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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase response versus positive and negative division delay in animal cells
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Cell Research 116 (1978), S. 285-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(78)90450-0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of upscaling procedures in the application of soil acidification models at different spatial scales (1998)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 50 (1998), S. 223-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: scale ; aggregation ; model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Different soil acidification models have been developed for use on different scales, i.e. NUCSAM for the local scale, RESAM for the regional (national) scale and SMART for the continental scale. This paper focuses on the uncertainties associated with scale transfer by a simpler model description by (i) temporal aggregation of process descriptions, (ii) neglection of processes associated with vertical aggregation of soil layers and (iii) the use of less detailed formulations of processes (process aggregation) and by spatial aggregation of input data. Results obtained for simulations in acid (sandy) soils indicate that (i) temporal aggregation and process aggregation have a limited impact on the long-term (decades) annual response of soil solution chemistry to atmospheric deposition, (ii) vertical aggregation mainly affects predictions of solutes which show a strong concentration gradient with depth and (iii) spatial aggregation hardly affects the average output for a given forest/soil combination. However, ignoring the variability in input parameters, largely affects the frequency distribution of model outputs in a region. Results imply that model simplification is an adequate step in the upscaling of modelling results from a local to a regional scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009744429062
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uncertainties in long-term predictions of forest soil acidification due to neglecting seasonal variability (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 79 (1995), S. 353-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Soil and soil solution response simulated with a site-scale soil acidification model (NUCSAM) was compared with results obtained by a regional soil acidification model (RESAM). RESAM is a multi-layer model with a temporal resolution of one year. In addition to RESAM, NUCSAM takes seasonal variability into account since it simulates solute transport and biogeochemical processes on a daily basis. Consequently, NUCSAM accounts for seasonal variation in deposition, precipitation, transpiration, litterfall, mineralization and root uptake. Uncertainty caused by the neglect of seasonal variability in long-term predictions was investigated by a comparison of long-term simulations with RESAM and NUCSAM. Two deposition scenarios for the period 1990–2090 were evaluated. The models were parameterized and validated by using data from an intensively monitored spruce site at Solling, Germany. Although both the seasonal and the interannual variation in soil solution parameters were large, the trends in soil solution parameters of RESAM and NUCSAM corresponded quite well. The leaching fluxes were almost similar. Generally it appeared that the uncertainty due to time resolution in long-term predictions was relatively small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01100447
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of critical loads and their exceedance on Dutch forests using a multi-layer steady-state model (1994)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 76 (1994), S. 407-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Critical acid loads for Dutch forests were derived using a multi-layer steady-state model that includes canopy interactions, nutrient cycling, mineral weathering and N transformations. Values were calculated for combinations of 12 tree species and 23 soil types for a 10×10 km grid. Critical acid loads thus derived increased with decreasing soil depth. Nearly 90% of the values varied approximately between 1500 and 4000 molc ha−1 yr−1 at 10 cm soil depth and between 750 and 2000 molc ha−1 yr−1 at the bottom of the rootzone. Separate critical loads calculated for N and S at the bottom of the rootzone varied between approximately 300 and 1000 molc ha−1 yr−1 for N and between 150 and 1250 molc ha−1 yr−1 for S. Using deposition data of 1990, a median reduction of the deposition by approximately 75% was calculated to achieve the critical loads at the bottom of the rootzone. The overall uncertainty in this value was estimated to be about 10%, although it can be much larger for specific soil types such as clay and peat soils. For N a larger reduction deposition percentage was calculated than for S, especially for coniferous forests with a high present N input.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00482716
