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  • 1
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    The CLIVAR C20C Project: Which components of the Asian-Australian monsoon circulation variations are forced and reproducible? (2008)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A multi-model set of atmospheric simulations forced by historical sea surface temperature (SST) or SSTs plus Greenhouse gases and aerosol forcing agents for the period of 1950-1999 is studied to identify and understand which components of the Asian-Australian monsoon (A-AM) variability are forced and reproducible. The analysis focuses on the summertime monsoon circulations, comparing model results against the observations. The priority of different components of the A-AM circulations in terms of reproducibility is evaluated. Among the subsystems of the wide A-AM, the South Asian monsoon and the Australian monsoon circulations are better reproduced than the others, indicating they are forced and well modeled. The primary driving mechanism comes from the tropical Pacific. The western North Pacific monsoon circulation is also forced and well modeled except with a slightly lower reproducibility due to its delayed response to the eastern tropical Pacific forcing. The simultaneous driving comes from the western Pacific surrounding the maritime continent region. The Indian monsoon circulation has a moderate reproducibility, partly due to its weakened connection to June-July-August SSTs in the equatorial eastern Pacific in recent decades. Among the A-AM subsystems, the East Asian summer monsoon has the lowest reproducibility and is poorly modeled. This is mainly due to the failure of specifying historical SST in capturing the zonal land-sea thermal contrast change across the East Asia. The prescribed tropical Indian Ocean SST changes partly reproduce the meridional wind change over East Asia in several models. For all the A-AM subsystem circulation indices, generally the MME is always the best except for the Indian monsoon and East Asian monsoon circulation indices.
    Description: Submitted
    Description: 3.7. Dinamica del clima e dell'oceano
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: monsoon ; AGCM ; CLIVAR C20C ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: manuscript
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  • 2
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    Simulating the diurnal cycle of rainfall in global climate models: Resolution versus parameterization (2012)
    In:  EPIC3Clim. Dyn.1007/s00382-011-, e9, pp. 399-418
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The effects of horizontal resolution and the treatment of convection on simulation of the diurnal cycle of precipitation during boreal summer are analyzed in several innovative weather and climate model integrations. The simulations include: season-long integrations of the Non-hydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM) with explicit clouds and convection; year-long integrations of the operational Integrated Forecast System (IFS) from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts at three resolutions (125, 39 and 16 km); seasonal simulations of the same model at 10 km resolution; and seasonal simulations of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) low-resolution climate model with and without an embedded two-dimensional cloud-resolving model in each grid box. NICAM with explicit convection simulates best the phase of the diurnal cycle, as well as many regional features such as rainfall triggered by advancing sea breezes or high topography. However, NICAM greatly overestimates mean rainfall and the magnitude of the diurnal cycle. Introduction of an embedded cloud model within the NCAR model significantly improves global statistics of the seasonal mean and diurnal cycle of rainfall, as well as many regional features. However, errors often remain larger than for the other higher-resolution models. Increasing resolution alone has little impact on the timing of daily rainfall in IFS with parameterized convection, yet the amplitude of the diurnal cycle does improve along with the representation of mean rainfall. Variations during the day in atmospheric prognostic fields appear quite similar among models, suggesting that the distinctive treatments of model physics account for the differences in representing the diurnal cycle of precipitation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Tropical cyclone climatology in a 10-km global atmospheric GCM: Toward weather-resolving climate modelling (2012)
    AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Climate, AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC, 25(11), pp. 3867-3893, ISSN: 0894-8755
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Northern Hemisphere tropical cyclone (TC) activity is investigated in multiyear global climate simulations with the ECMWF Integrated Forecast System (IFS) at 10-km resolution forced by the observed records of sea surface temperature and sea ice. The results are compared to analogous simulations with the 16-, 39-, and 125-km versions of the model as well as observations. In the North Atlantic, mean TC frequency in the 10-km model is comparable to the observed frequency, whereas it is too low in the other versions. While spatial distributions of the genesis and track densities improve systematically with increasing resolution, the 10-km model displays qualitatively more realistic simulation of the track density in the western subtropical North Atlantic. In the North Pacific, the TC count tends to be too high in the west and too low in the east for all resolutions. These model errors appear to be associated with the errors in the large-scale environmental conditions that are fairly similar in this region for all model versions. The largest benefits of the 10-km simulation are the dramatically more accurate representation of the TC intensity distribution and the structure of the most intense storms. The model can generate a supertyphoon with a maximum surface wind speed of 68.4 m s−1. The life cycle of an intense TC comprises intensity fluctuations that occur in apparent connection with the variations of the eyewall/rainband structure. These findings suggest that a hydrostatic model with cumulus parameterization and of high enough resolution could be efficiently used to simulate the TC intensity response (and the associated structural changes) to future climate change.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Revolutionizing climate modeling - Project Athena: A multi-institutional, international collaboration (2013)
    In:  EPIC3Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94(2), pp. 231-245
