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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structures of Nodulation Factors from the Nitrogen-Fixing Soybean Symbiont Rhizobium fredii USDA257 (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 33 (1994), S. 11782-11788 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00205a014
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcriptional organization and expression of noIXWBTUV, a locus that regulates cultivar-specific nodulatlon of soybean by Rhizobium fredii USDA257 (1995)
    Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 0EL, UK : Blackwell Scientific Publication
    Molecular microbiology 17 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Rhizobium fredii is a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of soybean and a number of other legume species. We have studied the transcriptional organization of a Sym plasmid locus that restricts the host range of R. fredii USDA257 at both the host species and cultivar level. The genes of this host-specificity locus, noIXWBTUV, are transcribed from three promoters. Two of these, which are upstream of noIW and noIBTUV, are oriented face to face and initiate transcription at sites that are 14 bp apart. The third lies upstream from noIX. The noIW promoter is constitutive, whereas the noIB and noIX promoters are inducible by flavonoid signals. We have attempted to express genes from this locus in Escherichia coli systems, both in vivo and in vitro. We detected the insert and orientation-specific expression of two genes, noIX and nolW, but we were unable to obtain expression of noIBTUV. Antiserum raised against NoIT nevertheless detected an abundantly expressed polypeptide of the predicted size in protein extracts of USDA257. This observation, as well as RNA dot blot data from a series of mutants, indicates that noIBTUV is expressed as a single transcriptional unit in R. fredii. Immunological detection of NoIT, and of a second protein, NoIX, was strictly dependent on flavonoid induction. The NoIX protein was larger than the size predicted from the previously published nucleotide sequence, and this led to resequencing and revision of the open reading frame.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17050923.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nod gene inducer genistein alters the composition and molecular mass distribution of extracellular polysaccharides produced by Rhizobium fredii USDA193 (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 97 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The nodulation genes of Rhizobium fredii are located on large symbiosis plasmids and induced by flavonoid signals from the host plant. When cultured in the presence of the isoflavone nodulation gene inducer, genistein, R. fredii USDA193 produced extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) with a lower average molecular mass and a reduced uronic acid content in comparison to controls. Genistein treatment also attenuated the yield of these compounds. These genistein-mediated changes are dependent on the presence of the symbiosis plasmid and were not apparent with the plasmid-cured, non-nodulating derivative, IA728. In addition, EPS yields from IA728 were higher than those from USDA193, indicating that the sym plasmid is involved in the regulation of EPS production, independent of the presence of genistein signals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05448.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rahnella aquatilis, a bacterium isolated from soybean rhizosphere, can solubilize hydroxyapatite (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 153 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A diazotropic bacterium, ISL19, has been isolated from soybean rhizosphere. ISL19 grows well at 30°C and utilizes diverse carbon sources for its growth. This Gram-negative bacterium is rod-shaped, is about 2–3 μm in size and contains several flagella. On the basis of its cellular fatty acid profile, its carbon utilization pattern, and the nucleotide sequence of a conserved segment of a 16S rRNA gene, ISL19 has been identified as Rahnella aquatilis. This bacterium exhibited a strong ability to solubilize hydroxyapatite and dicalcium phosphate in the external culture medium. The solubilization of hydroxyapatite was associated with a drop in the pH of the culture medium. The change in the pH value showed an inverse correlation with the soluble phosphorus concentration. Analysis of the culture medium by high pressure liquid chromatography identified gluconic acid as the main organic acid released by R. aquatilis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12585.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ineffective nodulation of Sesbania macrocarpa by Sinorhizobium meliloti strain RCR2011 (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 165 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Sinorhizobium meliloti is a well-known symbiont that fixes nitrogen with plants of three genera of the family Leguminosae, Tribe Trifolieae: Medicago, Melilotus, and Trigonella. We have found that S. meliloti strain RCR2011 forms ineffective nodules on a distantly related legume species, Sesbania macrocarpa. Nodules are indeterminate and lack leghemoglobin. Although S. meliloti deformed root-hairs of S. macrocarpa, infection threads were not detected in these cells. Instead, cells of S. meliloti were found in infection pockets between cortical cells and within infection threads that had penetrated into these cells. Bacteria eventually were released and gave rise to symbiosomes, which contained large quantities of an amorphous matrix with parallel arrays of electron-dense striations. Mutants of strain RCR2011 lacking nodA or nodH failed to nodulate S. macrocarpa, inactivation of nodG or nodE resulted in smaller nodules, while inactivation of region IIa, which contains nodIJ, had no apparent effect on nodulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13148.