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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 4942-4947 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We investigated highly predissociative transitions D 2Π–B 2Σ−(0-0) of CH in an oxyacetylene flame with two-color resonant four-wave mixing, in which two grating beams are in resonance with the D–B transition and the pump (and signal) beam is resonant with a selected B–X transition. A total of 86 predissociative lines in six branches are observed, corresponding to excitation of the D state up to N′=16; in previous experiments lines up to only N′=6 were observed. Observed rovibronic transitions of the D–B(0-0) band are fitted to known Hamiltonians to yield improved spectral parameters of the D 2Π (v=0) state. The parameters for centrifugal distortion (D,H) and Λ doubling (p,q,qD) of the D 2Π (v=0) state are deduced for the first time. The predissociative line width is about 2 cm−1 for the rotational level with N′=1 and it gradually increases with N′; for N′=15 the width is about 7 cm−1. Predissociation mechanisms of the D 2Π state are discussed. A barrier height ∼5600 cm−1 for the D state is estimated based on observed predissociative lifetimes. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 108 (1998), S. 6197-6204 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoionization-efficiency (PIE) spectra in the wavelength range 110–140 nm were measured for products of the reaction system Cl/Cl2/H2S in a discharge-flow reactor coupled to a photoionization mass spectrometer employing a synchrotron as source of radiation. According to PIE spectra of HSCl, HSSSH, SSCl, and HSSCl, obtained for the first time, the ionization energies (IE) derived are (9.887±0.016), ≤9.09, (9.04±0.03), and (9.266±0.014) eV, respectively. Ab initio calculations of these IE with the GAUSSIAN-2 method agree well with experimental results. Other products observed in the system include S2, HSSH, S3, and SCl2. Their PIE spectra and IE were also measured; in some cases discrepancies with previous reports are found. The formation mechanism of the observed products is discussed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 9233-9241 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We measured time-resolved vibration–rotational emission of HF (Hartree–Fock) at various intervals (5–500 μs) after photolysis of 1,1-difluoroethene (CH2CF2) at 298 K with an excimer laser at 193 nm by means of a step-scan Fourier-transform spectrometer. Emission of HF(v) with 1≤v≤5 was observed, with intensity maxima at varied intervals after photolysis. Temporal profiles of HF(v) fit satisfactorily with a kinetic model consisting of nascent production of HF(v) followed by quenching of HF(v) by parent molecules. Measurements of rates of quenching at varied partial pressure of CH2CF2 yield bimolecular rate coefficients of quenching of HF(v) by CH2CF2:kqvII/10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1=1.07±0.10, 2.95±0.22, 13.5±0.9, and 45.2±4.1 for v=1–4; listed errors represent one standard deviation. The nascent vibrational distribution of HF is (0.365±0.014):(0.255±0.017):(0.177±0.015):(0.134±0.014):(0.069±0.012) for v=1–5, respectively, consistent with previous results. By adding Cl2 into the system, we observed weak emission of HCl(v), 1≤v≤4, upon photolysis at 193 nm. Such observation indicates that production of H, followed by reaction of H with Cl2 to form HCl(v) takes place as a minor channel. Incorporation of this H-elimination channel into the kinetic model yields a branching ratio of 0.10±0.03 relative to the HF-elimination channel. Bimolecular rate coefficients of quenching of HCl(v) by CH2CF2 and vibrational distribution of HCl from the reaction H+Cl2 are also determined. The F-elimination channel was not observed; estimated upper limit for the branching ratio is 2%. