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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A blue-light photoreceptor mediates the fluence-rate-dependent expression of genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in light-grown Phaseolus vulgaris primary leaves (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 192 (1993), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Blue-light photoreceptor ; Gene expression (rbcS) ; Phaseolus ; Photoregulation ; Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The level of transcripts of genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcS genes) in the primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. increases substantially when plants grown in a low fluence rate of white light (15 μmol m−2 s−1; 400–700 nm) are transferred to a tenfold higher fluence rate of identical spectral quality. To investigate which photoreceptor acts as the fluence-rate detector, plants grown for 16 d in low white light were transferred to blue-enriched or red light environments of various fluence rates. The results indicate that the fluence-rate-dependent increase in rbcS expression is mediated specifically by blue light. Red light of the same fluence rate, which was found to be equally effective in driving photosynthesis, had much less effect on expression, indicating that light absorbed by the photosynthetic pigments does not mediate the response. Moreover, there is no correlation of the transcript levels with either the cycling rate or photoequilibrium of the phytochrome system. Run-on assays with isolated nuclei indicate that blue light substantially increases the rate of rbcS transcription. Experiments with gene-specific probes show that individual members of the P. vulgaris rbcS gene family exhibit the fluence-rate-dependent, blue-light-mediated increase in expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198686
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in Phaseolus vulgaris L.: nucleotide sequence of cDNA clones and initial studies of expression (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 18 (1992), S. 567-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris L. ; photoregulation ; rbcS genes ; ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (EC 4.1.1.39) in the French bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. is encoded by a small gene family consisting of a minimum of three members. Three small subunit genes (rbcS genes) represented in a light-grown primary leaf cDNA library were characterised by sequencing two cDNAs which were full-length and one which was deficient in part of the sequence encoding the transit peptide. The cDNA clones are identical in their coding sequences, for both the transit peptide and the mature polypeptide, but divergent in their untranslated sequences. The derived amino acid sequence is very similar to that reported for other species, although the first amino acid of the mature polypeptide is isoleucine, which differs from the methionine found in all other higher plant rbcS genes. Surprisingly, one of the cDNA clones contains two introns, which are at positions conserved in rbcS genes from other species. It is concluded that this cDNA resulted from the cloning of an unprocessed transcript. Alternative polyadenylation sites are found for two of the genes. Expression of the rbcS genes in the primary leaves is stimulated by light, although transcripts can readily be detected in dark-grown leaves. Expression is also organ-specific, as in other species. The frequency of cDNA clones in the library indicates that the different genes show quantitative differences in expression and S1 nuclease analysis suggests that individual rbcS genes are photoregulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040672
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcripts of a gene encoding a putative cell wall-plasma membrane linker protein are specifically cold-induced in Brassica napus (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 31 (1996), S. 771-781 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; cell wall protein ; cold-induced gene ; hybrid-proline-rich protein ; low temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have isolated a gene and cDNA from Brassica napus encoding a hybrid-proline-rich protein. The putative protein is modular in structure. The N-terminal domain has properties of a signal peptide which would direct the protein into the ER. Amino acids 27 to 287 comprise three domains which contain high levels of proline and several other amino acids common in proline-rich cell wall proteins. These domains are characterised by repeating amino acid motifs. The C-terminal domain (amino acids 288 to 376) contains three putative membrane-spanning regions and shows a high degree of amino acid similarity to known hybrid-proline-rich proteins from several species. It is likely that the protein is secreted from the cell, located in the cell wall and anchored in the plasma membrane via the C-terminal domain. Transcripts encoding this protein are induced in leaf tissue within 8 h of cold treatment and decrease rapidly when plants are returned to normal temperatures. The transcripts are not induced by heat shock, dehydration, exogenous ABA or wounding, whereas transcripts of a control B. napus gene are induced by dehydration and ABA. The possible function of this protein in cold tolerance is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019465
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extension-growth responses and expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes in the Arabidopsis hy4 mutant (1995)
    Springer
    Planta 197 (1995), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Arabidopsis (hy4 mutant) ; Blue-light ; Mu-tant (Arabidopsis) ; Photomorphogenesis ; Flavonoid biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The hy4 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana(L.) Heynh. was previously shown to be impaired in the suppression of hypocotyl extension specifically by blue light. We report here that hy4 is altered in a range of blue-light-mediated extension-growth responses in various organs in seedlings and mature plants: it shows greater length of bolted stems, increased petiole extension and increased leaf width and area in blue light compared to the wild type. The hy4 mutant shows decreased cotyledon expansion in both red and blue light compared to the wild type. Anthocyanin formation and the expression of several flavonoid biosynthesis genes is stimulated by blue light in the wild type but to a much lower extent in hy4. The results indicate that the HY4 gene product is concerned with the perception of blue light in a range of extension-growth and gene-expression responses in Arabidopsis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202642
