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  • 1
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    Unmanned Aerial Systems for Investigating the Polar Atmospheric Boundary Layer—Technical Challenges and Examples of Applications (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-21
    Description: Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) fill a gap in high-resolution observations of meteorological parameters on small scales in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Especially in the remote polar areas, there is a strong need for such detailed observations with different research foci. In this study, three systems are presented which have been adapted to the particular needs for operating in harsh polar environments: The fixed-wing aircraft M 2 AV with a mass of 6 kg, the quadrocopter ALICE with a mass of 19 kg, and the fixed-wing aircraft ALADINA with a mass of almost 25 kg. For all three systems, their particular modifications for polar operations are documented, in particular the insulation and heating requirements for low temperatures. Each system has completed meteorological observations under challenging conditions, including take-off and landing on the ice surface, low temperatures (down to −28 ∘ C), icing, and, for the quadrocopter, under the impact of the rotor downwash. The influence on the measured parameters is addressed here in the form of numerical simulations and spectral data analysis. Furthermore, results from several case studies are discussed: With the M 2 AV, low-level flights above leads in Antarctic sea ice were performed to study the impact of areas of open water within ice surfaces on the ABL, and a comparison with simulations was performed. ALICE was used to study the small-scale structure and short-term variability of the ABL during a cruise of RV Polarstern to the 79 ∘ N glacier in Greenland. With ALADINA, aerosol measurements of different size classes were performed in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, in highly complex terrain. In particular, very small, freshly formed particles are difficult to monitor and require the active control of temperature inside the instruments. The main aim of the article is to demonstrate the potential of UAS for ABL studies in polar environments, and to provide practical advice for future research activities with similar systems.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4433
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 2
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    Gas-Phase Ozonolysis of Cycloalkenes: Formation of Highly Oxidized RO2 Radicals and Their Reactions with NO, NO2, SO2, and Other RO2 Radicals (2015)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-01
    Print ISSN: 1089-5639
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5215
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Chemical Society
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Unmanned Aerial Systems for Investigating the Polar Atmospheric Boundary Layer—Technical Challenges and Examples of Applications (2020)
    MDPI
    In:  EPIC3Atmosphere, MDPI, 11(4), ISSN: 2073-4433
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-01
    Description: Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) fill a gap in high-resolution observations of meteorological parameters on small scales in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Especially in the remote polar areas, there is a strong need for such detailed observations with different research foci. In this study, three systems are presented which have been adapted to the particular needs for operating in harsh polar environments: The fixed-wing aircraft M^2AV with a mass of 6 kg, the quadrocopter ALICE with a mass of 19 kg, and the fixed-wing aircraft ALADINA with a mass of almost 25 kg. For all three systems, their particular modifications for polar operations are documented, in particular the insulation and heating requirements for low temperatures. Each system has completed meteorological observations under challenging conditions, including take-off and landing on the ice surface, low temperatures (down to −28 °C), icing, and, for the quadrocopter, under the impact of the rotor downwash. The influence on the measured parameters is addressed here in the form of numerical simulations and spectral data analysis. Furthermore, results from several case studies are discussed: With the M^2AV, low-level flights above leads in Antarctic sea ice were performed to study the impact of areas of open water within ice surfaces on the ABL, and a comparison with simulations was performed. ALICE was used to study the small-scale structure and short-term variability of the ABL during a cruise of RV Polarstern to the 79°N glacier in Greenland. With ALADINA, aerosol measurements of different size classes were performed in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, in highly complex terrain. In particular, very small, freshly formed particles are difficult to monitor and require the active control of temperature inside the instruments. The main aim of the article is to demonstrate the potential of UAS for ABL studies in polar environments, and to provide practical advice for future research activities with similar systems.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 4
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    Helicopter borne probe HELiPOD measurements during MOSAiC - Flight 5 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: The helicopter borne probe HELiPOD was deployed during the MOSAiC expedition on Leg 3 and 4 from the research vessel Polarstern to investigate the ocean-ice-atmosphere exchange. During five flights, a variety of parameters were measured and calculated, concerning atmospheric dynamics (pressure, temperature, humidity, wind vector), aerosol particles (number concentrations in different size classes, absorption coefficients for three different wavelengths), trace gas concentrations (carbon dioxide, methane, ozone), radiation (solar and terrestrial, upward and downward), surface properties (temperature, images) as well as flight state parameters (position, altitude, attitude). All data were re-sampled at 100 Hz to the same time grid, if not indicated differently. The probe enabled the spatial extension of MOSAiC observations in a range of 25 – 60 km distance to Polarstern. After dedicated postprocessing of the complex data set, two out of the five flights, which were performed on 22 July 2020, and with a flight duration of around 1 h per flight, are initially uploaded to the PANGAEA data base. A technical overview of the HELiPOD is given in Pätzold et al. (2023).
