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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) are developing into fundamental tools for tackling the grand challenges in volcanology; here, we review the systems used and their diverse applications. UAS can typically provide image and topographic data at two orders of magnitude better spatial resolution than space-based remote sensing, and close-range observations at temporal resolutions down to those of video frame rates. Responsive deployments facilitate dense time-series measurements, unique opportunities for geophysical surveys, sample collection from hostile environments such as volcanic plumes and crater lakes, and emergency deployment of ground-based sensors (and robots) into hazardous regions. UAS have already been used to support hazard management and decision-makers during eruptive crises. As technologies advance, increasing system capabilities, autonomy and availability, supported by more diverse and lighter-weight sensors, will offer unparalleled potential for hazard monitoring. UAS will provide opportunities for pivotal advances in our understanding of complex physical and chemical volcanic processes.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-07-04
    Description: Volcanic eruptions pose a major threat to many communities around the world. Yet openly accessible, real-time, multi-parameter data are available only for a few volcanic systems. While efforts are made to tackle the significant logistical and financial challenges involved with improving instrumentation at remote systems, it is important to also ensure a robust and easy-to-implement pathway from the point of acquisition to public repositories. An effective stream of multi-parameter observations from active volcanoes will drive the development of the next generation of physics- and data-based eruption forecast models. Here we report the development and field testing of a multi-parameter, real-time, open-data volcano monitoring system through our collaborative project AVERT: Anticipating Volcanic Eruptions in Real-Time. The AVERT system has been deployed on Cleveland (open-vent) and Okmok (closed system) volcanoes—situated in the remote Aleutian arc—in partnership with the Alaska Volcano Observatory. Novel instruments, e.g. continuous fluxgate magnetometers, synchronised visible and infrared cameras, and soil probes for temperature and CO2 flux, were installed in addition to seismic, GNSS, and gas sensors. A low-power single-board computer coordinates data archiving and telemetry—via radio and various satellite pathways—at each node in the network. In-situ analysis of data facilitates optimised data telemetry and lower latency detections of changes in the state of volcanic unrest. The small form factor, modular design of the system enables rapid deployment and straightforward incorporation of a wide variety of instruments into the data telemetry system. Design plans and software will be available to the community following successful proof-of-concept testing.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 3
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    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Publication Date: 2023-07-03
    Description: Forecasting the impact of active or future volcanic eruptions and correctly interpreting the remnants of past eruptions requires access to models of eruptive processes. The volcano modeling community recognizes a need for more equitable access to robust, verified, validated, and easy-to-use models. To answer this need, we are building VICTOR (Volcanology Infrastructure for Collaboration, Tools, and Resources), a new cyberinfrastructure for the volcano modeling community. VICTOR is connected with national efforts including CONVERSE and SZ4D’s Modelling Collaboratory for Subduction (MCS). To ensure continuity of service for our community, during the transition to VICTOR, the existing Vhub.org platform is still available inside a separately supported new ghub.org.We formed a collaboration with a non-profit organization (2i2c, part of Code for Science and Society) that manages VICTOR’s back end in the form of a JupyterHub placed in the cloud. We are now developing jupyter notebooks for the hub, that call existing volcano models such as the lava flow codes MOLASSES, IMEX_lava and pyFLOWGo, the tephra dispersal codes Tephra2 and HYSPLIT, and the mass flow code TITAN2D.VICTOR will not only provide access to the modeling tool themselves, but also to workflows that utilize these forward models for inversion, benchmarking, and uncertainty quantification. For example, we are developing a workflow to validate mass flow models using the Jaccard fit, model sensitivity, and model precision metrics, all related to Bayes’ theorem. Lastly, we taught a graduate, multi-institutional course on volcanic hazard modeling using VICTOR in Spring 2023 and are creating multilingual tutorials for the workflows.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 8 (1979), S. 161-170 
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The serologically defined H-2.5 specificity was tested on spleen cells and red blood cells (RBC) of theH-2 b haplotype and a number of its mutants. Thebm8 (bh) mutant was barely distinguishable fromb in a variety of tests made. On spleen cells ofbm1 (ba) the H-2.5 specificity seemed to be unchanged, while it was virtually absent from RBC of this mutant. Mutantsbm4 (bf),bm5 (bg1), andbm6 (bg2) were similar tobm1, with slight differences between them. The mutantbm3 (bd) retained an unchanged quantity of H-2.5 on its spleen cells, while the specificity was substantially increased on its RBC. The H-2.5 ofbm3 is not identical to that ofH-2 a . Possible mechanisms causing differential serology of theH-2 b mutants are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Glass and ceramics 24 (1967), S. 665-667 
    ISSN: 1573-8515
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Glass and ceramics 18 (1961), S. 113-115 
    ISSN: 1573-8515
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 22 (1984), S. 805-826 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The orientational drawing of polymers is known to be terminated because of sample rupture. The limiting draw ratio λlim reached may be different (either large or small) depending on the polymer and the actual drawing conditions. The purpose of the present work is to identify the change of supermolecular structure of polymer fibers which results in the termination of orientational drawing. Small-and wide-angle x-ray diffraction were used to study the variation of geometrical parameters of this structure with increasing draw ratio λ. The geometrical parameters discussed are the dispersions (fluctuation) of long periods and of longitudinal sizes of crystalline as well as amorphous regions. In this study we used fibers of poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(ε-caprolactam), polyoxymethylene, and poly(4,4′-diphenyloxide) pyromellitimide. It is found that the long period dispersion of these polymers, drawn under different conditions, increases to approximately the same value for different samples drawn to the limit, this relative standard deviation δL of long periods being 0.30-0.40. It is also found that the crystallite size dispersion does not increase with increasing λ; the increase of λL is due to increasing dispersion of the amorphous region lengths. For poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers drawn to the limit under different conditions and which have different λlim, the relative standard deviation of the sizes of amorphous regions δA turned out to be about the same (ca. 0.60). The latter evidence gives grounds to suggest that the rupture of polymers under drawing is associated with reaching a high degree of amorphous region size dispersion. In those regions which are considerably below the average size there probably will appear local overstress and molecular ruptures because the relative deformation of these regions is much larger than that of the adjacent regions in the cross section of the sample.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2002-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0743-7463
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5827
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2003-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0743-7463
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5827
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2000-09-01
    Print ISSN: 1525-7797
    Electronic ISSN: 1526-4602
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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