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  • 1
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    Ultrasonic monitoring to assess the impacts of forest conversion on Solomon Island bats (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-29
    Description: Paleotropical islands are experiencing extensive land-use change, yet little is known about how such changes are impacting wildlife in these biodiversity hotspots. To address this knowledge gap, we characterized bat responses to forest conversion in a biodiverse, human-threatened coastal rainforest habitat on Makira, Solomon Islands. We analysed ~200 h of acoustic recordings from echolocating bats in the four dominant types of land use on Makira: intact forest, secondary forest, food gardens and cacao plantations. Bat calls were identified to the species level using a supervised classification model (where labelled data are used to train the system). We examined relative activity levels and morphological traits across habitats. Relative activity levels were highest in intermediately disturbed habitats and lowest in the most heavily disturbed habitat, although these differences were not significant. There were significant differences in the mean forearm length of bat assemblages across habitats, with the highest mean forearm length found in the most open habitat (Cacao). Overall, our study constitutes the first detailed exploration of anthropogenic effects on mammalian diversity in the Solomon Islands and includes the first acoustic and morphological information for many bat species in Melanesia. We use our experience to discuss the challenges of acoustic monitoring in such a remote and poorly studied region. Forest conversion is a major threat to biodiversity and is particularly acute on tropical islands, which are home to a high number of endemic species and important sites for conservation. Our work provides interesting information on both the impact of forest conversion on bat assemblages, and the application of acoustic monitoring of bats for a data-deficient area of the Solomon Islands. We found significant differences in the mean forearm length across habitats, and use our experience to discuss the challenges of acoustic monitoring in a remote and poorly studied region.
    Electronic ISSN: 2056-3485
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Zoological Society of London.
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  • 2
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    Iterative quantum-classical path integral with dynamically consistent state hopping (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-27
    Description: We investigate the convergence of iterative quantum-classical path integral calculations in sluggish environments strongly coupled to a quantum system. The number of classical trajectories, thus the computational cost, grows rapidly (exponentially, unless filtering techniques are employed) with the memory length included in the calculation. We argue that the choice of the (single) trajectory branch during the time preceding the memory interval can significantly affect the memory length required for convergence. At short times, the trajectory branch associated with the reactant state improves convergence by eliminating spurious memory. We also introduce an instantaneous population-based probabilistic scheme which introduces state-to-state hops in the retained pre-memory trajectory branch, and which is designed to choose primarily the trajectory branch associated with the reactant at early times, but to favor the product state more as the reaction progresses to completion. Test calculations show that the dynamically consistent state hopping scheme leads to accelerated convergence and a dramatic reduction of computational effort.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9606
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7690
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    Connecting the Chemical and Physical Viewpoints of What Determines Structure: From 1-D Chains to γ-Brasses (2011)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-25
    Description: Chemical Reviews DOI: 10.1021/cr1001222
    Print ISSN: 0009-2665
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-6890
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 4
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    Population models for social species: lessons learned from models of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) (2014)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2014-12-01
    Description: Behavior can have major impacts on the population dynamics of social species and should be incorporated into demographic models to realistically evaluate population trends and extinction risk. We compared the predictions of a stage- and age-based matrix model, an individual-based model (IBM, developed in the program Vortex), and a spatially explicit individual-based model (SEPM) with the actual dynamics of a population of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (RCW; Picoides borealis) in the Sandhills of North Carolina, USA. Predictions, including population size, composition, and growth rate, differed the most from actual population characteristics for models that did not incorporate social structure. The SEPM most closely predicted actual population dynamics, underestimating the population by 2.3%. This model, specifically developed to simulate RCW population dynamics, contains many of the features that we assert are important for adequately incorporating social behavior into demographic and population modeling. These features include the ability to (1) differentiate individuals based on their stage class, (2) capture the dynamics of the population at both the individual and group level, (3) incorporate the positive or negative effects of subdominants, (4) include environmental and demographic stochasticity, and (5) capture dispersal and other spatial factors. The RCW SEPM, although currently species-specific, provides a strong blueprint for how population models for social species could be constructed in the future when data allow. # doi:10.1890/13-1275.1
    Print ISSN: 1051-0761
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-5582
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 5
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    Human embryo research: lessons from history (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walters, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 24;293(5534):1401.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11520952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioethics ; *Embryo Research ; *Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Financing, Government ; *Government Regulation ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Internationality ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Public Policy ; Research ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Stem Cells ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    New goals for the U.S. Human Genome Project: 1998-2003 (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-23