    Keywords: absorption; Aerosol number concentration; aerosol particle number concentration; Air speed; ALTITUDE; Altitude, barometric; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; atmospheric boundary layer; Calculated, ideal gas equation; Calculated from the air speed vector and the ground speed vector according to Lenschow (1972); Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, mole fraction; Chemiluminescence O3 monitor, 2B Technologies model 205 dual-beam; Condensation particle counter (CPC), TSI, 3007; DATE/TIME; Density, air; Differential pressure sensor, Setra, 239; Differential pressure sensor, Setra, 239; Pressure sensor, Setra, 270; Temperature, air; Heading; HEIGHT above ground; helicopter borne probe; Helicopter towed system; HELiPOD; HELIPOD; Humidity, specific; Humidity sensor, Vaisala, HMP110 [low frequency]; Lyman-Alpha humidity sensor, Buck Research, L-6 [high frequency]; complementary; Infrared CH₄ gas analyser, LI-COR, LI-7700; Infrared gas analyzer, LI-COR, Li-7500A; Infrared radiometer, Heitronics, KT19; INS/GNSS system, iMAR, iNAT-M200; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Long-wave radiation; meteorological parameters; Methane; Methane, mole fraction; MOSAiC; MOSAiC20192020; MOSAiC expedition; Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate; Optical particle counter (OPC), Met One lnstruments, GT-526S; Ozone; Particle light absorption coefficient at 450 nm wavelength; Particle light absorption coefficient at 525 nm wavelength; Particle light absorption coefficient at 624 nm wavelength; Pitch angle; Polarstern; Pressure sensor, Setra, 270; PS122/4; PS122/4_48-105; Pyranometer, EKO Instruments, ML-01; Pyranometer, Kipp & Zonen, CMP22; Pyrgeometer, Kipp & Zonen, CGR4; Radar altimeter, Thomson-CSF, ERT 180; Roll angle; Short-wave radiation; Single-channel Tricolor Absorption Photometer (STAP), Brechtel, 9406; surface properties; Surface temperature; Temperature, air; Temperature sensor, TSYS01 [low frequency]; Temperature sensor, Rosemount, 102BW [medium frequency]; Temperature sensor, IFF, FW3 [high frequency]; complementary; trace gas concentrations; True air speed; Velocity, down; Velocity, east; Velocity, north; Wind velocity, south-north; Wind velocity, vertical; Wind velocity, west-east
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 16365200 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Helicopter borne probe HELiPOD measurements during MOSAiC - Flight 4 (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: The helicopter borne probe HELiPOD was deployed during the MOSAiC expedition on Leg 3 and 4 from the research vessel Polarstern to investigate the ocean-ice-atmosphere exchange. During five flights, a variety of parameters were measured and calculated, concerning atmospheric dynamics (pressure, temperature, humidity, wind vector), aerosol particles (number concentrations in different size classes, absorption coefficients for three different wavelengths), trace gas concentrations (carbon dioxide, methane, ozone), radiation (solar and terrestrial, upward and downward), surface properties (temperature, images) as well as flight state parameters (position, altitude, attitude). All data were re-sampled at 100 Hz to the same time grid, if not indicated differently. The probe enabled the spatial extension of MOSAiC observations in a range of 25 – 60 km distance to Polarstern. After dedicated postprocessing of the complex data set, two out of the five flights, which were performed on 22 July 2020, and with a flight duration of around 1 h per flight, are initially uploaded to the PANGAEA data base. A technical overview of the HELiPOD is given in Pätzold et al. (2023).
