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  • 1
    Call number: SR 90.1036(12)
    In: Boletín
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 42 S.
    Series Statement: Boletin / Instituto de Investigaciones Geológicas, Chile 12
    Language: Spanish
    Location: Lower compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 59 (1970), S. 994-1013 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The burial metamorphism of the Andean geosynclinal deposits of Central Chile is studied. The stratigraphic units under consideration, Lower Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous and/or Lower Tertiary in age, have an accumulated thickness of 15,000 to 28,000 m, cover an area of nearly 2,500 km2, and consist predominantly of basic and acid lavas, ignimbrites and volcanic-clastic sediments, deposited in marine and continental environments. Unconformities break up the sequence into several stratigraphic-structural units. A specific burial metamorphic pattern, or series, characterizes each of the units. Each series consists of a succession of mineral assemblages, the metamorphic grade increasing downwards. The isograds are essentially parallel to the bedding planes. The grade range in each series covers different intervals between the zeolite and greenschist facies. Each unconformity corresponds to a mineralogie break in the alteration, higher grade assemblages generally overlying lower grade assemblages. The downward increase in metamorphic grade as well as the mineralogie breaks seem to be unrelated to the volcanic versus sedimentary character and to the continental versus marine depositional environment of the rocks. The repeated pattern of burial metamorphism between unconformities suggests a history consisting of several burial metamorphic episodes, each taking place prior to a folding period and leaving unaffected the underlying units, which were apparently sealed up by the previous episode. This mechanism provides an explaination for the presence of such low-grade burial metamorphic facies at the bottom of a stratigraphic column as thick as that of the Andean Geosyncline.
    Abstract: Resumen En este trabajo se describe el metamorfismo de sepultamiento en los depósitos del Geosinclinal Andino. Las unidades estratigráficas estudiadas son de edad jurásica inferior a cretácica superior y/o terciaria inferior, tienen un espesor acumulado de 15.000 a 28.000 m, cubren un area de aproximadamente 2.500 km2 y consisten predominantemente de lavas básicas y ácidas, ignimbritas y rocas sedimentario-volcánicas, depositadas en ambiente marino y continental. Cada una de las unidades estratigráficas está caracterizada por una serie metamórfica de sepultamiento específica. Cada serie consiste de una sucesión de asociaciones minerales con un grado de metamorfismo que aumenta hacia abajo. Las isogradas son esencialmente paralelas a los planos de estratificación. El rango de grado metamórfico de cada serie abarca diferentes intervalos entre las facies de zeolita y esquistos verdes. Cada discordancia corresponde a una discontinuidad mineralógica en la alteración en la que generalmente las asociaciones de mayor grado metamórfico cubren asociaciones de menor grado. El aumento de grado hacia abajo, lo mismo que las discontinuidades mineralógicas, parecen ser independientes tanto del carácter sedimentario o volcánico como del ambiente continental o marino de la depositación. La repetición de series metamórficas de sepultamiento entre discordancias, indica varios episodios metamórficos, cada uno de ellos anterior al plegamiento de la unidad afectada; al mismo tiempo, cada episodio metamórfico dejó sin afectar las unidades subyacentes, las que aparentemente habrían sido selladas por el episodio anterior. Este mecanismo explicaría la presencia de una facies metamórfica tan baja como la que existe en el fondo de una columna estratigráfica tan potente como la del Geosinclinal Andino.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Auswirkungen der Versenkungsmetamorphose auf die Ablagerungen der andinen Geosynklinale in Mittel-Chile wurden untersucht. Die betrachteten stratigraphischen Einheiten, unterer Jura bis obere Kreide und/oder unteres Tertiär, haben eine kumulative Mächtigkeit von 15 000 bis 28 000 m; sie bedecken ein Gebiet von fast 2500 km2 und bestehen in der Hauptsache aus basischen und sauren Laven, Ignimbriten und vulkanoklastischen Sedimenten, die unter marinen und kontinentalen Bedingungen abgelagert wurden. Diskordanzen unterteilen die Abfolge in mehrere stratigraphisch-strukturelle Einheiten. Jede Einheit ist in einer besonderen, für die Versenkungsmetamorphose typischen Abfolge von Mineralgesellschaften geprägt. Der Grad der Metamorphose steigt mit zunehmender Tiefe. Die Isograden verlaufen im wesentlichen parallel zu den Schichtflächen. Die Bandbreite jeder der metamorphen Mineralgesellschaften bedeckt verschiedene Intervalle zwischen der Zeolith- und Grünschiefer-Fazies. Jeder Diskordanz entspricht auch ein Sprung in der mineralogischen Zusammensetzung, wobei die höhergradigen Mineralgesellschaften in der Regel die tiefergradigen überlagern. Der mit der Tiefe zunehmende Grad der Metamorphose und die Sprünge in der mineralogischen Zusammensetzung scheinen von dem vulkanischen bzw. sedimentären Charakter der Gesteine ebenso unabhängig zu sein wie von deren marinen bzw. kontinentalen Bildungsbedingungen. Die sich wiederholenden Muster der Versenkungsmetamorphose zwischen den Diskordanzen lassen vermuten, daß mehrere Metamorphosen