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1

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Soil-Plant Relationships in the Tropics (1986)

Lathwell, D J ; Grove, T L

Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 17 (1986), S. 1-16

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ISSN: 0066-4162

Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff

Topics: Biology

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.17.110186.000245

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2

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Prediction of long-term fertilizer nitrogen requirements of maize in the tropics using a nitrogen balance model (1992)

Osmond, D. L. ; Lathwell, D. J. ; Riha, S. J.

Springer

Plant and soil 143 (1992), S. 61-70

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: legume green manures ; N Budget ; N mineralization ; N uptake ; soil organic N ; target N yield

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract A simple N balance model was used to calculate fertilizer requirement for a target N uptake by maize. Nitrogen uptake from soil sources and target uptake of N with fertilizer N additions were obtained from fertilizer trials in Africa and Latin America. Most experiments had data for only one cropping period, although some from Latin America had data for four to six crops. The transfer coefficient of fertilizer N to the crop was adjusted to realize maximum recovery of fertilizer N under best methods of fertilizer application. The time constants of transfer of soil N to the crop were allowed to vary and were affected mainly by soil texture. Where 4 to 6 cropping periods were available good agreement between actual and predicted fertilizer N requirements was obtained. With this approach long-term fertilizer N requirements for 14 sites were predicted using first cropping period N uptake. This study showed that pools of organic N in more coarse-textured soils were usually smaller and declined more rapidly than in fine-textured soils. Labile organic N pools declined with time under all simulations, but approached equilibrium within 10 croppings seasons. Equilibrium N uptake from the soil organic N pool was predicted to be 31 kg ha−1 for the more coarse-textured soils and 36 kg ha−1 for the fine-textured soils. Long-term projections of fertilizer requirements using input data of the field experiments were reasonable, and effects of legume green manures and other amendments could be clearly evaluated.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009129

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3

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A study of the available phosphorus status of soils by phosphorus-deficient tomato seedlings (1955)

Pattanaik, S. ; Lathwell, D. J.

Springer

Plant and soil 6 (1955), S. 305-312

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary Several important New York soils were evaluated for their phosphorus fertility status in the greenhouse by growing tomato plants and determining the relationship between the anthocyanin content of the plants and their response to added phosphorus. In general, there was an inverse relationship between the anthocyanin content of the leaves and increases in dry weight production when phosphorus only was the limiting factor. It appears that the method presented may have considerable value as a greenhouse technique to evaluate the phosphorus fertility of soils. The problem of evaluating the relationship between the anthocyanin content and phosphorus response when heavy metals interfere remains to be solved. Nevertheless, this technique may be valuable to segregate heavy metal interference from phosphorus deficiency.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01343641

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4

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Screening legume green manures as nitrogen sources to succeeding non-legume crops (1990)

Carsky, R. J. ; Reid, W. S. ; Suhet, A. R. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant and soil 128 (1990), S. 275-282

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: buried bag incubation ; leguminous green manures ; maize ; N mineralization ; N supplying potential ; N uptake ; Oxisol

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract A buried bag incubation technique was proposed to monitor N release from soil and decomposing green manure. The technique would facilitate not only the screening of legumes as sources of N but also measurement of the N supplying capacity of soils. Several tropical legumes were incorporated into field plots followed either by maize (Zea mays L.) or by bare fallow. Soil samples from the plow layer containing the incorporated green manure were placed in low density polyethylene bags and buried within the plow layer under the maize crop for in situ incubation. Periodic withdrawal of the bags was accompanied by fallow soil profile sampling. Above ground N accumulation by maize was equally well correlated to N release measured by either method although the bag technique required much less labor. Supplemental experiments suggested that N accumulation in the bags was reduced due to inadequate O2 diffusion but only when O2 demand was high and soil water potential was high. The results show that in situ bag incubation alone or together with fallow soil sampling can be used to estimate the N supplying potential of soil and leguminous residues.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011119

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5

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Root-zone temperature effects on the early development of maize (1967)

Beauchamp, Eric G. ; Lathwell, D. J.