    Keywords: absorption; Aerosol number concentration; aerosol particle number concentration; Air speed; ALTITUDE; Altitude, barometric; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; atmospheric boundary layer; Calculated, ideal gas equation; Calculated from the air speed vector and the ground speed vector according to Lenschow (1972); Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, mole fraction; Chemiluminescence O3 monitor, 2B Technologies model 205 dual-beam; Condensation particle counter (CPC), TSI, 3007; DATE/TIME; Density, air; Differential pressure sensor, Setra, 239; Differential pressure sensor, Setra, 239; Pressure sensor, Setra, 270; Temperature, air; Heading; HEIGHT above ground; helicopter borne probe; Helicopter towed system; HELiPOD; HELIPOD; Humidity, specific; Humidity sensor, Vaisala, HMP110 [low frequency]; Lyman-Alpha humidity sensor, Buck Research, L-6 [high frequency]; complementary; Infrared CH₄ gas analyser, LI-COR, LI-7700; Infrared gas analyzer, LI-COR, Li-7500A; Infrared radiometer, Heitronics, KT19; INS/GNSS system, iMAR, iNAT-M200; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Long-wave radiation; meteorological parameters; Methane; Methane, mole fraction; MOSAiC; MOSAiC20192020; MOSAiC expedition; Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate; Optical particle counter (OPC), Met One lnstruments, GT-526S; Ozone; Particle light absorption coefficient at 450 nm wavelength; Particle light absorption coefficient at 525 nm wavelength; Particle light absorption coefficient at 624 nm wavelength; Pitch angle; Polarstern; Pressure sensor, Setra, 270; PS122/4; PS122/4_48-104; Pyranometer, EKO Instruments, ML-01; Pyranometer, Kipp & Zonen, CMP22; Pyrgeometer, Kipp & Zonen, CGR4; Radar altimeter, Thomson-CSF, ERT 180; Roll angle; Short-wave radiation; Single-channel Tricolor Absorption Photometer (STAP), Brechtel, 9406; surface properties; Surface temperature; Temperature, air; Temperature sensor, TSYS01 [low frequency]; Temperature sensor, Rosemount, 102BW [medium frequency]; Temperature sensor, IFF, FW3 [high frequency]; complementary; trace gas concentrations; True air speed; Velocity, down; Velocity, east; Velocity, north; Wind velocity, south-north; Wind velocity, vertical; Wind velocity, west-east
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 17639958 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Arctic aerosol and atmospheric observations with the unmanned research aircraft ALADINA in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen, April/May 2018 (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: Aerosol particles are considered to be one of the main contributors in affecting the feedback mechanisms of the Arctic Amplification. However, to which extent is far away from quantification and this is partly related to a sparse knowledge of the spatial distribution of aerosols, in particular of the vertical distribution in the atmospheric boundary layer. The data set provides measurements of aerosol particle number concentration (for different size classes, above 3 nm, above 12 nm, and in the ranges of 300-500 nm, 500-700 nm and ~700-900 nm) as well as the meteorological parameters of air temperature, air pressure and humidity based on the unmanned research aircraft ALADINA (Application of Light-weight Aircraft for Detecting IN-situ Aerosol) that was used for a field application in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen. Between 24 April and 25 May 2018, 49 measurement flights were performed that consist of vertical profiles (in sum 230) with a total maximum altitude of 850 m above mean sea level (AMSL) above land and horizontal legs (around 300) that were operated at different heights crossing the coast, as well as above open water in order to study a potential impact of different surface properties on the aerosol distribution. Information to studies/references: Preliminary results of the data contributed to the studies of Lampert et al. (2020), Petäjä et al. (2020) and Xavier et al. (2022) and will be presented in an overview study soon.