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenetic regulation and photoregulation of members of the Phaseolus vulgaris L. rbcS gene family (1996)
    Springer
    Planta 198 (1996), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ; rbcS genes ; Leaf development ; Photoregulation ; Phaseolus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The rbcS1, 2 and 3 genes of Phaseolus vulgaris are identical in coding sequence and we have studied their expression using gene-specific probes derived from their 3′ non-coding regions. The genes differ in their relative levels of expression but show only minor qualitative differences in their regulation. Transcripts of the three genes are undetectable in primary leaves in the imbibed seed, accumulate early in leaf expansion reaching a maximum 7–10 d after sowing and decrease to low levels by the time expansion is complete. Both dark-grown and light-grown primary leaves exhibit this ontogenetic pattern of expression, although the light-grown leaves have two to three times more rbcS transcripts. Light can over-ride the ontogenetic control of rbcS expression; for example, when 7-d-old dark-grown primary leaves are illuminated there is a 6- to 12-fold increase in the transcript levels of the rbcS genes. Transfer of illuminated leaves to darkness results in the loss of transcripts of all three genes, but rbcS2 transcripts persist in the dark-adapted leaves. Possible physiological mechanisms of the ontogenetic regulation of expression are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197583
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A sucrose repression element in the Phaseolus vulgaris rbcS2 gene promoter resembles elements responsible for sugar stimulation of plant and mammalian genes (1997)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 35 (1997), S. 929-942 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: chalcone synthase ; G-box ; metabolic regulation ; Phaseolus vulgaris L. ; rbcS genes ; ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Protoplasts isolated from the primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were used in transient expression experiments to identify promoter sequences of the P. vulgaris rbcS2 gene, encoding ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit, concerned with sucrose repression. The protoplasts supported high rates of expression of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene fused to 1433 bp of the rbcS2 5′ flanking sequences. Expression was repressed by 50 mM sucrose whereas that driven by control promoters was not. Assays of promoter deletions revealed that 203 bp 5′ to the transcription start site were sufficient for high rates of sucrose-repressible expression. A ―187 bp deletion supported much lower rates of expression and was not subject to sucrose repression. The ―203 to ―187 bp region contains sequences resembling elements involved in the sugar stimulation of transcription of other genes: the SURE (sucrose response element) of plant genes and the ChoRE (carbohydrate response element) of mammalian genes. A G-box (CACGTG) located at ―200 to ―205 was important for high levels of sucrose-repressible expression, since deletion of a nucleotide from this element in the context of the 1433 bp promoter gave much reduced expression. However, a modified G-box (CcCGTG) in the ―203 bp fusion and adjacent vector sequences remained functional. Measurements of rbcS and chalcone synthase (CHS) transcript levels in the protoplasts indicated that 4 mM sucrose was sufficient to repress or stimulate the respective genes. Further experiments suggested that metabolism of 6-carbon sugars is the signal for rbcS repression and CHS stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005950915499
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcripts of maize RbcS genes accumulate differentially in C3 and C4 tissues (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 36 (1998), S. 593-599 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: C4 photosynthesis ; gene family ; maize ; RbcS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract RbcS genes exist as multigene families in most plant species examined. In this paper, we report an investigation into the expression patterns of two maize RbcS genes, designated in this report as RbcS1and RbcS2. We present the sequence of RbcS2 and show that the structure of the gene has several features in common with other monocot RbcS genes. To determine whether RbcS1 and RbcS2 fulfil different functional roles with respect to the C3 and C4 carbon fixation pathways, we have investigated the expression patterns of the two genes in different maize tissue types. Transcripts of both genes are found at high levels specifically in bundle-sheath cells of maize seedling leaves, indicating that both genes are expressed in the C4-type pattern. However, we show that RbcS1 transcripts are relatively more abundant than RbcS2 transcripts in C3 tissues such as husk leaves. These results are discussed with respect to the evolution of C4 carbon fixation and the mechanisms required for the cell-specific expression of RbcS genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005947306667
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of UV/blue light-response elements in the Arabidopsis thaliana chalcone synthase promoter using a homologous protoplast transient expression system (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 36 (1998), S. 741-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: ACGT-containing element ; CHS ; G-box ; promoter structure ; UV-B light ; UV-A/blue light
