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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Anomopoda ; moult after release ; postembryonicdevelopment ; first instar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the past there were doubts about the existence of a especialmoult after the release of an anomopod embryo from the maternalbrood pouch. This moult occurs in all studied anomopods and marksthe beginning of the first juvenile instar. The term ’neonata (orneanate)‘ must be applied to the unexpanded animal (the terminalphase of embryogenesis) before this moult, and not to the earlyphase of the first postembryonic instar. The latter is the nextstage of development. Using knowledge of the presence of thismoult, it is possible to understand and explain the contradictionsin the periodization of postembryonic development as described bydifferent authors. Under normal conditions males of bosminids andevolutionarily advanced chydorids have only two juvenile instars(with specific morphology) in the course of development. This is anadditional argument to support the idea of close relationship ofthe families Chydoridae and Bosminidae.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 360 (1997), S. 25-32 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Bosminopsis deitersi ; Bosmina ; thoracic limbs ; comparative morphology ; Bosminidmonophyly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A study of the structure of the limbs of Bosminopsis deitersi Richard, 1895 was performed. Thestructure is similar in populations from differentregions. According to Meissner (1903), limbs of Bosminopsis differ from those of Bosminastrongly enough to separate Bosminopsis in aspecial family. However, our observations indicatethat the structure of the limbs of Bosmina andBosminopsis is similar, and conform to thegeneral plan of Bosminid limbs. The first limb isstrongly simplified, and the first limb of males isunique among anomopods. Limbs III–V are lessoligomerized than limbs I–II, and are organizedaccording to the chydorid (and macrothricid) type. Thedegree of oligomerization is different in the twogenera. Comparative information on the limb structurein one genus may contribute to the reconstruction ofthe evolution of a corresponding limb in the othergenus. The uniformity of limb structure within eachgenus, and their similarity between both genera isthought to be a reflection of the monotonous lifeconditions in open water.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 439 (2000), S. 125-139 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: ‘Cladocera’ ; Anomopoda ; Chydoridae ; redescription ; systematics ; Lake Baikal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of the Baikalian Alona labrosa Vasiljeva & Smirnov, 1969 (Chydoridae, Anomopoda, Branchiopoda) is redescribed, based on the type and on new material. A. labrosa is a remarkable species that shows many traits which are unique or rarely observed in Alona, and are a mix of primitive and advanced characters. A close relationship between A. labrosa and the groundwater species A. phreatica Dumont, 1983 was revealed. It is probable that these two species, possible together with some other, will need to be allocated into a subgenus or even genus in the future. However, more detailed investigations of other marginal species of Alona are necessary for understanding the position of A. labrosa among Aloninae.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Cladocera ; Anomopoda ; Chydoridae ; Indialona ; morphology ; systematics ; Indialonini n. trib. ; evolutionary relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The chydorid Indialona ganapati Petkovski, 1966 is redescribed based on material from the sublittoral plankton of Ajwa Reservoir, Ahmedabad, India, and a neotype is selected. Lateral head pores are recorded, and all thoracic limbs are studied in detail. Gamogenetic specimens are described for the first time. Evolutionarily relationships of Indialona and other Aloninae are discussed. A new tribe Indialonini n. trib. is proposed for the sole genus Indialona, while all other genera of Aloninae, as far as is known, compose the tribe Alonini s. str. A diagnosis of both tribes and a key for their discrimination is proposed. Sharp differences between these tribes are found in some characters of the thoracic limbs. The limbs of the Indialonini are more oligomerized than those of the Alonini, and a strong oligomerization is characteristic of limbs I–II.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Ctenopoda ; late embryogenesis ; staging ; embryonic instars ; embryonic moults
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The embryonic development of two ctenopods Sida crystallina and Diaphanosoma brachyurum has been investigated by observing living embryos removed from the female brood pouches. The sequence of morphological changes was analysed, as was the time at which the activity of certain organs began. The timing of these events at 21–22 °C is documented for both species. During embryogenesis four membranes are cast off. The growth in length of embryos began only after the shedding of the external egg envelope. Growth rates throughout embryogenesis are documented. A new outline of ctenopod embryogenesis is proposed. It includes four stages (= instars) demarcated by the shedding of membranes (= moults), as is commonly accepted for juvenile and mature animals in ctenopods and other crustacean groups. These instars are well distinguished morphologically. Their characteristics are presented. Differences in the duration of embryogenesis in Sida and Diaphanosoma are explained by greater extension of the first, and especially the fourth, instars of Sida, while the duration of the second and third instars are approximately the same in both. A list of instar features is given which may be used to determine the instar (and approximate age) of embryos in the broud pouch of ctenopod females from natural populations.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Ilyocryptus ; Anomopoda ; new species ; taxonomy ; Australia ; Queensland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract All representatives of the genus Ilyocryptus with short lateral setae at the postanal margin of the postabdomen may be separated into the compact species group I. brevidentatus s. lat. A new species of Ilyocryptus from this group is described from the Lake Numalla, Queensland, Australia. I. smirnovi n. sp. shows clear morphological differences in the armature of the valve, postabdomen, and several other structures, from all other species of the group. Differences between members of the above-mentioned species group are analogous with those between European species, listed by Štifter (1991).