    Keywords: AC3; Aerosol particle concentration; Aerosol size distribution; Arctic; Arctic Amplification; atmospheric boundary layer; Drone; meteorological parameters; new particle formation; UAS; UAV
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 49 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Arctic aerosol and atmospheric observations with the unmanned research aircraft ALADINA during flight ALADINA_20180501_05 (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Keywords: AC3; Aerosol number concentration; Aerosol particle concentration; Aerosol size distribution; ALADINA_20180501_05; ALADINA_Svalbard_2018; Arctic; Arctic Amplification; atmospheric boundary layer; Condensation particle counter; CPC; DATE/TIME; Drone; Height above sea level; Humidity, relative; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; meteorological parameters; new particle formation; OPC; Optical particle counter; Pressure, at given altitude; Svalbard; Temperature, air; UAS; UAV; Unmanned aerial vehicle
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 20421 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Multidisciplinary observations of two flights with the helicopter borne probe HELiPOD during MOSAiC (2024)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Description: The helicopter borne probe HELiPOD was deployed during the MOSAiC expedition on Leg 3 and 4 from the research vessel Polarstern to investigate the ocean-ice-atmosphere exchange. During five flights, a variety of parameters were measured and calculated, concerning atmospheric dynamics (pressure, temperature, humidity, wind vector), aerosol particles (number concentrations in different size classes, absorption coefficients for three different wavelengths), trace gas concentrations (carbon dioxide, methane, ozone), radiation (solar and terrestrial, upward and downward), surface properties (temperature, images) as well as flight state parameters (position, altitude, attitude). All data were re-sampled at 100 Hz to the same time grid, if not indicated differently. The probe enabled the spatial extension of MOSAiC observations in a range of 25 – 60 km distance to Polarstern. After dedicated postprocessing of the complex data set, two out of the five flights, which were performed on 22 July 2020, and with a flight duration of around 1 h per flight, are initially uploaded to the PANGAEA data base. A technical overview of the HELiPOD is given in Pätzold et al. (2023).
    Keywords: absorption; aerosol particle number concentration; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; atmospheric boundary layer; helicopter borne probe; Helicopter towed system; HELiPOD; HELIPOD; meteorological parameters; MOSAiC; MOSAiC20192020; MOSAiC expedition; Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate; Polarstern; PS122/4; PS122/4_48-104; PS122/4_48-105; surface properties; trace gas concentrations
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    Arctic aerosol and atmospheric observations with the unmanned research aircraft ALADINA during flight ALADINA_20180520_24 (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Keywords: AC3; Aerosol number concentration; Aerosol particle concentration; Aerosol size distribution; ALADINA_20180520_24; ALADINA_Svalbard_2018; Arctic; Arctic Amplification; atmospheric boundary layer; Condensation particle counter; CPC; DATE/TIME; Drone; Height above sea level; Humidity, relative; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; meteorological parameters; new particle formation; OPC; Optical particle counter; Pressure, at given altitude; Svalbard; Temperature, air; UAS; UAV; Unmanned aerial vehicle
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 18945 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    Arctic aerosol and atmospheric observations with the unmanned research aircraft ALADINA during flight ALADINA_20180520_26 (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-12
    Keywords: AC3; Aerosol number concentration; Aerosol particle concentration; Aerosol size distribution; ALADINA_20180520_26; ALADINA_Svalbard_2018; Arctic; Arctic Amplification; atmospheric boundary layer; Condensation particle counter; CPC; DATE/TIME; Drone; Height above sea level; Humidity, relative; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; meteorological parameters; new particle formation; OPC; Optical particle counter; Pressure, at given altitude; Svalbard; Temperature, air; UAS; UAV; Unmanned aerial vehicle
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 19260 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
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