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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 2 (1980), S. 477-483 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Natural biopolymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose and alginic acid which contain carboxyl functional groups were converted to the corresponding azides. These azides were then reacted by coupling-grafting method with the ε-amino groups of gelatin. Positive proof of grafting of these natural polymers to gelatin was obtained based on the results of nitrogen analysis and IR spectra. These derivatives were found to be of wide interest in the field of biomedical polymers.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 729-737 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Kollagen-Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA)-Pfropfcopolymere wurden in einer Anzahl wäßrig-organischer Lösungsmittelsysteme und in Gegenwart neutraler Salze mit Cerammoniumnitrat als Initiator dargestellt. Die Zusammensetzung der Kollagen-Methylmethacrylat-Pfropfcopolymere wurde durch Hydrolyse der Kollagen-Hauptkette und Bestimmung der Molekulargewichte der gepfropften PMMA-Zweige ermittelt. In Wasser/Methanol als Medium für die Pfropfreaktion zeigten die Molekulargewichte der PMMA-Zweige ein Maximum bei einer Methanol-Konzentration von 25%, um dann mit steigender Methanol-Konzentration wieder abzufallen. Wenn auch der beobachtete Prozentgehalt an Pfropfung mit steigender Konzentration von Methanol einen scharfen Abfall aufwies, blieb die Anzahl von Pfropfstellen mehr oder weniger konstant und war ungefähr dieselbe wie diejenige, die in wäßriger Lösung bestimmt wurde. Andere wäßrig-organische Lösungsmittel-Systeme lieferten Ketten, die mehr Pfropfungen aufwiesen als jene, die in Wasser dargestellt wurden und niedrigeres Molekulargewicht besitzen. Es wurde gezeigt, daß Sulfat- und Chlorid-Anionen einen größeren Einfluß auf die Erniedrigung der Pfropfstellen ausüben als Nitrate.
    Notes: Collagen-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) graft copolymers were prepared in a number of aqueous/organic solvent systems and in the presence of neutral salts using ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator. The composition of the collagen-methyl methacrylate graft copolymers was studied by hydrolyzing the collagen backbone and measuring the molecular weights of the grafted PMMA branches. In water/methanol grafting media the molecular weights of the PMMA branches showed a maximum at a methanol concentration of 25% and then decreased with further increase in methanol concentration. Even though the percent grafting registered a sharp fall with increasing concentration of methanol, the number of grafting sites remained more or less constant and was almost the same as that obtained in aqueous medium. Other aqueous/organic solvent systems gave more grafted chains than those prepared in water alone, and these were of lower molecular weight. Anions such as sulphate and chloride were found to have more influence than nitrate in decreasing the number of grafting sites.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 329-339 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(butyl acrylate) has been graft copolymerized onto casein using potassium peroxydisulfate-ascorbic acid as the initiating system. The proof of grafting has been obtained by ninhydrin test and IR studies. The effects of synthetic variables in the graft copolymerization have been discussed in the light of percent grafting, grafting efficiency, and the rates of polymerization.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 28 (1986), S. 609-612 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Trypsin was immobilized onto alginic acid-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) graft copolymer (AAGMA). The resulting immobilized enzyme showed 65% of the soluble enzymatic activity. The temperature optimum was shifted by 5°C to a higher value. The pH optimum of immobilized enzyme has also been shifted by 0.5 units toward the alkaline side when compared to that of soluble enzyme. The pH stability and thermal stability are better than that of soluble enzyme.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1889-1892 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 2273-2282 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Amyloglucosidase was immobilized on a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. The resulting immobilized amyloglucosidase has 19% of the soluble enzyme specific activity. The pH optimum of immobilized amyloglucosidase is shifted towards acidity by 1.9 units. The temperature optimum of immobilized enzyme is shifted upward by 5°C. The immobilized amyloglucosidase has the maximum stability at pH 4.6, whereas the soluble enzyme has maximum stability at pH 5.5. While soluble amyloglucosidase has a maximum thermal stability at 50°C, the stability of the immobilized amyloglucosidase steadily decreases with the increase in temperature.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 104-109 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 28 (1990), S. 307-314 
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Copolymers of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and glycidylmethacrylate (GMA) are useful for contact lenses. Copolymerization of HEMA and GMA was carried out in dimethylformamide medium using benzoylperoxide as initiator at 60°C. The composition of HEMA and GMA in copolymers was estimated using 13C-NMR. The reactivity ratio of HEMA and GMA was found to be r = 0.73 and r2 = 0.98 by Finemann-Ross method and r1 = 0.74 and r2= 1.00 by Kelen-Tudos methods. The experimental values are in close agreement with theoretical value determined from Q-e scheme.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 975-986 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Collagen powder and goat skins were grafted with different vinyl monomers using the ceric ion technique. The graft copolymers were characterized by infrared spectra and electron microscopy. The collagen-vinyl graft copolymers were hydrolyzed by both acid and enzymatic hydrolysis, and the grafted vinyl polymer side chains were isolated. In the grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) side chains isolated by acid hydrolysis, the characteristic amide absorption bands at 1550 and 1660 cm-1 were not seen prominently. However, in PMMA side chains isolated by enzymatic methods, the amide absorption bands were more prominent as these isolated side chain polymers contained longer fragments of the peptide backbone attached to them. Electron-microscopic observations of grafted collagen fibrils and ultrathin sections of grafted goat skin fibrils did not show any cross-striations. These various evidences indicate that the polymers formed on collagen have penetrated into the fibrils and that they were chemically bound to the collagen molecules.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 703-707 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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