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To identify DNA sequences of the Arabidopsis thaliana chalcone synthase gene (CHS) concerned with induction by UV-B and UV-A/blue light, AtCHS promoter constructions were assayed by transient expression in protoplasts prepared from two different lines of cultured A. thaliana cells. The protoplasts responded similarly to A. thaliana leaf tissue in light-dependent CHS transcript accumulation. The reporter enzyme β-glucuronidase (GUS) was used to monitor light-responsive promoter activity. A 1972 bp promoter conferred UV-B and UV-A/blue light induction of GUS activity. Deletion to 164 bp resulted in reduced promoter strength but retention of responsiveness to UV-B and UV-A/blue light. Further deletion abolished transcriptional activity. The 164 bp promoter contains sequences closely resembling LRUPcCHS, (light-responsive unit of the Petroselinum crispum CHS promoter). This A. thaliana CHS promoter region, designated LRUAtCHS, was sufficient to confer UV-B and UV-A/blue light responsiveness to a heterologous core promoter. Mutation of sequences in LRUAtCHS corresponding to the ACGT element and the MYB recognition element of LRUPcCHS resulted in inactivation of the 164 bp and 335 bp promoter deletions. However, the mutant 668 bp promoter retained residual UV-B and UV-A/blue light-induced expression, indicating the presence of additional functional sequences upstream of −335. Mutation of a single G-box-like sequence around −442 had no effect on light responsiveness, indicating that it does not function in light regulation of this promoter. Since no difference in responsiveness to UV-B and UV-A/blue light was observed with any promoter variant, we conclude that the two phototransduction pathways regulate transcription factors which interact with common promoter elements. The results from our analysis of a A. thaliana light-responsive promoter will facilitate the study of light-dependent gene regulation by genetic means in Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005921914384
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The promoter of a Brassica napus lipid transfer protein gene is active in a range of tissues and stimulated by light and viral infection in transgenic Arabidopsis (1999)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 41 (1999), S. 75-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; cauliflower mosaic virus ; epidermis ; gene expression ; light induction ; lipid transfer protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract cDNA and genomic clones encoding Brassica napus non-specific lipid transfer proteins (LTP) were isolated and sequenced. The encoded amino acid sequences were very similar to those reported previously for LTPs from B. napus and other species. Sequence information indicates that B. napus contains an LTP gene family. The 5′-flanking region of one gene, designated BnLTP, was fused to GUS and the fusion introduced into Arabidopsis. LTP transcripts and BnLTP-Gus expression were present predominantly in the epidermis of leaf and stem, consistent with the hypothesised function of LTPs in the deposition of cuticular or epicuticular waxes. However, GUS activity was detected in other tissues, including lateral root initials, anthers, stigmas and vascular tissues, which may suggest additional functions. LTP transcript levels in B. napus and Arabidopsis and BnLTP-GUS expression in transgenic Arabidopsis were stimulated by blue and red light but not UV-B. BnLTP promoter activity was also stimulated upon viral infection, at a time when the virus had spread systemically. No increase in expression was observed in response to cold or wounding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006232700835
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential regulation of the accumulation of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in greening pea leaves (1984)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 25 (1984), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: mRNA levels ; regulation of biosynthesis ; light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex ; chloroplast ; ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase ; oxygenase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The photoregulation of chloroplast development in pea leaves has been studied by reference to three polypeptides and their mRNAs. The polypeptides were the large subunit (LSU) and the small subunit (SSU) of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carbox-ylase/oxygenase (RUBISCO), and the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein (LHCP). The polypeptides were assayed by a sensitive radioimmune assay, and the mRNAs were assayed by hybridization to cloned DNA probes. LSU, LSU mRNA, and LHCP mRNA were detectable in etiolated seedlings but LHCP, SSU, and SSU mRNA were at or below the limit of detection. During the first 48 hr of de-etiolation under continuous white light, the mRNAs for LSU, SSU, and LHCP increased in concentration per apical bud by about 40-fold, at least 200-fold, and about 25-fold, respectively, while the total RNA content per apical bud increased only 3.5-fold. In the same period, the LSU, SSU, and LHCP contents per bud increased at least 60-, 100-, and 200-fold, respectively. The LHCP increased steadily in concentration during de-etiolation, whereas the accumulation LSU, SSU, and SSU mRNA showed a 24-hr lag. The accumulation of SSU, SSU mRNA, and LHCP mRNA showed classical red/far-red reversibility, indicating the involvement of phytochrome in the regulatory mechanism. LSU and LSU mRNA were induced equally well by red and far-red light. The LHCP failed to accumulate except under continuous illumination. These results indicate that the accumulation of SSU is controlled largely through the steady-state level of its mRNA, which is in turn almost totally dependent on light as an inducer and on phytochrome as one of the photoreceptors. The accumulation of LSU is largely but not totally determined by the level of its mRNA, which appears to be under strong photoregulation, which has yet to be shown to involve phytochrome. Phytochrome is involved in the regulation of LHCP mRNA levels but substantial levels of the mRNA also occur in the dark. LHCP accumulation is not primarily governed by the levels of LHCP mRNA but by posttranslational stabilization in which chlorophyll synthesis plays a necessary but not sufficient role.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240250102
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