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  • 1
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    Transmission electron microscopy study of microstructural properties and dislocation characterization in the GaN film grown on the cone-shaped patterned Al2O3 substrate (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-12
    Description: Growing a GaN film on a patterned Al 2 O 3 substrate is one of the methods of reducing threading dislocations (TDs), which can significantly deteriorate the performance of GaN-based LEDs. In this study, the microstructural details of the GaN film grown on a cone-shaped patterned Al 2 O 3 substrate were investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and weak-beam dark-field techniques. Various defects such as misfit dislocations (MDs), recrystallized GaN (R-GaN) islands and nano-voids were observed on the patterned Al 2 O 3 surfaces, i.e. the flat surface (FS), the inclined surface (IS) and the top surface (TS), respectively. Especially, the crystallographic orientation of R-GaN between the GaN film and the inclined Al 2 O 3 substrate was identified as $[\overline 1 2\overline 1 0]_{{\rm GaN}} \hbox{//}[\overline 1 101]_{{\rm R - GaN} \,{\rm on}\,{\rm IS}} \hbox{//}[\overline 1 100]_{ {{\rm Al}} _{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{\rm 3}} $ , $(\overline 1 012)_{{\rm GaN}} \hbox{//}(1\overline 1 02)_{{\rm R - Ga}\,{\rm Non}\,{\rm IS}} \hbox{//}(\overline {11} 26)_{ {{\rm Al}} _{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{\rm 3}} $ . In addition, a rotation by 9° between $(10\overline 1 1)_{{\rm R - GaN}} $ and $(0002)_{{\rm GaN}} $ and between $(10\overline 1 1)_{{\rm R - GaN}} $ and $(0006)_{ {{\rm Al}} _{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{\rm 3}} $ was found to reduce the lattice mismatch between the GaN film and the Al 2 O 3 substrate. Many TDs in the GaN film were observed on the FS and TS of Al 2 O 3 . However, few TDs were observed on the IS. Most of the TDs generated from the FS of Al 2 O 3 were bent to the inclined facet rather than propagating to the GaN surface, resulting in a reduction in the dislocation density. Most of the TDs generated from the TS of Al 2 O 3 were characterized as edge dislocations.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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  • 2
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    Observation of Oil Flow Characteristics in Rolling Piston Rotary Compressor for Reducing Oil Circulation Rate (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-11
    Description: The oil circulation rate (OCR) of the rolling piston rotary compressor is a significant factor which affects the performance of refrigeration system. The increase of oil discharge causes decreasing of the heat transfer efficiency in the heat exchanger, pressure drop and lack of oil in lubricate part in compressor. In this study, the internal flow of compressor was visualized to figure out the oil droplet flow characteristics. The experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted in various frequency of compressor to observe the effect of operation frequency on oil droplet flow characteristics for reducing OCR. In situ, measurement of oil droplet diameter and velocity were conducted by using high speed image visualization and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The flow paths were dominated by copper wire parts driving the motor which was inserted in compressor. In order to verify the reliability of CFD simulation, the tendency of oil flow characteristics...
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 3
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    Targeted modulation of microbiota [Microbiology] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-17
    Description: One major challenge to studying human microbiome and its associated diseases is the lack of effective tools to achieve targeted modulation of individual species and study its ecological function within multispecies communities. Here, we show that C16G2, a specifically targeted antimicrobial peptide, was able to selectively kill cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    Aurora B is involved in p53 degradation [Biochemistry] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2012-06-13
    Description: Aurora B is a mitotic checkpoint kinase that plays a pivotal role in the cell cycle, ensuring correct chromosome segregation and normal progression through mitosis. Aurora B is overexpressed in many types of human cancers, which has made it an attractive target for cancer therapies. Tumor suppressor p53 is a genome guardian and important negative regulator of the cell cycle. Whether Aurora B and p53 are coordinately regulated during the cell cycle is not known. We report that Aurora B directly interacts with p53 at different subcellular localizations and during different phases of the cell cycle (for instance, at the nucleus in interphase and the centromeres in prometaphase of mitosis). We show that Aurora B phosphorylates p53 at S183, T211, and S215 to accelerate the degradation of p53 through the polyubiquitination–proteasome pathway, thus functionally suppressing the expression of p53 target genes involved in cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis (e.g., p21 and PUMA). Pharmacologic inhibition of Aurora B in cancer cells with WT p53 increased p53 protein level and expression of p53 target genes to inhibit tumor growth. Together, these results define a mechanism of p53 inactivation during the cell cycle and imply that oncogenic hyperactivation or overexpression of Aurora B may compromise the tumor suppressor function of p53. We have elucidated the antineoplastic mechanism for Aurora B kinase inhibitors in cancer cells with WT p53.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 5
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    Quantitative and empirical demonstration of the Matthew effect in a study of career longevity [Social Sciences] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-05
    Description: The Matthew effect refers to the adage written some two-thousand years ago in the Gospel of St. Matthew: “For to all those who have, more will be given.” Even two millennia later, this idiom is used by sociologists to qualitatively describe the dynamics of individual progress and the interplay between status and reward. Quantitative studies of professional careers are traditionally limited by the difficulty in measuring progress and the lack of data on individual careers. However, in some professions, there are well-defined metrics that quantify career longevity, success, and prowess, which together contribute to the overall success rating for an individual employee. Here we demonstrate testable evidence of the age-old Matthew “rich get richer” effect, wherein the longevity and past success of an individual lead to a cumulative advantage in further developing his or her career. We develop an exactly solvable stochastic career progress model that quantitatively incorporates the Matthew effect and validate our model predictions for several competitive professions. We test our model on the careers of 400,000 scientists using data from six high-impact journals and further confirm our findings by testing the model on the careers of more than 20,000 athletes in four sports leagues. Our model highlights the importance of early career development, showing that many careers are stunted by the relative disadvantage associated with inexperience.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Ocean wave effects on the retrieved wind field from the scatterometer (2014)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-19