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Researchers began paving the way for efficient use of dedicated supercomputing facilities to enable higher resolution climate modeling with potentially large improvements in fidelity. The importance of using dedicated high-end computing resources to enable high spatial resolution in global climate models and advance knowledge of the climate system has been evaluated in an international collaboration called Project Athena. Inspired by the World Modeling Summit of 2008 and made possible by the availability of dedicated high-end computing resources provided by the National Science Foundation from October 2009 through March 2010, Project Athena demonstrated the sensitivity of climate simulations to spatial resolution and to the representation of subgrid-scale processes with horizontal resolutions up to 10 times higher than contemporary climate models. While many aspects of the mean climate were found to be reassuringly similar, beyond a suggested minimum resolution, the magnitudes and structure of regional effects can differ substantially. Project Athena served as a pilot project to demonstrate that an effective international collaboration can be formed to efficiently exploit dedicated supercomputing resources. The outcomes to date suggest that, in addition to substantial and dedicated computing resources, future climate modeling and prediction require a substantial research effort to efficiently explore the fidelity of climate models when explicitly resolving important atmospheric and oceanic processes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Regional Structure of the Indian Summer Monsoon in Observations, Reanalysis, and Simulation (2015)
    AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Climate, AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC, 28, pp. 1824-1841, ISSN: 0894-8755
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Regional variations in seasonal mean Indian summer monsoon rainfall and circulation for the period 1979–2009 are investigated using multiple data products. The focus is on four separate regions: the Western Ghats (WG), the Ganges basin (GB), the Bay of Bengal (BB), and Bangladesh–northeastern India (BD). Data reliability varies strongly by region, with particularly low correlations between different products for the BB and BD regions. Correlations between regions are generally not statistically significant, indicating rainfall varies independently in these four regions. The diagnosed associations between rainfall, circulation, and sea surface temperatures can be sensitive to the choice of rainfall product, and multiple precipitation products may need to be analyzed in this region to ensure that the results are robust. Enhanced precipitation in the BD region is associated with anomalous anticyclonic circulation at 850 mb and westerly anomalies along the foothills of the Tibetan Plateau, while precipitation in the other regions is associated with cyclonic flow and easterlies. These associations provide a dynamical explanation for previously reported weak, negative correlations between BD and the other regions. In addition to observed products, atmosphere-only simulations made using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecast System (IFS) during Project Athena are analyzed. While the simulations do not reproduce the observed interannual variations in rainfall, the fidelity of the simulated precipitation and circulation structure is comparable to or even outperforms the different state-of-the-art reanalysis products considered. Accuracy in representing interannual variability and regional structure thus appears to be independent.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structures and magnetic properties of FeN films prepared by the facing targets sputtering method (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 1659-1663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Fe nitride films were easily produced by facing targets sputtering (FTS). The structures and magnetic properties of the films depend on the reactive pressure (PN) and dc substrate biasing voltage (Vb). α-Fe, α‘-Fe16N2, γ'-Fe4N, ε-Fe3N, and ζ-Fe2N as well as the amorphous FeN phase have been produced at the PN ranges of 0–8×10−3 Torr. The magnetic moment per iron atom increases with PN until PN=1.0 mTorr at which the α'-Fe16N2 phase appears with the coercive force Hc=103 A/m, susceptibility χm=161, and μS=2.85 μB. The relation between conductivity and temperature σ-T indicates that Fe nitride films resemble a semiconductor. The Curie temperature of these films is reduced with the increase of PN. Magnetic relaxation phenomena were observed in the vicinity of 540 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342934
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limited streamer tubes for the OPAL hadron calorimeter
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: 279 (1989), S. 523-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-9002
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-9002(89)91298-9
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis and calculation on unsteady flow in exhaust system of diesel engine (1981)
    Springer
    Applied mathematics and mechanics 2 (1981), S. 237-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the unsteady and non-homoentropic flow in exhaust system of diesel engine is analysed and calculated by means of characteristic method. This paper makes proper treatment in calculation, particularly in calculation of boundary conditions, then the calculation program obtained is rather common and the convergence of calculation is faster too. Finally, in this paper, we take exhaust system of 6135 turbocharged diesel engine for an example and make numerical calculation for it, The results obtained are quite satisfactory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01876782
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plankton community structure and size spectra in the Georgian Bay and North Channel ecosystems (1988)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 163 (1988), S. 135-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: phytoplankton ; zooplankton ; body size ; community structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Patterns in the size distribution and taxonomic composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities for 1974 in Georgian Bay and the North Channel are described. The Diatomeae predominate the phytoplankton in both areas. Copepods, particularly Calanoida, comprise the greatest fraction of the zooplankton biomass. Normalized plankton biomass spectra for both ecosystems are typical of those found in Lake Superior and offshore Lake Huron. The plankton communities of Georgian Bay and the North Channel are thus similar to the most oligotrophic of the Laurentian Great Lakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00026925
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Options on the minimum or the maximum of two average prices (1999)
    Springer
    Review of derivatives research 3 (1999), S. 183-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7144
    Keywords: option ; average-rate ; rainbow ; risk management ; incentive contract
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper studies options on the minimum/maximum of two average prices. We provide a closed-form pricing formula for the option with geometric averaging starting at any time before maturity. We show overwhelming numerical evidence that the variance reduction technique with the help of the above closed-form solution dramatically improves the accuracy of the simulated price of an option with arithmetic averaging. The proposed options are found widely applicable in risk management and in the design of incentive contracts. The paper also discusses some parity relationships within the family of average-rate options and provides the upper and lower bounds for the proposed options with arithmetic averaging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009658511492
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