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  • 1
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    The PERCIVAL detector: first user experiments (2022)
    International Union of Crystallography | 5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-13
    Description: The PERCIVAL detector is a CMOS imager designed for the soft X‐ray regime at photon sources. Although still in its final development phase, it has recently seen its first user experiments: ptychography at a free‐electron laser, holographic imaging at a storage ring and preliminary tests on X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy. The detector performed remarkably well in terms of spatial resolution achievable in the sample plane, owing to its small pixel size, large active area and very large dynamic range; but also in terms of its frame rate, which is significantly faster than traditional CCDs. In particular, it is the combination of these features which makes PERCIVAL an attractive option for soft X‐ray science.
    Keywords: ddc:548 ; X‐ray detectors ; soft X‐rays ; ptychography ; holographic imaging ; XPCS ; detectors
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconducting metastable phase in rapid quenched Y–Pd–B–C borocarbides : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5860-5862 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Rapid quenched (RQ) palladium-based borocarbides with large fractions of the superconducting phase (Tc(approximately-greater-than)20 K) have been obtained. Superconductivity is found to exist only in the RQ state. Thus, while the as cast YPd2B2C is nonsuperconducting, the RQ material superconducts and has an x-ray diffraction (XRD)-pattern characteristic of a face-centered cubic fcc lattice with a lattice parameter of 4.15 A(ring). A sequential annealing study shows decay of the superconducting phase above 750 °C which correlates well with the reduction in the integral intensities of the XRD fcc peaks. A tentative phase diagram for superconductivity in the Y–Pd–B–C systems is presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362151
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The change of magnetic properties in nanocrystalline Fe88Zr7B4Cu1 alloy by cooling rate : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5153-5155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the effect of cooling rate, followed immediately after the isothermal annealing, on the magnetic properties of melt-spun Fe88Zr7B4Cu1 alloy. As the cooling rate is increased, the effective permeability, 2×104, improved by 50% on annealing at around 650 °C. The remanence ratio is also found to concomitantly decrease with the increasing cooling rate. The increase of permeability and decrease of remanence ratio are consistent with the expected suppression of the induced magnetic anisotropy. From an analysis of the transmission electron microscopy micrographs, and the x-ray diffraction spectral intensities, we find that the volume fraction of the amorphous matrix to that of the nanocrystallized magnetic entities to be about 20%, at which the permeability has the maximum value for this system. Scanning electron microscopy and antiferromagnetic investigations show a much smoother surface morphology with a finer grain distribution in the rapidly quenched sample. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361538
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of exchange energy and magnetic anisotropy on the nanocrystalline alloy : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4649-4651 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the influence of exchange energy and magnetic anisotropy on the magnetic properties of nanocrystalline materials. Amorphous ribbons of composition Fe88Zr7B4Cu1 have been annealed between about 500 and 700 °C. Temperature dependence of magnetization was carried out and nanocrystallized magnetic entities were investigated using the mean field theory and random anisotropy model obtained ferromagnetic correlation length and magneto-crystalline anisotropy constant. The best soft magnetic properties were observed annealed at 650 °C for the smallest magneto-crystalline anisotropy constant (K1) of about 1.40×104 erg/cm3. We obtained average magnetic anisotropy of 0.81 erg/cm3 which is almost negligible compared with K1 at an annealing temperature of 650 °C. The local magneto-crystalline anisotropy is randomly averaged out by strong exchange interaction so that this mechanism provides the basis for the good soft magnetic properties. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365513
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New method for thermal desorption spectroscopy using field electron emission microscopy (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 2573-2575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have developed a new method for thermal desorption spectroscopy using field electron emission microscopy. To investigate the validity of our method, we have performed hydrogen adsorption experiments on the well known W(100) and W(110) surfaces and also on W(310). The thermal desorption spectra of these systems show that this method permits the study of adsorption on various single crystal plans of a metal with one sample. This method also gives information about the dipole direction of the adsorbates directly from the thermal desorption spectrum without additional measurement of the work function change induced by adsorbates. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147216