    Description: The scatterometer is a kind of non-nadir real aperture radar (RAR), which can estimate the wind field of sea surface based on geophysical model function (GMF). GMF describes the empirical relation between the wind field and the sea surface roughness characterized by sigma0. The wind wave is generated from the local wind and the swell wave is independent of the one. Based on the multi-scale scattering model, both wind wave and swell wave will modulate the sea surface roughness. This paper tries to find out the wave effects on wind field retrieval from scatterometer in swell and wind wave by the synchronous scatterometer and buoy data. The wind field data used in this paper are collected from Metop's Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) and buoy of NDBC. The NDBC buoy also provides the synchronous significant wave height (swh) and peak wavelength. From these data, the sea states are divided into swell and wind wave. Then the wave effects on retrieval are analyzed along with the swh and ...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 7
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    Coordinated regulation of bidirectional COPI transport at the Golgi by CDC42 (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-07
    Description: The Golgi complex has a central role in the intracellular sorting of secretory proteins. Anterograde transport through the Golgi has been explained by the movement of Golgi cisternae, known as cisternal maturation. Because this explanation is now appreciated to be incomplete, interest has developed in understanding tubules that connect the Golgi cisternae. Here we show that the coat protein I (COPI) complex sorts anterograde cargoes into these tubules in human cells. Moreover, the small GTPase CDC42 regulates bidirectional Golgi transport by targeting the dual functions of COPI in cargo sorting and carrier formation. CDC42 also directly imparts membrane curvature to promote COPI tubule formation. Our findings further reveal that COPI tubular transport complements cisternal maturation in explaining how anterograde Golgi transport is achieved, and that bidirectional COPI transport is modulated by environmental cues through CDC42.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4449304/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4449304/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Park, Seung-Yeol -- Yang, Jia-Shu -- Schmider, Angela B -- Soberman, Roy J -- Hsu, Victor W -- 1S10RR027931-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- K01DK089145/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058615/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AI068871/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AR065538/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM058615/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 May 28;521(7553):529-32. doi: 10.1038/nature14457. Epub 2015 May 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; 1] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Nephrology Division and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA. ; 1] Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [2] Nephrology Division and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA [3] Molecular Imaging Core, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25945738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Membrane/chemistry/metabolism ; Coat Protein Complex I/*metabolism ; Coatomer Protein/metabolism ; Golgi Apparatus/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism/secretion ; Protein Transport ; Receptors, LDL/metabolism ; Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism/secretion ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Calculation of maximum permitted capacity of photovoltaic based on flower pollination algorithm combined with genetic algorithm (GA-FPA) in distribution network (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-31
    Description: The interconnection of distributed photovoltaic (PV) power in the distribution network will bring plenty of adverse effects. It is critical of researching on maximum permitted capacity (MPC) of distribution network to maintain the safe operation of distribution network. A mathematical optimization model was constructed for the MPC of distributed PV with the objective of maximizing the difference between the sum of distributed PV introduction and the network loss, and the constraints of system power flow, node voltage, feeder current, and short-circuit current. At the same time, an improved Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) that is Flower Pollination Algorithm combined with Genetic Algorithm (GA-FPA) was proposed to analyse IEEE 33-bus system. Further, by comparing with other optimization algorithms in terms of convergence speed and convergence accuracy, like original FPA and Genetic Algorithm (GA), the correctness of the model and the effectiveness of the algorithm are verified...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 9
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    New τc regression relationship derived from all P-wave time windows for rapid magnitude estimation (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-14
    Description: Two issues related to the average period τ c early-warning parameter are the magnitude saturation effect on large earthquakes and considerable scatter for small earthquakes. To reduce the effect of these two issues on earthquake early warning systems (EEWSs), we introduce a new τ c regression relationship derived from all P -wave time windows (PTWs) in high-pass filtered (T = 0.075 Hz) strong-motion data for three damaging moderate-to-large earthquakes. Our results show that this relationship provides a better and more stable magnitude prediction than those derived from 3-s PTW without a saturation effect on large earthquakes with M  〈 7.5. It is expected that fewer false alerts (those outside the magnitude uncertainty tolerance) would be issued. Additionally, a reduction of the initial PTWs to 1-2 s and evolutionary calculation with an expanding window allow more lead-time for small-to-moderate events.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    P53-regulated long non-coding RNA TUG1 affects cell proliferation in human non-small cell lung cancer, partly through epigenetically regulating HOXB7 expression (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-23
    Description: P53-regulated long non-coding RNA TUG1 affects cell proliferation in human non-small cell lung cancer, partly through epigenetically regulating HOXB7 expression Cell Death and Disease 5, e1243 (May 2014). doi:10.1038/cddis.2014.201 Authors: E-b Zhang, D-d Yin, M Sun, R Kong, X-h Liu, L-h You, L Han, R Xia, K-m Wang, J-s Yang, W De, Y-q Shu & Z-x Wang
    Keywords: p53TUG1proliferationnon-small cell lung cancerHOXB7
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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