Springer

Plant and soil 26 (1967), S. 224-234

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary Maize plants were grown in sand culture under greenhouse conditions from emergence to the 4-leaf stage at root-zone temperature of 12.5°, 15° and 17.5°C in one experiment, and grown to the 6-leaf stage at root zone temperatures of 15°, 20°, and 25°C in a second experiment. Attention was given to plant part differentiation as determined by leaf appearance, and to growth as determined by dry tissue accumulation, at specified growth stages. For anyone growth-stage interval the number of days required for that interval increased with decreasing root-zone temperature. Dry weights of both roots and shoots at the various growth stages decreased with increasing root-zone temperature. Root zone temperature had a direct influence on the meristematic region of the shoots of young maize plants because of the close proximity of this region to the ground surface and thereby regulated plant development during the period of leaf initiation. Increased root-zone temperature enhanced plant development rate relative to plant growth rate thus reducing the ultimate yield of maize at the 4- and 6- leaf stages. It was concluded that because of the direct influence of root-zone temperature on the shoot meristem and hence on the nutrient demands of the shoot, due consideration should be given to this factor in studies concerned with soil temperature.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01880173

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6

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Temporal changes in carboxylate content of ryegrass with stepwise change in nutrition (1968)

Dijkshoorn, W. ; Lathwell, D. J. ; Wit, C. T.

Springer

Plant and soil 29 (1968), S. 369-390

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary A detailed scheme of carboxylate formation and retention by plant tissues as a result of ion uptake and utilization is given. By means of discontinuities in the supply with nutrient ions, carboxylate retention by the tissues of perennial ryegrass was followed as a function of growth. It was found that translocation of potassium nitrate to the shoot and subsequent nitrate metabolism was the only process capable of supplying the shoot with sufficient carboxylates and of removing the excess from the foliage to the root system with maintenance of the normal carboxylate content. Absorbed bicarbonate was a good source of carboxylates in the roots, but the rate of translocation to the plant tops was too slow relative to growth. Therefore, the carboxylate concentration in the foliage fell progressively to one half the normal value. Constancy of carboxylate concentration in the dry matter was related to the early establishment of the proportion of carboxylates to dry material in the new growth, making it independent of subsequent changes in water content of the tissues. Changes in carboxylate concentrations due to changes in the supply were continuous with time. Nitrate caused a depression in the roots during nitrate accumulation, but the nitrate metabolism in the follage made sufficient carboxylates available for replenishment and maintenance of their normal level in the whole plant.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01348971

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7

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Screening legume green manures as nitrogen sources to succeeding non-legume crops (1988)

Bowen, W. T. ; Quintana, J. O. ; Pereira, J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant and soil 111 (1988), S. 75-80

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: legume N ; N mineralization ; N supplying potential ; maize

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Legumes managed as green manures provide a good alternative to the use of commercial N-fertilizer for non-legume crop production. An accurate method for predicting the N supplying potential of legumes must be available in order to select the most promising legumes. A field procedure based on the periodic measurement of inorganic nitrogen accumulated in bare fallow soil after the incorporation of legumes was tested on three field experiments carried out from 1983 to 1986 on Oxisols of the Cerrado Region of Central Brazil. The response of maize (Zea mays L.) to incorporated legumes was estimated from companion cropped plots. The amount of inorganic nitrogen accumulated in fallow soil was highly correlated to both nitrogen content in the aboveground dry matter of maize and nitrogen content in the aboveground dry matter plus the residual inorganic nitrogen in the cropped plots in all three experiments. The results showed that the nitrogen supplying potential of legumes for a succeeding non-legume crop may be estimated by the accumulation of inorganic nitrogen in bare fallow soil after the incorporation of the legumes.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182039

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8

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Screening legume green manures as nitrogen sources to succeeding non-legume crops (1988)

Quintana, J. O. ; Pereira, J. ; Bouldin, D. R. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant and soil 111 (1988), S. 81-85

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: aerobic incubation ; fallow plot ; inorganic N ; N mineralization

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Legumes managed as green manures provide a good alternative to the use of commercial N-fertilizer for non-legume crop production. A laboratory procedure based on the aerobic incubation (35 °C) of soil samples taken from plots with legumes incorporated was proposed for predicting the N supplying potential of legumes to succeeding non-legume crops. This procedure was evaluated by comparing the amount of inorganic N determined in the soil samples after incubation with N content of aboveground dry matter of maize or with inorganic N found in the soil of an adjacent fallow plot. The soil samples (0.00 to 0.15 m and 0.15 to 0.30 m) were obtained from two field experiments conducted in similar soils of the Cerrado Region of central Brazil during 1984–85 and 1986–87. Although incubation results were affected by the different pretreatments, soil samples prepared and incubated as soon as possible after being taken from the field gave the best correlations. The most convenient incubation procedure was the one-week aerobic incubation of samples previously oven dried at 50°C. The results obtained by this procedure were significantly correlated with N content in aboveground dry matter of maize and with the inorganic N accumulated in an adjacent fallow plot.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182040

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