    Description: The Human Genome Project has successfully completed all the major goals in its current 5-year plan, covering the period 1993-98. A new plan, for 1998-2003, is presented, in which human DNA sequencing will be the major emphasis. An ambitious schedule has been set to complete the full sequence by the end of 2003, 2 years ahead of previous projections. In the course of completing the sequence, a "working draft" of the human sequence will be produced by the end of 2001. The plan also includes goals for sequencing technology development; for studying human genome sequence variation; for developing technology for functional genomics; for completing the sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster and starting the mouse genome; for studying the ethical, legal, and social implications of genome research; for bioinformatics and computational studies; and for training of genome scientists.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, F S -- Patrinos, A -- Jordan, E -- Chakravarti, A -- Gesteland, R -- Walters, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 23;282(5389):682-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. fc23a@nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9784121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bioethics ; Computational Biology ; Databases, Factual ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Federal Government ; Genetic Research ; Genetic Variation ; Genome ; Genome, Human ; *Human Genome Project/economics/organization & administration ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; International Cooperation ; Internationality ; Molecular Biology/education ; Point Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/economics/methods ; Sociology ; Species Specificity ; Time Factors ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Peptide and protein synthesis by segment synthesis-condensation (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-01-13
    Description: The chemical synthesis of biologically active peptides and polypeptides can be achieved by using a convergent strategy of condensing protected peptide segments to form the desired molecule. An oxime support increases the ease with which intermediate protected peptides can be synthesized and makes this approach useful for the synthesis of peptides in which secondary structural elements have been redesigned. The extension of these methods to large peptides and proteins, for which folding of secondary structures into functional tertiary structures is critical, is discussed. Models of apolipoproteins, the homeo domain from the developmental protein encoded by the Antennapedia gene of Drosophila, a part of the Cro repressor, and the enzyme ribonuclease T1 and a structural analog have been synthesized with this method.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, E T -- Mihara, H -- Laforet, G A -- Kelly, J W -- Walters, L -- Findeis, M A -- Sasaki, T -- DK07825/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM12054/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL-186577/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 13;243(4888):187-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2492114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; Apolipoproteins A/chemical synthesis ; Humans ; Indicators and Reagents ; Lipoproteins, HDL/chemical synthesis ; Peptides/*chemical synthesis ; Protein Conformation ; Proteins/*chemical synthesis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Research cloning, ethics, and public policy (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walters, LeRoy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1661.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637719" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; *Bioethical Issues ; *Cloning, Organism/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Embryo Research/legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Ethics, Research ; Humans ; *Public Policy ; Stem Cells ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Germ-line gene modification and disease prevention: some medical and ethical perspectives (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-10-22
    Description: There has been considerable debate about the ethics of human germ-line gene modification. As a result of recent advances in the micromanipulation of embryos and the laboratory development of transgenic mice, a lively discussion has begun concerning both the technical feasibility and the ethical acceptability of human germ-line modification for the prevention of serious disease. This article summarizes some of the recent research on germ-line gene modification in animal models. Certain monogenic deficiency diseases that ultimately might be candidates for correction by germ-line intervention are identified. Several of the most frequently considered ethical issues relative to human germ-line gene modification are considered in the context of professional ethics, parental responsibility, and public policy. Finally, it is suggested that there is merit in continuing the discussion about human germ-line intervention, so that this technique can be carefully compared with alternative strategies for preventing genetic disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wivel, N A -- Walters, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Oct 22;262(5133):533-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Office of Recombinant DNA Activities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8211180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Beneficence ; *Blastocyst ; Cultural Diversity ; *Ethics, Medical ; Eye Neoplasms/prevention & control ; *Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/*prevention & control ; *Genetic Therapy ; *Germ Cells ; Health ; Humans ; Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome/prevention & control ; Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic/prevention & control ; Patient Selection ; Personal Autonomy ; Retinoblastoma/prevention & control ; Risk Assessment ; Social Responsibility ; Tay-Sachs Disease/prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Ethical issues in the prevention and treatment of HIV infection and AIDS (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-02-05
    Description: The epidemic of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) poses a major ethical question: How can we control the epidemic and the harm that it causes without unjustly discriminating against particular social groups and without unnecessarily infringing on the freedom of individuals? This question pertains to three spheres of public policy in the United States: public health, the delivery of health care, and research. In the public health sphere, vigorous educational efforts will be required, as will modified approaches to intravenous drug use, prostitution, and homosexual and bisexual sexual activity. Carefully targeted, voluntary testing and screening programs should be coupled with counseling and with guarantees of confidentiality and nondiscrimination where these are appropriate. Both health care workers and the health care system have a moral obligation to provide care to people with HIV infection, but heroic self-sacrifice should not be required provided that infection control precautions are observed. Patients with neurological involvement and terminally ill patients will benefit from statutes allowing recognition of advance directives about preferred modes of care or nontreatment. There is a moral imperative to perform intensive research directed toward the understanding, treatment, and prevention of HIV infection and AIDS. The research process will raise challenging ethical questions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walters, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Feb 5;239(4840):597-603.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Bioethics, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Washington, DC 20057.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3340846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control/therapy ; Adult ; Beneficence ; Biomedical Research ; Bisexuality ; Brain Diseases ; Delivery of Health Care ; *Ethics, Medical ; Female ; Government Regulation ; Health Education ; Health Policy ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Mandatory Programs ; *Moral Obligations ; Personal Autonomy ; Resource Allocation ; Risk Assessment ; Social Justice ; Substance-Related Disorders ; United States ; *Voluntary Programs
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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