ALBERT

Description: The dataset includes solid-phase geochemistry data of sediment cores from Site C0023 (Hole A) that was recovered during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 370 in the Nankai Trough offshore Japan in the Pacific Ocean (Drilling vessel Chikyu). Site C0023 was established on 17 September 2016. Coring terminated on 3 November 2016. Stable carbon isotopes of total organic carbon measurement occurred on an EA-IRMS system after complete decalcification of homogenized sediment samples with 10% HCl. The δ13C-TOC values are expressed relative to VPDB (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite).

Description: Hemipelagic sediments contained in 7 cc plastic cubes were analyzed for paleomagnetic and rock magnetic properties. Samples were collected from Hole C0023A drilled during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 370, off Cape Muroto, Shikoku Island, Japan, which took place in 2016 (Heuer et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.370.2017). A series of magnetic measurements were carried out at the Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Japan. These analyses include magnetic susceptibility, natural remanent magnetization and its alternating field demagnetization, anhysteretic remanent magnetization, and isothermal remanent magnetization. Detailed rock magnetic measurements, which include hysteresis parameters, characterize magnetic mineral assemblages in terms of abundance, grain size, and composition. For further information on the methodology, please refer to “Read Me” document.

Description: The dataset includes rock magnetic end-member unmixing data of sediment cores from Site C0023 (Hole A) that was recovered during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 370 in the Nankai Trough offshore Japan in the Pacific Ocean (Drilling vessel Chikyu). Site C0023 was established on 17 September 2016. Coring terminated on 3 November 2016. End-member modelling of isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) acquisition curves were performed to characterize the iron mineralogy. IRM acquisition curves were measured using a Princeton Measurements Corporation Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). IRM was imparted stepwise (non-linearly) up to a maximum field of 1 T with an averaging time of 200 ms. Unmixing of IRM acquisition curves were performed using the web application MAX UnMix by Maxbauer et al. (2016). Mean coervity (Bh) is given in log10 B mT and dispersion parameter (DP) in log. EC is the extrapolated contribution to the total IRM.

Description: The dataset includes solid-phase geochemistry data of sediment cores from Site C0023 (Hole A) that was recovered during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 370 in the Nankai Trough offshore Japan in the Pacific Ocean (Drilling vessel Chikyu). Site C0023 was established on 17 September 2016. Coring terminated on 3 November 2016. Algal lipid biomarker analysis was performed after Sturt et al. (2004) and HPLC-MS analyses after Becker et al. (2015). Biomarker concentrations are reported as the integrated peak area of the sum of all detected diols normalized to kg extracted sediment (PA/kg).

Description: Sea surface temperature data based on the tetraether index based on glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers consisting of 86 carbon atoms (TEX86) and unsaturated ketone index (UK'37) paleothermometers as well as methane index (MI) and branched and isoprenoid tetraether index (BIT) values of the past 1 Ma at Site U1437.

Description: Concentrations of plant wax lipids (long-chain n-alkanes, n-alcohols, and nonacosan-10-ol), the carbon preference index of n-alkanes, the branched and isoprenoid tetraether index (BIT), and mass accumulation rates of total organic carbon (TOC) and C37 alkenones.

Description: The dataset comprises fractional abundances of individual isoprenoid and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) and C37 alkenones of samples from the past 1 Ma at Site 350-U1437 relevant for the calculation of the TEX86 (tetraether index based on glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers consisting of 86 carbon atoms), methane index (MI), branched and isoprenoid tetraether index (BIT), and the unsaturated ketone index (UK'37), respectively. The ketone-bearing fractions were measured on an Agilent 7980 GC coupled to an Agilent 5975 MS (Agilent, Germany). The polar fractions were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) using an Alliance 2690 HPLC (Waters, UK) and a Quattro LC triple quadrupole MS (Micromass, UK) to measure glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs).

Description: Selected elemental ratios (Ba/Al and Al/Ca*1000) calculated from individual element abundances in counts per second (cps) as measured via X-ray fluorescence (XRF)-scanning of the uppermost 120 meters below seafloor of Site U1437.

Description: Hemipelagic sediments contained in 7 cc plastic cubes were analyzed for paleomagnetic and rock magnetic properties. Samples were collected from Holes U1518E and U1518F drilled during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 375, northern Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand, which took place in 2018 (Wallace et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.proc.372B375.2019). These analyses include magnetic susceptibility, natural remanent magnetization (NRM) and its alternating field (AF) demagnetization, anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM), and isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM). Detailed rock magnetic measurements, which include hysteresis parameters, aim at characterizing the magnetic mineral assemblages. For further information on the methodology, please refer to “Read Me” document.

Description: Sediment core U1437B was drilled during International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 350 in 2014. The aim of this study was to infer information on the paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic evolution of the Northwest Pacific Ocean and adjacent East Asian continent over the past 1 Ma. For this, 174 freeze-dried and homogenized sediment samples from Site U1437 Hole B were extracted using a solvent mixture of dichloromethane:methanol (93:7, v:v) at elevated temperature (75° ) and pressure (50 bar) using a Büchi Speed Extractor (Büchi, Switzerland). Total lipid extracts were desulfurized and an aliquot with an added standard mixture was measured on an Agilent 7980 gas chromatograph (GC) coupled to an Agilent 5975 mass spectrometer (MS) to quantify long- chain n-alkanes, n-alcohols, and nonacosan-10-ol. Another aliquot of the total lipid extracts was separated into apolar, ketone and polar fractions using column chromatography. The ketone-bearing fractions were subsequently measured on an Agilent 7980 GC coupled to an Agilent 5975 MS (Agilent, Germany). The polar fractions were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) using an Alliance 2690 HPLC (Waters, UK) and a Quattro LC triple quadrupole MS (Micromass, UK) to measure glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs). Total organic carbon contents were determined on 200 mg decarbonized sediment powder using an ELTRA CS- 580A elemental analyzer. Additionally, sections 350-U1437B-1H-1A to 17F-4A, comprising the uppermost 120 m of Hole B and corresponding to the past 1 Ma, were scanned using an ITRAX micro-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanner at Kochi Core Center, Japan. XRF spectra were generated every 2 cm with an exposure time of 60 sec. The X-ray beam was generated with a 3 kW Mo tube run at 30 kV and 55 mA. Sea surface temperature estimates calculated from the unsaturated ketone index (UK'37) and GDGT- based tetraether index (TEX86) as well as GDGT-based methane index (MI) and branched and isoprenoid tetraether index (BIT) values are reported in Dataset S1. Dataset S2 contains summed concentrations of long-chain n-alkanes, n-alcohols and nonacosan-10- ol, as well as mass accumulation rates of TOC and C37 alkenones, which were calculated using linear sedimentation rates, alkenone or TOC contents, and dry bulk densities from shipboard measurements (Tamura et al., 2015). Fractional abundances of individual GDGTs and C37 ketones are reported in Dataset S3. Dataset S4 comprises ratios of selected elements calculated from XRF scanning measurements on core sections of the uppermost 120 meters below seafloor of Site U1437 Hole B.