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term impacts of various emission deposition scenarios on Dutch forest soils (1994)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 75 (1994), S. 1-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The long-term impact of three deposition scenarios on Dutch forest soils was evaluated using the model RESAM (Regional Soil Acidification Model), which is part of the overall DAS (Dutch Acidification Simulation) model. RESAM was applied to seven tree species and fourteen non-calcareous sandy soils covering about 65% of the Dutch forest area. Deposition secenarios for SO x , NO x and NH x were generated for twenty deposition areas by the air transport model of DAS for the period 1965 to 2050. Data related to tree species and soil types were derived from literature surveys, field research, laboratory experiments and model calibration. Results discussed here are resticted to important outputs indicating N accumulation or soil acidification. A comparison of model results for 1990 with measurements in 150 forest stands during this year showed that the agreement was good for the N content, base saturation, pH and SO4 concentration, reasonable for the NO3 concentration, Al/Ca ratio and Al concentration in the topsoil and unfavourable for the NH4/K ratio and Al concentration in the subsoil. Future trends in soil solution parameters in response to the three scenarios, showed that deposition reductions generally lead to a fast increase in pH and a decrease in Al and SO4 concentration and Al/Ca ratio. However, for the NO3 concentration and NH4/K ratio there was a clear time lag between deposition reduction and concentration reduction which is mainly due to N mobilization from the humus layer. A decrease in average deposition level to 1400 mol c ha−1 yr−1 appeared to be sufficient to avoid substantial exceedance of critical values for Al and NO3 concentration and Al/Ca ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01100396
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The uncertainty in forecasting trends of forest soil acidification (1993)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 66 (1993), S. 29-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A Regional Soil Acidification Model (RESAM) has been developed to gain insight in long-term impacts of deposition scenarios on forest soils in The Netherlands. Model predictions of such large-scale environmental effects of acid deposition require extrapolation of site specific data to large geographical regions. The major aim of this study is to quantify the uncertainty in model response to a given deposition scenario, due to uncertainty and spatial variability in data. Furthermore, the uncertainty analysis was performed to determine which additional data will most likely improve the reliability of predictions. An efficient Monte Carlo technique was used in combination with regression analysis. The analysis was restricted to one forest soil ecosystem: a leptic podzol with Douglas fir, subject to a reducing deposition scenario. The investigated output variables were pH, Al/Ca ratio and NH4/K ratio in the root zone, which are generally used as indicators of forest soil acidification and of potential forest damage. Statistical analyses showed that in most cases the relation between the parameters and model output can be satisfactorily described by a linear regression model. The uncertainty contribution of various parameters depends on the considered output variable, soil compartment and time. The uncertainty, as measured by the coefficient of variation, appears to be high for the NH4/K and Al/Ca ratios, whereas it was relatively low for the pH. Results show that the uncertainty in the depositions of SOx, NOx, and NHx in a receptor area and the uncertainty in the parameters and variables determining the nitrogen and aluminium dynamics contribute most to the resulting uncertainty of the considered model output.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477059
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling the response of terrestrial ecosystems to acidification and desiccation scenarios (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 1101-1106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Modelling ; Soil Acidification ; Vegetation Changes ; National Assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Changes in vegetation are often caused by changes in abiotic site factors, such as pH, nitrogen availability and soil moisture. It has been recognized that abiotic site factors are affected by atmospheric deposition and groundwater-table changes. In order to evaluate the effects of eutrophication, acidification and desiccation on site factors, the model SMART2 has been developed. For the Netherlands combinations of two acidification and two seepage scenarios (1990–2050) were evaluated with SMART2. The results are focused on pH, nitrogen availability and base saturation. Calculations were made for combinations of five vegetation structures on seven soil types and the five groundwater-table classes, using a 1 km2 grid. Results showed that deposition reductions lead to a relatively fast improvement of the site factors, increase in pH and base saturation and decrease in N availability. Whereas a reduction in groundwater abstractions of 25% has little or no effect on the pH and N availability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477128
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  • 8
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    Uncertainty Assessment in Modelling Soil Acidification at the European Scale: A Case Study (1999)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0047-2425
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-2537
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 9
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    Intra-CSF administered recombinant adenovirus causes an immune response-mediated toxicity (2000)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0969-7128
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-5462
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
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    Modelling impacts of acid deposition and groundwater level on habitat quality and plant species diversity (2016)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-16
    Description: We quantified the effects of the site factors pH and nitrate (NO3) concentration in soil solution and groundwater level on the vegetation of terrestrial ecosystems for the Netherlands in response to changes in at...
    Electronic ISSN: 2192-1709
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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