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 428 (2000), S. 115-128 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: `Cladocera' ; Anomopoda ; Ilyocryptus tuberculatus ; morphology ; redescription ; Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of Ilyocryptus tuberculatus Brehm, 1913 is redescribed, based on material from the Niger basin, Africa. The species name was given by Brehm erroneously, because under an optical microscope he mistook internal structures (the columns between the outer and inner walls of the valves) for the tubercules on the valve surface. But this species is undoubtedly valid, and `incorrect' species names must be conserved. Differences between I. tuberculatus and the most similar I. agilis (probably absent from the majority of African waters), I. spinifer (common in Africa), and some other species are discussed. Currently, I. tuberculatus is known for the Central African Republic, Mali and Niger.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: `Cladocera' ; Anomopoda ; Chydoridae ; redescription ; Parakozhowia new genus ; systematics ; Lake Baikal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The five endemic species of Kozhowia Vasiljeva & Smirnov, 1969 (Branchiopoda: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) are redescribed based on material from Lake Baikal, including types of all species. Two well-defined groups were found. A new genus Parakozhowia n.gen., with one species, P. baicalensis Vasiljeva & Smirnov, 1969 n. comb., is erected. An extended diagnosis for the genus Kozhowia is presented. Parakozhowia n. gen. differs from Kozhowia in (1) antennal formula; (2) proportions of postabdomen; (3) number of setae on exopodite IV; (4) presence of soft setae of endopodite IV; (5) presence of a limb VI, and (6) presence of an inflated rostrum in the adult male of Kozhowia. An improved key for the discrimination of the species is given. Thoracic limbs of all species were given special attention. There are six setae on exopodite IV in Parakozhowia n.gen., as normal for Aloninae, while only four setae and a rudimentary hillock were detected on exopodite IV in the species of Kozhowia. Kozhowia is a true member of the Aloninae, and the closest relative of Parakozhowia and Camptocercus, meaning that the diagnosis of the Aloninae must be amended: the number of setae on exopodite IV in Aloninae may vary from 4 to 6.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Branchiopoda ; ‘Cladocera’ ; Anomopoda ; Macrothrix tripectinata ; morphology ; redescription ; taxonomy ; key ; Eurasia ; distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The rare Macrothrix tripectinata Weisig, 1934 is redescribed on material from the East Pamirs (Tajikistan) and Tuva (Russia). Adult and juvenile parthenogenetic females and adult males were studied using optical microscopy and SEM. The thoracic appendages and the molar surface of mandibles were investigated in detail. Selected ‘conventional’ diagnostic features are critically reviewed. The importance of characters, rarely used in the systematics of Macrothrix, such as: type of valve reticulation, similarity or dissimilarity in size of the terminal esthetascs of the antennules of females and males, presence of an abdominal projection and reticulation on the postabdomen, presence, length and armature of a male seta on the antennule, are discussed. A key for the Eurasian species of Macrothrix is proposed.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Anomopoda ; Ilyocryptidae ; Ilyocryptus spinifer ; morphology ; North America ; neotype ; redescription
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphology of Ilyocryptus spinifer Herrick, 1882 is redescribed based on material from USA and Canada with special attention to features, regarded now as important for Ilyocryptidae taxonomy. Morphological variability is analysed, and a neotype of this species is designated from Lake Alice Bog, MN, USA. Scanning electron microscopy is used to illustrate fine morphological details. Males, ephippial females and ephippia are described for the first time for North American populations. Historical descriptions of well-known previous North American authors are critically discussed. Only a single species from I. spinifer s. lat. species group is present in USA and Canada, Ilyocryptus longiremis Sars 1888 is a junior synonym of I. spinifer.
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