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic characterization of a mutant of Sinorhizobium fredii strain USDA208 with enhanced competitive ability for nodulation of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 165 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Sinorhizobium fredii strain USDA208 is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that forms nodules on roots of soybean and other legume plants. We previously found that the Tn5-containing mutant 208T3, which was derived from strain USDA208, is both deficient in production of exopolysaccharides and more competitive than the wild-type strain in competing against other rhizobia for nodulation of soybean. We now demonstrate that the transposon insertion of the mutant lies in a locus that is highly homologous to a portion of the exo region, which functions in exopolysaccharide biosynthesis by Sinorhizobium meliloti. We sequenced 2906 bp surrounding the insertion site and identified three genes: exoA, exoM, and exoO. The transposon lies within exoM, a glucosyl transferase. A cosmid containing exoHKLAMONP of S. meliloti restores exopolysaccharide production by mutant 208T3 to wild-type levels. Although exo mutants of S. meliloti are defective in their abilities to form indeterminate nodules, the capacities of mutant 208T3 and its wild-type parent to form such nodules on five legume species are indistinguishable. Thus the symbiotic function of exopolysaccharide in S. fredii appears to differ fundamentally from that in S. meliloti.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13149.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of genes from Rahnella aquatilis that are necessary for mineral phosphate solubilization in Escherichia coli (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 159 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Rahnella aquatilis is a Gram-negative bacterium that can fix atmospheric nitrogen and also has the ability to solubilize mineral phosphate. We have cloned the genes that confer the mineral phosphate solubilizing (Mps) trait from this organism by mobilizing a cosmid library of R. aquatilis into Escherichia coli HB101. A 7.0-kb EcoRI fragment from a cosmid, when transferred into E. coli strains HB101 and DH5α, conferred the ability to solubilize hydroxyapatite and the production of gluconic acid to E. coli. The relative amounts of soluble phosphate and gluconic acid produced by the cloned 7.0-kb EcoRI fragment in E. coli were significantly higher than those of R. aquatilis. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed two complete open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) and a partial ORF. ORF1 and ORF2 encoded proteins of molecular mass 10 kDa and 44 kDa. The 44-kDa protein showed extensive sequence similarity to pqqE of Erwinia herbicola, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The 10-kDa protein revealed strong similarity to the pqqD of K. pneumoniae and A. calcoaceticus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12850.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of the expression of the nod box-independent nodulation gene, nolX, in Sinorhizobium fredii, a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of legume plants (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 157 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: nolX, a nod box-independent nodulation gene from the nitrogen-fixing symbiont, Sinorhizobium fredii, regulates cultivar-specific nodulation of soybean. Expression of this gene is triggered by isoflavonoid cues from host roots but is not mediated by a typical cis-acting nod box promoter. We have found that two isoflavonoids, daidzein and coumestrol, induce expression of a nolX-lacZ gene fusion at pH values between 5.5 and 8.5, with an optimum at 6.5. Expression of nolX is highly dependent on nutritional status but insensitive to salinity. Methionine and casamino acids, amendments that enhance expression of hrpF, a homologous gene from the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris biovar vesicatoria, have no and strongly negative effects, respectively, on expression of nolX. Growth of S. fredii on rhamnose, galactose, xylose, or myo-inositol as carbon source greatly elevates inducibility in comparison to a standard yeast extract-mannitol medium. None of the tested variables, however, released nolX from its dependence on isoflavonoids as inducers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12746.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ca2+-dependent in vitro phosphorylation of soluble proteins from germinating wheat (Triticum turgidum) endosperm (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 72 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A 40000 g supernatant fraction from extracts of germinating wheat (Triticum turgidum Desf. cv. Edmore) endosperm contains protein kinase activity that phosphorylates several endogenous proteins. In vitro incorporation of radiolabel from [32P]-ATP into phosphoproteins was maximal in the presence of 1 mM CaCl2 and 5 mM MgCl2Ca2+ at micromolar concentrations greatly stimulated the phosphorylation of 49 and 47 kDa polypeptides and also inhibited the phosphorylation of a few specific polypeptides. The phosphorylation of the 49 and 47 kDa polypeptides was present at 2 days after seed germination and was maximal at 8 days. Quantitative protein changes were also detected during the seed germination, but differences could not be correlated with changes in protein phosphorylation. Phosphoamino acid analysis by two dimensional thin-layer electrophoresis showed that the Ca2+-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates a serine residue of the 47 kDa polypeptide. Ca2+-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates a serine residue of the 47 KDa polypeptide. Ca2+ dependent protein phosphorylktion was inhibited by phenothiazine-derived drugs. Addition of S-adenosylmethionine to the in vitro phosphorylation reaction specifically inhibited the Ca2+-dependent protein phosphorylation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1988.tb06374.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new root-nodulating symbiont of the tropical legume Sesbania, Rhizobium sp SIN-1, is closely related to R. galegae, a species that nodulates temperate legumes (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 134 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rhizobium sp. SIN-1, isolated in India from root nodules on the tropical legume Sesbania aculeata, also induces nitrogen-fixing nodules on roots of S. macrocarpa, S. speciosa, S. procumbens, S. punicea, S. rostrata, and Vigna unguiculata. Unlike Azorhizobium caulinodans, SIN-1 does not induce stem nodules on S. rostrata. The nodules induced by SIN-1 develop exclusively at the bases of secondary roots. Electron microscopic studies of mature nodule sections revealed rhizobia within intercellular spaces, indicating a ‘crack entry’ mechanism of root infection. SIN-1 is a fast-growing, acid-producing, salt-tolerant Rhizobium that utilizes a wide variety of carbon sources. The nodulation (nod) genes of this strain are located on a 300-MDa symbiosis (sym) plasmid. Fatty acid profile and sequence comparison of a 260-bp conserved region of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that SIN-1 is phylogenetically closely related to R. galegae, a species that nodulates temperate legumes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07908.x
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