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  • 1
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    Remote sensing measurements of the CO2 mixing ratio in the Planetary Boundary Layer using cloud slicing with airborne lidar (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: We have measured the CO 2 volume mixing ratio (VMR) within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) using cloud slicing with an airborne pulsed integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar from altitudes of up to 13 km. During a flight over Iowa in 2011, simultaneous measurement of the optical range and CO 2 absorption to clouds and the ground were made using time-resolved detection of pulse echoes from each scattering surface. We determined the CO 2 absorption in the PBL by differencing the two lidar-measured absorption lineshapes, one to a broken shallow cumulus cloud layer located at the top of the PBL and the other to the ground. Solving for the CO 2 VMR in the PBL and that of the free troposphere, we measured a ≈15 ppm (4%) drawdown in the PBL. Both CO 2 VMRs were within ≈3 ppm of in situ CO 2 profile measurements. We have also demonstrated cloud slicing using scatter from thin, diffuse cirrus clouds and cumulus clouds, which allowed solving for the CO 2 VMR for 3 vertical layers. The technique and retrieval algorithm are applicable to a space-based lidar instrument as well as to lidar IPDA measurements of other trace gases. Thus, lidar cloud slicing also offers promise towards space-based remote sensing of vertical trace gas profiles in the atmosphere using a variety of clouds.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    A molecular mechanism for electrical tuning of cochlear hair cells (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-08
    Description: Cochlear frequency selectivity in lower vertebrates arises in part from electrical tuning intrinsic to the sensory hair cells. The resonant frequency is determined largely by the gating kinetics of calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels encoded by the slo gene. Alternative splicing of slo from chick cochlea generated kinetically distinct BK channels. Combination with accessory beta subunits slowed the gating kinetics of alpha splice variants but preserved relative differences between them. In situ hybridization showed that the beta subunit is preferentially expressed by low-frequency (apical) hair cells in the avian cochlea. Interaction of beta with alpha splice variants could provide the kinetic range needed for electrical tuning of cochlear hair cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ramanathan, K -- Michael, T H -- Jiang, G J -- Hiel, H -- Fuchs, P A -- DC00276/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jan 8;283(5399):215-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Hearing Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9880252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Electrophysiology ; Gene Expression ; Hair Cells, Auditory/*physiology ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; *Ion Channel Gating ; Kinetics ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel beta Subunits ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels ; Membrane Potentials ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channels/genetics/*physiology ; *Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated ; Quail ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Measurement of low energy ionization signals from Compton scattering in a charge-coupled device dark matter detector (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-08-25
    Description: Author(s): K. Ramanathan, A. Kavner, A. E. Chavarria, P. Privitera, D. Amidei, T.-L. Chou, A. Matalon, R. Thomas, J. Estrada, J. Tiffenberg, and J. Molina An important source of background in direct searches for low-mass dark matter particles are the energy deposits by small-angle scattering of environmental γ rays. We report detailed measurements of low-energy spectra from Compton scattering of γ rays in the bulk silicon of a charge-coupled device (C... [Phys. Rev. D 96, 042002] Published Thu Aug 24, 2017
    Keywords: Experiments in gravity, cosmology, cosmic rays
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Drug repurposing: An approach to tackle drug resistance in S. typhimurium (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-24
    Description: Drug resistant S. typhimurium pose important public health problem. The development of effective drugs with novel mechanism(s) of action is needed to overcome issues pertaining to drug resistance. Drug repurposing based on computational analyses is considered a viable alternative strategy to circumvent this issue. In this context, 1309 FDA-approved drugs molecules from Mantra 2.0 database were analysed for this study, against S. typhimurium . Sixteen compounds having similar profiles of gene expression as quinolones were identified from the database, Mantra 2.0. Further, the pharmacophore characteristics of each resultant molecule were identified and compared with the features of nalidixic acid, using the PharamGist program. Subsequently, the activities of these compounds against S. typhimurium DNA gyrase were identified, using molecular docking study. Side effects analysis was also performed for the identified compounds. Molecular dynamics simulation was carried out for the compound to validate its binding efficiency. Further, characterization of screened compound revealed IC50 values in micromolar concentration range, of which flufenamic acid showed comparable in vitro activity alongside ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Thus represent interesting starting points for further optimization against S. typhimurium infections. It may be noted that the results we have obtained are the first experimental evidence of flufenamic acid activity against S. typhimurium . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    An Integrative Drug Repurposing Pipeline: Switching Viral Drugs to Breast Cancer (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-18
