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  • 1
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    Coupled dynamics of body mass and population growth in response to environmental change (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-24
    Description: Environmental change has altered the phenology, morphological traits and population dynamics of many species. However, the links underlying these joint responses remain largely unknown owing to a paucity of long-term data and the lack of an appropriate analytical framework. Here we investigate the link between phenotypic and demographic responses to environmental change using a new methodology and a long-term (1976-2008) data set from a hibernating mammal (the yellow-bellied marmot) inhabiting a dynamic subalpine habitat. We demonstrate how earlier emergence from hibernation and earlier weaning of young has led to a longer growing season and larger body masses before hibernation. The resulting shift in both the phenotype and the relationship between phenotype and fitness components led to a decline in adult mortality, which in turn triggered an abrupt increase in population size in recent years. Direct and trait-mediated effects of environmental change made comparable contributions to the observed marked increase in population growth. Our results help explain how a shift in phenology can cause simultaneous phenotypic and demographic changes, and highlight the need for a theory integrating ecological and evolutionary dynamics in stochastic environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ozgul, Arpat -- Childs, Dylan Z -- Oli, Madan K -- Armitage, Kenneth B -- Blumstein, Daniel T -- Olson, Lucretia E -- Tuljapurkar, Shripad -- Coulson, Tim -- P01 AG022500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 22;466(7305):482-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09210.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK. a.ozgul@imperial.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20651690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Weight/*physiology ; Colorado ; Female ; *Global Warming ; Hibernation/*physiology ; Marmota/*anatomy & histology/growth & development/*physiology ; Phenotype ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction/physiology ; Survival Rate ; Time Factors ; Weaning
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    A new genus of African monkey, Rungwecebus: morphology, ecology, and molecular phylogenetics (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-13
    Description: A new species of African monkey, Lophocebus kipunji, was described in 2005 based on observations from two sites in Tanzania. We have since obtained a specimen killed by a farmer on Mount Rungwe, the type locality. Detailed molecular phylogenetic analyses of this specimen demonstrate that the genus Lophocebus is diphyletic. We provide a description of a new genus of African monkey and of the only preserved specimen of this primate. We also present information on the animal's ecology and conservation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davenport, Tim R B -- Stanley, William T -- Sargis, Eric J -- De Luca, Daniela W -- Mpunga, Noah E -- Machaga, Sophy J -- Olson, Link E -- RR-16466-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1378-81. Epub 2006 May 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wildlife Conservation Society, Southern Highlands Conservation Programme, Post Office Box 1475, Mbeya, Tanzania. tdavenport@wcs.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cercopithecinae/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology ; Male ; Tanzania
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    A chromosome 21 critical region does not cause specific Down syndrome phenotypes (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: The "Down syndrome critical region" (DSCR) is a chromosome 21 segment purported to contain genes responsible for many features of Down syndrome (DS), including craniofacial dysmorphology. We used chromosome engineering to create mice that were trisomic or monosomic for only the mouse chromosome segment orthologous to the DSCR and assessed dysmorphologies of the craniofacial skeleton that show direct parallels with DS in mice with a larger segmental trisomy. The DSCR genes were not sufficient and were largely not necessary to produce the facial phenotype. These results refute specific predictions of the prevailing hypothesis of gene action in DS.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019810/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019810/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olson, L E -- Richtsmeier, J T -- Leszl, J -- Reeves, R H -- F33 DE005706/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- HD24605/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD38384/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):687-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15499018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics ; Craniofacial Abnormalities/genetics ; Crosses, Genetic ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Down Syndrome/*genetics/pathology ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Targeting ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Mandible/abnormalities ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Monosomy ; Phenotype ; Recombination, Genetic ; Skull/abnormalities ; *Trisomy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation, Identification and Comparison of the Volatiles of Peach Fruit as Related to Harvest Maturity and Artificial Ripening (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 34 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: SUMMARY: Volatiles of peach (Prunus persica L., cultivar, Gleason Early Elberta) fruit were studied by gas-liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and infrared spectrometry. Chromatograms of the volatiles of hard-mature, firm-mature, soft-mature, tree-ripe and artificially ripened, hard-mature fruit were obtained with temperature programing and flame ionization detection. The volatile concentrates of tree-ripe peaches produced 86 peaks. The major peaks were isolated and the infrared spectra determined and compared with authentic compounds.In general, concentrations of volatile components increased with advancing maturity. The main volatile components were identified as gamma- and delta-lactones, esters, aldehydes, benzyl alcohol and d-limonene.The highest total lactone concentration occurred in tree-ripe peaches and was more than four times that of firm-mature fruit. Gamma-decalactone predominated among the lactones in tree-ripe peaches. Artificially ripened peaches had very small amounts of gamma-decalactone and lacked gamma- and delta-dodecalactone, with a total lactone concentration abouf one-fifth that of free-ripe fruit. Concentrations of esters in artificially ripened fruit reached only one-third to one-half those of tree-ripe peaches. Benzaldehyde was the predominant volatile in tree-ripe peaches and occurred in five times the concentration found in artificially ripened fruit. These may be the determining factors relative to the inferiority of artificially ripened as compared to free-ripened fruits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb12104.