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 6499-6502 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A system to measure time-resolved Fourier-transform infrared absorption spectra of gaseous samples using a commercial step-scan spectrometer is described. To increase the signal intensity, the incident infrared light is multipassed within a White cell. Light from a photolysis laser passes through the reaction cell to initiate the reaction in the flowing gaseous sample. The variation of absorbance is obtained from the ac-coupled signal whereas phase information and a reference spectrum are from the dc-coupled signal. The system is tested by probing the temporal evolution of HCl(v) in the chain reaction of H2 and Cl2 initiated by photolysis at 355 nm. Time-resolved absorption spectra of HCl(v=0–2) were obtained with spectral resolution 0.75 cm−1 and intervals down to 5 μs. Kinetic modeling of deduced temporal profiles of HCl(v=0–2) yields rate coefficients of (1.38±0.04)×10−14 and (5.8±0.4)×10−15 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 (in which error limits represent only the uncertainty of the fit) for reactions Cl+H2→HCl(v=0)+H and Cl+H2→HCl(v=1)+H, respectively; the total rate coefficient is in agreement with previous kinetic measurements. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 10446-10455 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two isomers of N2O3, asym-N2O3 and sym-N2O3, are identified with infared (IR) absorption when mixtures of NO–NO2–Ar or NO–O2–Ar are deposited onto a target at 13 K. Upon irradiation with a XeCl excimer laser at 308 nm, asym-N2O3 is converted to sym-N2O3 and a new form of N2O3, trans-cis N2O3; the latter is readily converted to sym-N2O3 upon further irradiation with red light. Assignments of IR absorption lines to each conformer in its isotopic variants are based on 18O-isotopic substitution and photoconversion experiments. For asym-N2O3, we observed 18O-isotopic shifts of a few vibrational modes previously unresolved in a N2 matrix, confirming that O-atoms in the NO2 moiety are inequivalent. For sym-N2O3, a more nearly complete set of isotopic shifts for absorption lines at 1688.6, 971.0, and 704.6 cm−1 enables us to provide refined assignments. In addition, lines at 1722.5 and 1721.1 cm−1 are assigned to symmetric stretching modes of two terminal N(Double Bond)O groups of 18ON16ON16O and 18ON18ON16O; they gain IR activity because C2V symmetry is broken. Trans-cis N2O3 with an asymmetric ONONO structure is identified with absorption lines at 1704.5, 1665.7, 877.8, and 243.0 cm−1. Isotopic experiments indicate that this species contains two nearly isolated N(Double Bond)O groups. Spectral assignments are supported by theoretical calculations with density-functional theories (BLYP and B3LYP); previous assignments of low-energy vibrational modes of asym-N2O3 and sym-N2O3 are revised based on comparison with calculations. Photoconversion among these isomers is discussed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 978-987 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dispersed laser-induced fluorescence of the A˜ 2A2→X˜ 2B1 transition of OClO in solid Ne in the spectral range 500–770 nm was recorded when the origin at 20 991 cm−1 was excited. Progressions with spacings near 939 and 446 cm−1 are associated with vibrational modes ν1 and ν2 of the X˜ state. A simultaneous fit of both modes yields ω1″=957.1±1.4, ω2″=452.6±0.4, x11″=4.47±0.04, x22″=0.54±0.05, and x12″=4.00±0.05 cm−1. When the 101 line of the A˜–X˜ system at 21 699 cm−1 was excited, vibrationally unrelaxed emission was observed in the spectral region 480–600 nm. Excitation of the 201 line at 21 284 cm−1 generated weak vibrationally unrelaxed progressions. The visible absorption spectrum of OClO in solid Ne in the region 415–488 nm was recorded with a Fourier-transform spectrometer, yielding ν00=20 991.3, ν1′=707.9, ν2′=292.5, and 2ν3′=887.6 cm−1 for the A˜ state. Simultaneous fits considering either only ν1 and ν2 modes or all three modes yield corresponding spectral parameters. Similar experiments were performed with OClO in solid Ar and Kr. Pronounced increases in ν1′ (716.0 cm−1 in Ar and 712.5 cm−1 in Kr) and ν2′ (302.3 cm−1 in Ar and 303.0 cm−1 in Kr) and a decrease in ν00 (188 cm−1 and 331 cm−1 red-shifted, respectively) from that in the gas phase indicate substantial perturbation of the A˜ state in solid Ar and Kr. An absorption continuum underlying the A˜–X˜ system is attributed to absorption to the 1˜ 2A1 state above the predissociation barrier. The phonon interaction increases and the threshold of the continuum decreases as the matrix host is altered from Ne to Ar to Kr. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 988-996 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Irradiation of low-lying vibronic levels of A˜ 2A2 of OClO isolated in solid Ne, Ar, or Kr produces ClOO. Destruction of OClO and production of ClOO in various matrix sites were monitored with IR absorption lines near 1100 and 1440 cm−1, respectively. For OClO in solid Ar at 5 K, site selectivity is observed after irradiation at the vibronic line associated with a specific site; decreased intensity of the IR line associated with a specific site of OClO correlates well with increased intensity of the corresponding line of ClOO. Similar behavior is observed for OClO in solid Kr except that formation of ClOO in one site (1412.1 cm−1) is invariably dominant. The nature of the carriers of two major sites of ClOO (corresponding to 1416.7 and 1442.5 cm−1 in solid Ar, 1412.1 and 1440.7 cm−1 in solid Kr) is discussed. Temporal profiles of absorbance AOClO and AClOO were probed after various periods of irradiation until approximately 20%–60% of OClO was destroyed. Excitation of the ν3 vibrational mode of OClO A˜ 2A2 enhances photodissociation of OClO appreciably. Rates of destruction of OClO in solid Ar or Kr are much smaller than that in solid Ne. The apparent conversion factor, ΔAClOO/(−ΔAOClO) is greater for OClO in solid Ne than that in solid Ar or Kr. Effects of matrix host on photolysis are discussed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 3824-3830 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We demonstrate an application of two-color resonant four-wave mixing spectroscopy to detect highly predissociative levels of CH in the B 2Σ− state in a hostile environment of an oxyacetylene flame. The probe and grating wavelengths are in resonance with the A 2Δ–X 2Π and B 2Σ−–X 2Π systems, respectively. We measured 49 previously unobserved rovibronic lines of the 0–0 band and 38 additional lines of the 1–0 band of the B 2Σ−–X 2Π system to access rotational quantum number N′ up to 21 and 13 of v′=0 and 1 in the B 2Σ− state, respectively. Inclusion of additional line positions measured for the 0–0 and the 1–0 bands yields spectral parameters of the B 2Σ− state significantly improved over those obtained previously with only nonpredissociative lines; one additional centrifugal–distortion parameter Lv is evaluated significantly. Although power saturation is significant even at smallest practical laser energies, we estimated lifetimes through the power dependence of linewidths. The lifetimes of the highest measurable level of B 2Σ− (v′=0 and 1) are 3±1 (N′=20) and 8±2 (N′=11) ps, respectively. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 6303-6304 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We determined the threshold for photodissociation of H2O to form OH in matrices by dissociating a matrix sample in situ on scanning the energy of synchrotron radiation and by detecting the increase in intensity of laser-induced fluorescence of OH. The derived threshold, 6.89±0.04 eV for H2O in solid Ar, is almost identical to the previously reported value of 6.9±0.04 eV. The photodissociation threshold in solid Ne, 6.87±0.02 eV, is within experimental uncertainty of that determined in solid Ar. They are identical to recently determined threshold of absorption of H2O in solid Ne and Ar. Hence, photodissociation of H2O in matrices near the threshold is determined by absorption from the ground X˜ state to the repulsive A˜ state. The thresholds of absorption of H2O correspond to ∼1.7 eV excess energies of dissociation; at these energies sudden exit should dominate, consistent with the results from H2S photolysis in matrices. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 100 (1994), S. 387-392 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rate coefficient of the reaction of HSO with O3 at five temperatures in the range 273–423 K was determined by means of the discharge-flow/laser-induced-fluorescence technique. The laser-induced fluorescence of HSO was detected by the gated photon-counting technique; a detection limit ∼4×109 molecules cm−3 was achieved. The reaction was carried out under pseudo-first-order conditions with [O3](very-much-greater-than)[HSO]; the rate coefficient was determined to be k=(4.7±1.0)×10−14 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 298 K, approximately 30% greater than, but within experimental uncertainty of the only previous measurement by Wang and Howard by means of the discharge-flow/laser-magnetic-resonance technique. The temperature dependence of the rate coefficient is expressed in the Arrhenius form, k(T)=(2.1±0.7)×10−12 exp[−(1120±320)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1.
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