stattfanden, wobei jede einzelne Umwandlung vor einer Faltungsperiode ablief und die unterlagernden Einheiten unverändert ließ, die anscheinend durch die vorangegangene Metamorphose versiegelt wurden. Dieser Mechanismus liefert eine Erklärung für die niedriggradigen Fazies der Versenkungsmetamorphose im Liegenden einer so mächtigen stratigraphischen Abfolge wie der der andinen Geosynklinale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 83 (1983), S. 358-362 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Veins and other effects of low-grade metamorphism are often found in igneous rocks. A method for dating such veins is proposed. It is based on the presence of Ca-bearing, Rb-free minerals in the veins and their aureoles. The method is applicable if five conditions are satisfied. The effects of low-grade metamorphism on Rb-Sr dating of the emplacement (extrusion) age are also studied. Veins and their aureoles in granitoid rocks from Central Sweden are used as a working example. Two groups of vein ages were found, 1600-1500 Ma and 1250-1100 Ma, which coincide with the two known periods of tensional movements in the region. The ratio 87Sr/86Sr in the aureoles and their neighbourhood at the time of vein formation (Sr(a)) shows several different patterns. One with constant Sr(a), independent of the distance to the vein, indicates complete homogenization at the time of alteration. Another shows an increase in Sr(a) close to the vein, indicating that it was rejuvenated. Furthermore, the Sr ratio might determine whether an alteration effect could be of deuteric origin or not: deuteric effects should be characterized by a Sr(a) value equal to the initial Sr-isotope ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 66 (1978), S. 361-366 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Stratigraphical-structural units separated by regional unconformities in the Andes of Peru and Chile, display a pattern of low grade burial metamorphism. Each stratigraphical-structural unit shows a particular facies series covering part or all the range between the zeolite and the greenschist facies. These facies series were episodically generated as part of the geological evolution of each unit prior to its own folding. Mineralogical breaks are found to coincide with the regional unconformities and often cases of higher grade assemblages on top of lower grade ones occur. This pattern may be explained by a process of “ sealing” of each unit after its particular metamorphic episode took place. Porosity and permeability conditioning P f, as demonstrated for individual lava flows, are the significant controlling factors in the production of the metamorphic assemblages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Partial spilitization of a 9 km thick pile of flood basalts with highly vesicular flow tops gave rise to patterns of secondary mineralogy at different scales: (a) a local pattern of mineralogical variation from the almost unaltered bottom towards the altered top of each flow, and (b) an overall pattern, comparing flow tops throughout the pile, with changes in mineralogical composition within a sequence of metamorphic zones and facies. The local patterns mimic the trend of the overall pattern, but are of opposite direction and telescoped. Thus, a gradual ordering and Andepletion of the secondary “albite” and increases in the Fe*/Al ratio of epidote and pumpellyite upwards within individual flows are comparable in range to corresponding overall changes downwards throughout several kilometres. The mineralogical changes within the flows diminish in range towards the more altered deeper part of the pile. The local and overall patterns cannot be interpreted in terms of grade. They represent trends from metastable towards stable equilibrium, this latter only approached in the flow tops of the lower part of the pile. The patterns of secondary mineralogy were formed by an interplay of metamorphic gradients at different scales at any given time, and as burial proceeded. The overall pattern was caused by depth-controlled gradients: increasing P fluid, temperature and temperature-induced increase of reaction rates, and decreasing fO2 (downwards in the pile). The local patterns resulted from permeability-controlled gradients: increasing reaction rates, fO2 and contrast in chemical activity between different domains, and decreasing P fluid (upwards in each flow). The mineralogical observations reported in this paper fall into line if the overall temperature-induced increase of reaction rates and the local permeability-controlled rate factors played the leading role during burial metamorphism of the pile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1982-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0010-7999
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0967
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1978-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0010-7999
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0967
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1983-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0010-7999
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0967
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1995-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7606
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2003-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7606
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
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