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certain Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Greenhouse-Grown Tomatoes (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 31 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Tomatoes of V. R. Moscow and Fireball varieties grown in a greenhouse varied markedly from previously reported data on field-grown lots of the same varieties with regards to total titratable acidity, color development, free reducing sugars, pectins, volatile reducing substances (VRS), organic acids, and ascorbic acid. Concentrations of all the nonvolatile attributes except total titratable acidity (%) were low as compared with field-ripened tomatoes. Lower concentrations of VRS, organic acids (mg/100 g), and sugars (%) considerably affected flavor, aroma, and taste in greenhouse tomatoes. Color (beta-carotene and lycopene) development was defective. In general, tomatoes grown in the greenhouse were “flat” and tasteless.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1966.tb01889.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Certain Physiological and Biochemical Changes in the Developing Tomato Fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 30 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The biosynthesis of nonvolatile compounds by tomato fruit parallels the growth rate of the fruit, regardless of varieties studied. Volatile reducing substances (VRS, mμ100 g), reducing sugars (percent), water-soluble pectins (percent), and organic acids (mg/100 g) progressively increase in quantity with advancing maturity. Total titratable acidity (percent) and total pectic materials (percent) increased during the initial stages of maturation, but gradually decreased as the fruit ripened. Ascorbic acid (mg/100 g) increased with the maturity of fruit but declined slightly in the later (red and red-ripe) stages of maturation. Concentrations of compounds (chlorophylls, mg/100 g; carotene and lycopene, mg/100 g) contributing to the coloration changed significantly as the fruit passed through various degrees of maturation. The pattern of physiological and chemical changes during the development of tomato fruit was nearly identical in both varieties studied. However, V. R. Moscow fruit contained higher amounts of pigments, reducing sugars, pectins, organic acids, ascorbic acid, and VRS than the fruit of Fireball variety, regardless of maturities studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1965.tb01793.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of Plasma Membrane Electron Transport in a Pulmonary Endothelial Cell-Column (1998)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 26 (1998), S. 117-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Oxidation-reduction ; Toluidine blue O ; Endothelium ; Cell: column chromatography ; Membrane ; Electron transport ; Pulmonary ; Endothelial cell ; Cell culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Thiazine dyes such as toluidine blue O (TBO) are reduced at the luminal endothelial surface. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of this reaction in endothelial cells in culture. A multiple indicator dilution method was used to measure the reaction kinetics during transient passage of a TBO-containing bolus through a chromatographic column filled with bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells grown on microcarrier beads (cell-column). A bolus containing TBO and an inert extracellular reference indicator (FITC-Dextran) was injected upstream of the cell-column, and the indicator concentrations were measured downstream using on-line photodetection. The effects of column flow rate, PO2, and TBO concentration were studied. The fraction of TBO reduced upon passage through the cell-column decreased with increasing flow indicating that the reaction rate rather than TBO delivery controlled TBO reduction. The fraction of TBO reduced did not change with PO2 or dose in the ranges studied. TBO reduction was about 10 times that for steady state TBO sequestration by these cells which, along with the lack of a PO2 effect indicates that the rapid rate of reduction is not the rate-limiting step in steady state sequestration. PAC98: 8722Fy, 8220-w
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1114/1.83
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical and Radioisotope Indicator Dilution Measurements in Pulmonary Edema (1998)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 26 (1998), S. 417-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Capillary permeability ; Acute respiratory distress syndrome ; Mathematical model ; Alloxan lung injury ; Pulmonary edema ; Lung fluid balance ; Indicator dilution: optical ; Indicator dilution: radioisotope
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was a validation of an optical multiple indicator dilution technique for measuring microvascular exchange parameters in edematous lungs by comparison to conventional radioisotope multiple indicator dilution methods. Six anesthetized dogs were studied at baseline and after alloxan infusion to increase capillary permeability. In addition, 11 isolated, perfused dog lungs were studied at baseline and after edema was created by increasing venous pressure or by infusing alloxan to increase vascular permeability. Increased capillary permeability from alloxan infusion led to increases in most but not all capillary exchange parameters as analyzed by mathematical models and measured by both optical and radioisotope methods. Increased vascular pressure led to increased edema but no significant increases in capillary exchange parameters. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA; variations in baseline versus pressure or alloxan and variation in optical versus radioisotope for each transport parameter derived from the mathematical models) indicated few significant differences in capillary exchange parameters between optical and radioisotope measures. Newman–Keuls multiple comparison tests did uncover some variations between a few of the group-mean values derived from optical and radioisotope methods. However, optical and radioisotope parameter measurements were highly correlated for all studies regardless of the mathematical model used for analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1114/1.94
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfhemoglobinated erythrocytes as an optical intravascular tracer in the lung (1994)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 22 (1994), S. 319-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Multiple indicator dilution ; Lung vascular physiology ; Optical bioinstrumentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Sulfhemoglobinated erythrocytes (SHb-RBC's) were examined for utility as an optical multiple indicator dilution tracer in lung studies. A device was developed to measure this tracer optically in flowing blood. Arterial blood was sampled from cannulated, anesthetized dogs and pumped through the device that measured the optical density (OD) of blood at 620 nm. This system was calibrated for increasing SHb-RBC concentrations using an unsteady-state indicator dilution procedure. Areas under optical density (ΔOD) profiles were well correlated with injected SHb-RBC volumes using linear regression (r 2〉0.9). This linearity was independent of blood oxygenation, hematocrit, or pH.In vivo lung indicator dilution studies in the intact dog were performed and compared to radioisotope indicator studies using51Cr labeled erythrocytes. Coefficient of variation (CV) between the two curves was 0.065 under baseline conditions, 0.085 for studies performed during hypoxia, and 0.073 after pH was lowered. We conclude that this device linearly measured SHb-RBC content in whole blood and that SHb-RBC is as accurate a lung indicator dilution tracer as51Cr-erythrocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02368238
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  • 10
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    Barx2 functions through distinct corepressor classes to regulate hair follicle remodeling (2005)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-22
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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