    Description: ABSTRACT The growing incidence rate of breast cancer, coupled with cellular chemotherapeutic resistance, has made this disease one of the most prevalent cancers among women worldwide. Despite the recent efforts to understand the underlying cause of the resistance due to mutation, there are no feasible tactics to overcome this bottleneck. This issue could be addressed by the concept of polypharmacology – disguising drugs present in the pharmacopeia for novel purposes (drug repurposing). Of note, we have proposed a multi-modal computational drug repositioning stratagem to predict drugs possessing anti-proliferative effect. Our results suggest that Ombitasvir, a Hepatitis C NS5B Polymerase inhibitor, could be ‘repurposed’ for the control and prevention of beta-tubulin driven breast cancers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    Investigation of Paclitaxel Resistant R306C Mutation in β-Tubulin – A Computational Approach (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-06
    Description: Paclitaxel is the most effective chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of a broad spectrum of solid tumors. However, observed paclitaxel resistance in clinical trials presents one of the major obstacles for cancer chemotherapy. Most importantly, resistance due to β-tubulin mutations (R306C) has been intensely debated in recent years. Despite all efforts, mechanism of resistance is still not well understood. In this study, computational techniques were employed to uncover the effect of R306C mutation in the β-tubulin structure and its function. The tools such as I-Mutant, CUPSAT and Fold-X were employed to address the consequence of R306C mutation in the structural stability of β-tubulin. Further, molecular docking and molecular dynamics study was employed to understand the functional impact of β-tubulin mutation. Our results suggest that the R306C mutation causes a significant reduction in the binding affinity between β-tubulin and paclitaxel. Further, docked complex analysis indicates that destruction of conservative hydrogen bond maintained by the residues Arg282 and Gly360 should be responsible for the large conformation changes of the binding pocket in R306C mutant. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations study confirms the stable binding of paclitaxel with native type β-tubulin structure rather than mutant (R306C) type. We certainly believe that this study will provide useful guidance for the development of novel inhibitors that are less susceptible to drug resistance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 0091-7419
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of photochemistry by cyclodextrin complexation. Competitive Norrish type I and type II reactions of benzoin alkyl ethers (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 51 (1986), S. 3085-3093 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00366a002
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemisorption of Hydrogen on Zinc Oxide-Molybdenum Oxide Catalyst. Evidence of Heterogeneity of the Surface. (1952)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 56 (1952), S. 220-224 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j150494a017
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural stability of epitaxial CoSi2/Si (001) interfaces (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 4853-4856 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial films of cobalt silicide grown on (001) Si by molecular beam epitaxy have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Apart from (001) oriented CoSi2 grains, regions of 〈221〉 type orientations were also found. The 〈221〉 oriented domains were found to be associated with pronounced facetted depressions on the (001) Si surface. Empirical observations suggest that the formation of 〈221〉 CoSi2 domains and the formation of other types of silicide stoichiometries may be related. It is demonstrated that these microstructural instabilities may be suppressed by the codeposition of cobalt and silicon rather than simply by depositing cobalt and reacting with the Si substrate to produce (001) CoSi2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349026
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contrasts in electron and hole trapping phenomena in pyrogenic oxides grown with different H2O partial pressures on silicon (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 2337-2341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Trapping characteristics of both electrons and holes in pyrogenic oxides grown on silicon with different H2O partial pressures in the oxidizing ambient are studied by using the avalanche injection technique. The electron- and hole-trapping phenomena show opposite dependence on the pyrogenic oxide growth conditions. It is found that the electron-trap density increases with the H2O partial pressure, whereas the hole-trap density decreases. On the basis of the above, and from the results of further experiments on water-diffused oxides, the effect of post-metallization annealing, and infrared absorption, we examine different models of possible defects in silicon-dioxide films grown on Si for a consistent explanation. From the analysis SiH and SiOH centers appear to be the most likely hole and electron traps, respectively, in our pyrogenic oxides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339494
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