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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 20 (1964), S. 450-450 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Lokale Kühlung des Rückenmarks bei Katzen in Barbituratnarkose führte zu einer Steigerung der Aktivität sowohl der α- als auch derγ-Motoneurone, die durch Wiedererwärmung wieder rückgängig gemacht werden konnte. Die Schwelle für diese Aktivitätssteigerung lag bei denγ-Motoneuronen niedriger als bei den α-Motoneuronen. Erwärmung über die Ausgangstemperaturen unterdrückte eine bei normaler Temperatur vorhandene Spontanaktivität derγ-Motoneurone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 1 (1957), S. 263-264 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 15 (1971), S. 134-140 
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 145 (1973), S. 229-245 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spinal cord, rat ; Motoneurons, interneurons ; Antidromic stimulation ; Activity pattern ; Cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unter standardisierten Reizbedingungen lassen sich Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Nervenzellkomplexen und Hirndurchblutung aus dem Grad der neuronalen Kernvergrößerung und der gleichzeitig gemessenen Längenänderung der erythrocytengefüllten Kapillarstrecke in der Gewebseinheit ableiten. Innerhalb der ersten Phase (1.–3. Std) einer achtstündigen Dauerstimulation des linken medialen und lateralen N. gastrocnemius von Albinoratten (Frequenz: 1 Hz; Impulsdauer: 0,1 msec; Reizstärke: Supramaximal zur antidromen Stimulation von α-Motoneuronen) beobachtet man in den ipsilateralen Segmenten L6-S1 eine 10–15%ige Abnahme der Kernfläche antidrom gereizter Motoneurone (Kernfläche 〉150 μm2). Gleichzeitig erfolgt über Axonkollateralen der stimulierten Gastrocnemius-Motoneurone eine transsynaptische Aktivierung kleinkerniger Interneurone (Kernfläche: etwa 40 μm2). In der zweiten Phase (5.–7. Std) werden ipsi- und kontralaterale Interneurone mit größerer Kernfläche (50–70 μm2) in die Reizausbreitung einbezogen. Erst nach siebenstündiger Reizung sprechen auch große Neurone (Kernfläche 〉150 μm2) an, die kontralateral zu der direkt stimulierten Rückenmarkshälfte liegen. Somit führt die synchrone, antidrome Erregung aller linksseitigen α-Motoneurone des Gastrocnemius-Kerns zu phasenhaften Aktivitätsschwankungen benachbarter Interneurone unterschiedlicher Kerngröße. Ausmaß und Zeitverlauf der Kernreaktion hängen von der Ganglienzellgröße und dem Reizweg ab. Parallel mit der zunehmenden Aktivierung von Neuronen steigt die Gewebsdurchblutung, sichtbar an der allmählichen Eröffnung des gesamten Kapillarbetts in der linksseitigen Vorderhornregion der Segmente L6-S1 (Maximale Kapillarlänge: etwa 800 mm/mm3). Die Verknüpfung der Änderung von Kapillarlänge mit der Kernreaktion bestimmter Neuronentypen durch Berechnung der entsprechenden Korrelationskoeffizienten ergibt, daß die Mehrdurchblutung in der ersten Phase von der Aktivität der antidrom gereizten Motoneurone, in der zweiten Phase von transsynaptisch stimulierten Interneuronen bestimmt wird.
    Notes: Summary Functional interrelationships between nerve cell complexes and blood vessels in the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord can be established by measuring changes of nuclear area of neurons and length of blood-filled capillaries during long-lasting controlled antidromic stimulation of both left gastrocnemius nerves in albino rats (frequency: 1 Hz; duration: 0.1 msec; supramaximal strength to depolarize α-motoneurons). During the first three hours of stimulation antidromically activated motoneurons (nuclear area 〉150 μm2) respond by a decrease of their nuclear area (10–15%). At the same time a transsynaptic bombardment of small interneurons (nuclear area about 40 μm2) via collaterals of directly stimulated motor axons results in an increase of their nuclear area. Between the fifth and seventh hour of continuous stimulation the larger interneurons (50–70 μm2) are activated in both left and right halves of segments L6-S1. Seven hours of continuous stimulation are needed to activate large neurons (nuclear area 〉150 μm2) situated contralaterally to the anti-dromically discharged left gastrocnemius motoneurons. Therefore, synchronous antidromic stimulation of left gastrocnemius motoneurons is followed by phasic activation of nearby interneurons of different nuclear size. The increase of neuronal activity is accompanied by a continuous opening of capillaries up to a total length of about 800 mm/mm3 in the left ventral horn of segments L6-S1. Significant coefficients of correlation indicate that during the first three hours of stimulation the antidromic depolarization of gastrocnemius motoneurons results in increased spinal capillary circulation, but in the second period (5–7 hours) this process relates to trans-synaptically activated interneurons.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Motoneurones ; Triceps surae muscle ; Retrograde labelling (Evans blue) ; Excitability ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Evans blue was injected into either the medial and lateral gastrocnemius or the soleus muscle of adult albino rats to mark retrogradely the corresponding motoneurones in the spinal cord. The labelled motoneurones were identified by the red fluorescence of their perikarya in the ventral horn of segments L4–L6. In addition, a monosynaptic reflex action potential was recorded only in the ventral roots L4–L6 after stimulation of the nerves to the medial and lateral gastrocnemius and the soleus muscle. Excitability and reflex latencies of labelled and unlabelled motoneurones of segments L4–L6 as well as the conduction velocities of their axons were measured. Apart from a small but statistically nonsignificant increase in excitability, no functional differences were found between labelled and control neurones. Thus, retrograde labelling of motoneurones with Evans blue prior to performing electrophysiological experiments has the advantage that the marked motoneurones can be identified under the fluorescence microscope without the need of additional staining or fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1964-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4754
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1971-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0020-7128
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1254
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1957-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0020-7128
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1254
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by Springer
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