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voltage dependence of magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions with AlN tunnel barrier (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 92 (2002), S. 1095-1098 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The voltage dependence of magnetoresistance (MR) and the low-frequency voltage fluctuation were studied in magnetic tunnel junctions with an AlN or an Al2O3 barrier formed by plasma nitridation or oxidation. The junctions consist of free and pinned NiFe layers by a FeMn antiferromagnetic layer. For the Al2O3 junction, the variation of half-reduction voltage of MR is about 50 mV from 401.3 mV in maximum to 351.4 mV in minimum depending upon the oxidation time. For the AlN junction, the less nitrided junction with a nitridation time of 120 s shows the higher-half-reduction voltage by about 100 mV than for optimally nitrided or oxidized ones. From the low-frequency voltage noise data, the less nitrided AlN junction shows larger 1/f noise magnitude compared with other junctions with an optimal condition, implying more defect states in the barrier due to unnitrided Al metals. In order to investigate the influence of nitrogen on ferromagnetic layer, another junction with an Al2O3 barrier was made after the pinned NiFe layer was exposed to N2 plasma for 10 s. This junction reveals a lower MR and worse bias voltage dependence than any junctions studied here. The voltage dependence of MR, therefore, is likely influenced by the interface state rather than the defects in the barrier, although the two factors play an important role in determining MR. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1488252
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of yttrium on the magnetic properties of amorphous Fe91−xYxZr9 alloys : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4640-4642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this article, we investigate and discuss the influence of the substituting Fe with Y on the magnetic properties of amorphous Fe91Zr9 alloys prepared by single-roll melt spinning technique. The temperature dependence of magnetization for amorphous Fe91−xYxZr9 alloys, at low fields, shows the existence of antiferromagnetic (AFM) couplings between Fe atoms. On increasing the concentration of Y, the strength of the AFM interactions is suppressed and the Curie temperature TC increases, which can be explained on the basis of the atomic size effect of Y. From an analysis of the approach to saturation magnetization MS, the magnetic moment μFe per Fe atom, anisotropy field, and local random anisotropy constant K1 have been extracted. It is found that μFe increases from 1.57 to 2.04 μB and K1 decreases with increasing Y concentration. This result suggests that the substitution Fe with Y seems to favor the increase of magnetic order by reducing the random anisotropy and thus change the magnetic structure from being an asperomagnetic to a ferromagnetic one. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365510
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement and theory of the pressure dependence of zero-dispersion wavelength for communications fibers (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 58-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The pressure dependencies of the zero-dispersion wavelength λ0 for dispersion-shifted fiber on the spool and in a submarine lightwave (SL) cabled sample were measured using pressures P up to 10 kpsi. The spool results showed a mean zero-dispersion shift dλ0/dP of close to +0.04 nm/kpsi. The corresponding shift for the SL cabled fiber was much smaller (less than 0.01 nm/kpsi) and the results were much less reproducible. This was believed to be due to the pressure-shielding effect of the cable structure. A theoretical calculation of dλ0/dP has been carried out for the unshielded fiber using a two-term (electronic and lattice) Sellmeier formalism. Assuming the dominant effect to be of fiber material (rather than waveguide design) origin, we find that the electronic and lattice contributions are of opposite sign with a resultant that agrees with experiment to within the combined accuracy of the experiment and theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355844
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular dynamics simulation of a Langmuir–Blodgett film (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 8390-8401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure and dynamics of a Langmuir–Blodgett film of stearic acid, physisorbed on graphite, has been examined by a combination of energy minimization and molecular dynamics. The model predicts that the molecules of this system are normal to the surface at head group areas below 21 A(ring)2, but tilted away from the normal at head group areas above 21 A(ring)2, and that this change occurs over a very small range in head group area. The system exhibited cooperative reorientations involving the average tilt and precessional angles. Gauche bond defects tended to appear near the ends of the molecules, and did not open up any significant free volume within the layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.460071
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray photoelectron spectra of lead oxides (1973)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 45 (1973), S. 2214-2218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60335a009
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