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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature effect on a rubbed polyimide alignment layer (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 155-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measurements are reported for the optical phase retardation of a polyimide-coated liquid crystal alignment layer that was rubbed at different temperatures. It was found that rubbing at higher temperatures results in an enhancement of the retardation, sometimes quite significantly. Two mechanisms that may explain the anisotropy of the alignment layer, one by local heating and the other by mechanical pressure, are discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371837
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface plasmons and breakdown in thin silicon dioxide films on silicon (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 1430-1438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The anode hole injection model is based on a surface plasmon model in which the positive charge is generated by hole injection from the anode, where it is generated via a surface plasmon mechanism resulting finally in oxide breakdown. Attempts to detect the surface plasmons can rely only on indirect observations, such as electron-energy loss, the radiative decay of the surface plasmons, or d2I/dV2 measurements. These measurements show that the emission of surface plasmons is both a strong energy-loss mechanism and an electron-hole pair generation mechanism, particularly in poly-Si/SiO2 or poly-Si/vacuum interfaces. Calculation of the surface plasmon excitation threshold energy is shown to decrease with increasing temperature and is also confirmed by experiments. Thus, the positive charge density increases and the charge to breakdown decreases with increasing temperature. We have also measured and observed the surface plasmon excitation threshold energy at the poly-Si/SiO2 interface from the electron energy loss spectrum for the first time. The surface plasmon mechanism explains the oxide thickness and gate thickness dependence of the positive charge density and temperature dependence of the charge to breakdown. The calculated electron threshold energy to generate a positive oxide charge by the surface plasmon mechanism is EC–Si+2.24 eV. Also, the origin of substrate hole current can be explained by this proposed mechanism. Therefore, the anode hole injection model based upon surface plasmons is a reasonable thin oxide breakdown model that explains measured observations. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368178
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of carrier distributions in a depletion region of semiconductor measured by a capacitance-voltage profile method (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 75-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is well known that carrier depth profiles obtained by the capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurement method provide carrier information only beyond the initial semiconductor depletion region. A novel new method has been developed within the depletion approximation for obtaining carrier depth profiles inside the initial depletion region of a semiconductor through the combined use of the layer-removal technique and C-V profile measurements. This method has been successfully demonstrated through simulated C-V profile data created from a known Gaussian distribution of Si-implanted GaAs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102656
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rubbing strength dependence of surface interaction potential and surface-induced order above the nematic–isotropic transition (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 6027-6033 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical retardation measurements as a function of rubbing strength are reported for both rubbed polyimide-coated substrates and cells containing the liquid crystal hexylcyanobiphenyl. Our analysis assumes a Sheng surface interaction potential of the form −GSsδ(z), where Ss is the order parameter of the liquid crystal at the interface and G is related to the rubbing strength. Moreover, we assume that there can be a distribution ΔG in the parameter G. Several features are noted: There appears to be a minimum rubbing strength before the onset of substantial surface-induced order in the liquid crystal; the parameter that characterizes the interaction potential between the polyimide and liquid crystal is proportional to the optical retardation of the polyimide-coated substrate; and, in light of our analysis, there are substantial inhomogeneities in the liquid crystal interaction potential and surface order parameter, perhaps even on length scales comparable to the nematic correlation length. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368912
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical retardation of rub-induced scratches in a polyimide-treated substrate (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 1917-1919 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical retardation measurements were performed on rubbed polyimide-coated substrates used for liquid-crystal cells. Based on measurements with and without a refractive index matching fluid, the retardation component due to the rub-induced scratches was extracted, and found to dominate the total retardation at higher rubbing strengths. Additionally, atomic force microscope measurements were performed to examine the rub-induced surface topography. The retardation calculated from the topography measurements was found to be in agreement with the optical results.© 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121226
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple model for patterned bidirectional anchoring of nematic liquid crystal and its bistability (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 374-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An effective anchoring model for the patterned surface with bidirectional rubbing by atomic force microscope was proposed. The model was a simple additive function of two bidirectional anchoring contributions of the patterned surface, with consideration of higher-order terms of the anchoring function. The bistable switching behavior of the nematic liquid crystal cells with the patterned surface was investigated analytically and numerically using this anchoring model. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1435070
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface alignment bistability of nematic liquid crystals by orientationally frustrated surface patterns (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3055-3057 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate a robust in-plane bistability of liquid-crystal surface alignment based on tailored submicrometer-sized surface domains imposing a frustrated alignment. By a nanorubbing technique utilizing the atomic force microscope, we prepared an orientational checkerboard pattern on polyimide layer, consisting of square unit domains on which the alignment is locally constrained to be planar yet orthogonal between the neighboring domains. Due to the four-fold rotational symmetry of the pattern, the two diagonal axes of the square domain become equally stable directions for the macroscopic liquid crystal alignment. The alignment could be switched between these two states by an in-plane electric field above a certain threshold, determined by the local azimuthal anchoring. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1371246
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tristable nematic liquid-crystal device using micropatterned surface alignment (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 420 (2002), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It has long been appreciated that liquid-crystal (LC) devices in which the LC molecules adopt multiple stable orientations could drastically reduce the power consumption required for high-information-content displays. But for the commonly used nematic LCs, which are intrinsically uniaxial in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01163
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of second-harmonic optical susceptibility using Rayleigh scattering (1993)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 25 (1993), S. 853-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report a simple method to measure relative second-harmonic optical susceptibilities of crystals by use of Rayleigh scattering. We use two crystals with fixed alignments: one is a phase-matched crystal with varying degrees of phase matching, which serves as a reference point of the phase relationship and a source for the second-harmonic beam to be incident on the sample crystal, and the other is a sample crystal for measurement. The second-harmonic signals generated from each of the two crystals are superposed in the sample crystal to give Rayleigh scattering at the second-harmonic frequency, the analysis of which can determine the relative values of the second-harmonic optical susceptibilities of the sample crystals. We have applied this method to obtain d 14 (KDP)≃1.8 d 36 (KDP), d 36 (ADP)≃1.1 d 36 (KDP), d 31 (KTP)≃15 d 36 (KDP), d 32 (KTP)≃13 d 36 (KDP), where d 36 of KDP crystals was taken as a reference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430191
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Local Wall Thinning on Maximum Load Carrying Capacities of Elbows underBending (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 345-346 (Aug. 2007), p. 517-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper provides closed-form plastic limit load solutions for elbows with local wallthinning under in-plane bending, via three-dimensional (3-D), small strain FE limit analyses usingelastic-perfectly plastic materials. Wide ranges of elbow and thinning geometries are considered
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/54/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.345-346.517.pdf
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