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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Chaos 5 (1995), S. 70-75 
    ISSN: 1089-7682
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: After listening to a sound that is presented repeatedly, subjects report hearing different transforms of the original sound. The frequency of reported transforms is a sensitive index of some speech disorders as well as cognitive flexibility in aging. In this paper, we propose and investigate quantitative measures that characterize the dynamics of this phenomenon, known as the verbal transformation effect. In particular, we show that the distribution of the dwell time, the time spent perceiving a string of a given phonemic form before switching to another form, obeys a power law for normal subjects with an exponent valued between 1 and 2. This result suggests that within this paradigm there is no characteristic time scale for the perceptual process. Additionally, we analyze the correlation properties of the transforms. We suggest that the complexity measures and techniques introduced here might be useful diagnostic tools for a number of speech and cognitive disorders. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Chaos 5 (1995), S. 64-69 
    ISSN: 1089-7682
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using a sensorimotor coordination task in conjunction with an array of SQUIDs (Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices) we demonstrate critical instabilities in human brain activity patterns. Analysis of the dominant spatial pattern of the brain and its time-varying amplitude displays a task-dependent geometry characteristic of Šil'nikov-like chaos, which changes qualitatively at the transition. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ecology of freshwater fish 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Lamprey, Geotria australis, are widely distributed in New Zealand and are common in streams and rivers of the west coast of both islands, the southern tip of the North Island, the Banks Peninsula and the southern coast of the South Island. In fresh water, lamprey are found in association with all substrate types but are most commonly (〉 50% of the sample sites) found in association with finer gravels. There is insufficient evidence to determine any change in historically abundant adult spawning migrations. Spawning, back calculated from larval growth rates, probably occurs late November-December, and emergence at 9.63 mm occurs in January. We estimate that, on average, ammocoetes grow 0.068 mm/day throughout the year, and metamorphose and emigrate to sea between January-May, 3.5 years after spawning at 101 mm (SD = 6.7).
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ecology of freshwater fish 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Lamprey ammocoetes typically emerge from the substrate at night in their search for suitable habitat. When presented with a range in substrate depths, ammocoetes were found in deeper layers (〉2.5 cm, range 1.0–7.7) of substrate and were usually in the deepest substrate. When offered a choice between 0.2 mm and any other coarser substrate, ammocoetes selected the coarser substrates in apparent contradiction with current knowledge. When offered a choice between intermediate (0.6, 0.85 mm) and coarse (1.5, 3.5 mm) substrates, ammocoetes were found in intermediate substrates. Geotria australis ammocoetes grew 0.10 mm day−1 and 0.00038 g day−1 when held in the laboratory and fed adlibitum. Survival was 90% over 154 days. Ammocoetes grew better in the laboratory on a diet of yeast and mixed plankters than in New Zealand streams and apparently selected substrate on the basis of underlying, not surficial, particle size and substrate depth.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ecology of freshwater fish 4 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Brook charr 15 months old were introduced in 1985 into one of two self-contained basins of Batchawana Lake, Ontario, Canada, where they survived and reproduced. Population survival rates (ages ≥ 1) remained high (〉50%) from 1986 to 1992. Annual growth rates peaked (Gx=3.1) the year following their introduction, and remained between 0.8 and 1.6 thereafter. Brook charr biomass (B) was highest, ∼ 55 kg ∼ ha−1 in 1987 and 1990, and production (P) gradually declined from 80–90 in 1986–1987 to ∼ 30 kg-ha−1 -year−1 in 1990–1991. Initial high P:B ratios for brook charr, ∼ 3.0, declined and stabilized to ∼ 1.3 in the third year after introduction.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ecology of freshwater fish 2 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0633
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Geotria australis occurred almost to the upstream limit of detectable discharge in two New Zealand streams. The length, and consequently age, of larvae differed over the course of the stream and smallest animals - presumed to be age 0 - predominated upstream. Metamorphosing larvae (mean length 99.5 mm) typically occurred in downstream reaches, where flows were higher and substrate was coarser. We estimated that annual larval survival was 47% for age 0 to 1 and 77% for age 1 to 2. Differences in the relation between length and weight occurred both between years within a stream and between streams; thus, we assume growth is generally variable. The density of ammocoetes in New Zealand streams ranged from 0 to 104 m−2 and was significantly related to substrate type and depth in a multiple linear regression model. Because of the predictable nature of lamprey distribution and abundance, we believe it should be possible to estimate the absolute abundance of ammocoetes in a catchment with only a limited assessment of substrate properties.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 12 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Walleye, Stizostedion vitreum vitreum, generally moved along shore, mostly within 100 m, and were relatively inactive during the day. Activity, probably in relation to feeding, increased coincident with changing light intensity during the onset of darkness and daylight. Data were corroborative from ultrasonic tracking, gill net catches and echograms. Ultrasonic telemetry indicated that the majority of swimming speeds, 86%, were below 1 B.L. s−1 and maximum swimming speeds, up to 3.7 B.L. s−1, coincided with periods of maximum catches by gill net shortly after dusk. Walleye were consistently in the essentially homo-thermous epilimnion and did not experience wide variations in ambient temperature. However, since light strongly influences activity, it is likely that light level rather than temperature limits the depth distribution of walleye.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 392 (1998), S. 814-818 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] That animals and humans can accomplish the same goal using different effectors and different goals using the same effectors attests to the remarkable flexibility of the central nervous system. This phenomenon has been termed ‘motor equivalence’,, an example being the writing of a ...
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Human Evolution 12 (1983), S. 695-696 
    ISSN: 0047-2484
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 504 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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