaptation to stress and is causally linked to emotional disorders. Using neurochemical and genetic tools, we determined that CRHR1 is expressed in forebrain glutamatergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing (GABAergic) neurons as well as in midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Via specific CRHR1 deletions in glutamatergic, GABAergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic cells, we found that the lack of CRHR1 in forebrain glutamatergic circuits reduces anxiety and impairs neurotransmission in the amygdala and hippocampus. Selective deletion of CRHR1 in midbrain dopaminergic neurons increases anxiety-like behavior and reduces dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex. These results define a bidirectional model for the role of CRHR1 in anxiety and suggest that an imbalance between CRHR1-controlled anxiogenic glutamatergic and anxiolytic dopaminergic systems might lead to emotional disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Refojo, Damian -- Schweizer, Martin -- Kuehne, Claudia -- Ehrenberg, Stefanie -- Thoeringer, Christoph -- Vogl, Annette M -- Dedic, Nina -- Schumacher, Marion -- von Wolff, Gregor -- Avrabos, Charilaos -- Touma, Chadi -- Engblom, David -- Schutz, Gunther -- Nave, Klaus-Armin -- Eder, Matthias -- Wotjak, Carsten T -- Sillaber, Inge -- Holsboer, Florian -- Wurst, Wolfgang -- Deussing, Jan M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Sep 30;333(6051):1903-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1202107. Epub 2011 Sep 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21885734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/metabolism ; Animals ; *Anxiety ; Behavior, Animal ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Fear ; Glutamic Acid/*metabolism ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Male ; Memory ; Mesencephalon ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Motor Activity ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism ; Prosencephalon/cytology/metabolism ; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission ; Ventral Tegmental Area/metabolism ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Integration of properties of virtual reality, artificial neural networks, and artificial intelligence in the automation of software tests: A review (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-27
    Print ISSN: 2047-7473
    Electronic ISSN: 2047-7481
    Topics: Computer Science
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake and subcellular distribution of injected transferrin in rat liver
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Cell Research 968 (1988), S. 331-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4889
    Keywords: (Rat liver) ; Endosomes ; Subcellular fractionation ; Transferrin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-4889(88)90024-9
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of TiO2 on the kinetics of polyamide 6 crystallization (1983)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 261 (1983), S. 621-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polyamide 6 ; crystallisation ; kinetics ; titania
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization of polyamide-6 (PA6) containing titania was studied by means of DSC. It was found thatTiO 2 causes an acceleration in the crystallization of polyamide-6 and lowers the value of the Avrami exponent,n. The presence of TiO2 does not affect equilibrium melting pointT m 0 , glass temperatureT g, or surface free energiesσ e andσ of the basal and lateral surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01415030
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesen von Heterocyclen, 149. Mitt.: Über Reaktionen mit cyclischen Oxalylverbindungen, 3. Mitt. (1970)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 101 (1970), S. 1597-1605 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Propiophenone-N, N-diphenylhydrazone reacts with oxalyl chloride to give 1-diphenylamino-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyrrole-2,3-dione (1), which is isomerized at 130–140° yielding 2,3-dioxo-8, 8a-diphenyl-1, 2, 3, 3a, 8, 8a-hexahydro-3a-methyl-pyrrolo[2,3-b]indole (2). Butyrophenone-N, N-diphenylhydrazone and propiophenone-N-methyl-N-phenyl-hydrazone react in a similar way.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Propiophenon-N, N-diphenylhydrazon reagiert mit Oxalylchlorid zum 1-Diphenylamino-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyrrol-2,3-dion (1), welches sich beim Erhitzen auf 130–140° zum 2,3-Dioxo-8,8a-diphenyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro-3a-methyl-pyrrolo[2,3-b]indol (2) isomerisiert. Analog verhalten sich Butyrophenon-N, N-diphenylhydrazon und Propiophenon-N-methyl-N-phenyl-hydrazon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01152071
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesen von Heterocyclen, 103. Mitt.: Über Reaktionen mit Oxalylchlorid (Kurze Mitteilung) (1967)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 98 (1967), S. 2249-2251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00902421
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesen von Heterocyclen, 105. Mitt.: Über Synthesen mit Kohlensuboxid (1967)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 98 (1967), S. 2431-2436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The reaction of carbon suboxide with benzoyl acetone (1) and 5-acetyl-4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-pyron-(2) (2) and 5-benzoyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyron-(2) (3) yields the pyrono-pyrones4, 5 and6.
    Notes: Abstract Die bei der Einwirkung von Kohlensuboxid auf Benzoylaceton sowie auf 4-Hydroxy-5-acetyl-6-phenyl-pyron-(2) (2) und 4-Hydroxy-5-benzoyl-6-methyl-pyron-(2) (3) entstehenden Produkte werden als Pyrono-pyrone (4, 5 und6) erkannt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00902444
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beeinflussung des Generationszyklus und seiner Teilphasen bei Ehrlich-Aszitestumoren verschiedener Ploidie durch Cyclophosphamid (1969)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 25 (1969), S. 526-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of the alkylizing agent cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg i.p.) on the cell cycle of the diploid (EAT dipl.) and hypertetraploid (ELT) Ehrlich ascites tumor growing in the peritoneal cavity of male NMRI-mice has been studied by autoradiography with H3- and C14-thymidine (double labelling technique and method of labelled mitoses). The results suggest that the proliferation kinetics of tumor cells after administration of cyclophosphamide is dependent essentially on the type of tumor strain tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01900801
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