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  • 1
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    Marine strategists: a functional biology of echinoderms (1988)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-01-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearse, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Jan 8;239(4836):200.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17732982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Ecological role of purple sea urchins (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: Sea urchins are major components of marine communities. Their grazing limits algal biomass, and they are preyed upon by many predators. Purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) are among the best studied species. They live in environments that alternate between two stable states: luxuriant, species-rich kelp forests and sea urchin-dominated "barrens." The transition from one state to the other can be initiated by several factors, including the abundance of algal food, predators, storm intensities, and incidence of disease. Purple sea urchins compete with other grazers, some of which are important fishery resources (such as abalones and red sea urchins), and they are harvested for scientific research. Revelations from their genome will lead to a better understanding of how they maintain their ecological importance, and may in turn enhance their economic potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearse, John S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):940-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. pearse@biology.ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; Gastropoda ; Genome ; Kelp ; Population Dynamics ; Strongylocentrotus ; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Vision of cubomedusan jellyfishes (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearse, J S -- Pearse, V B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jan 27;199(4327):458.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cnidaria/*physiology ; Eye/anatomy & histology ; Scyphozoa/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; *Vision, Ocular
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Bacterivory: a novel feeding mode for asteroid larvae (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-19
    Description: Planktotrophic larvae that occur beneath the annual sea ice in the Antarctic assimilate organic solutes and preferentially ingest bacteria, whereas they actively exclude phytoplankton. In regions where phytoplankton biomass is temporally limited by light or nutrient concentrations, the growth and development of planktotrophic larvae may not be directly coupled to phytoplankton production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rivkin, R B -- Bosch, I -- Pearse, J S -- Lessard, E J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 19;233(4770):1311-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17843359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slow developing demersal embryos and larvae of the antarctic sea star Odontaster validus (1969)
    Springer
    Marine biology 3 (1969), S. 110-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The early development of Odontaster validus at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, is indirect and includes equal cleavage, a convoluted blastula, a free-swimming coeloblastula, a gastrula, and a feeding bipinnaria larva. Development differs from that of other asteroids in two respects: (1) The developmental rate is extremely slow; blastulae form nearly 2 days after fertilization, gastrulation begins after 7 days, and the bipinnaria develops in about 40 to 55 days. The slow developmental rate appears to be only partly related to the low environmental temperature (-1.5°C). (2) The embryos and larvae are largely demersal. Such behavior may be an adaptation to keep the larvae out of antarctic surface waters, as does brooding in many other polar echinoderms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00353429
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive biology of the common antarctic crinoid Promachocrinus kerguelensis (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) (1987)
    Springer
    Marine biology 96 (1987), S. 375-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Histological examinations of the gonads of Promachocrinus kerguelensis Carpenter, 1888 collected in November 1984 from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, revealed ripe ovaries containing three distinct size classes of oocytes: 20 to 90, 91 to 150 and 151 to 180 μm diameter as well as ova. Testes were ripe, and filled with mature sperms. There was marked inter-pinnule and inter-individual synchrony of gametogenesis and spawning is probably synchronous, at least within the sub-population sampled. The number of eggs per pinnule is allometrically related to body size. Body weight and arm length are positively correlated with total egg number. Annual fecundity was estimated to be 29 000 eggs (full-grown oocytes and ova) for a crinoid weighing 53.6 g wet weight with an arm length of 16.3 cm. The eggs float. Female genital pinnules contain more lipid and energy than male pinnules. Reproductive output and effort (23.4 to 65.2 kJ and 26 to 38%, respectively) increase with body size and are similar to values reported for other echinoderms with lecithotrophic larvae. The greatest overall energetic contribution is represented by the arms and genital pinnules. Spawning in P. kerguelensis probably occurs in November and December within McMurdo Sound. If development is slow, as in all other antarctic echinoderms studied to date, then settlement most likely occurs 2 to 3 mo later, after the short summer period of high phytoplankton productivity. High fecundity, a pelagic mode of reproduction, and the high probability of a slow rate of development may contribute to the wide geographic distribution of this common antarctic crinoid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00412521
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expansion of a central California kelp forest following the mass mortality of sea urchins (1979)
    Springer
    Marine biology 51 (1979), S. 83-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mass mortality by disease of a localized population of sea urchins, Strongylocencrotus franciscanus, on the seaward side of a kelp forest was followed by the rapid seaward expansion of 4 species of brown algae, Macrocystis pyrifera, Laminaria dentigera, Pterygophora california, and to a lesser extent, Nereocystis leutkeana. One other brown alga, Cystoseira osmundacea, failed to become established in the newly available area. Competition among M. pyrifera, L. dentigera, P. californica, and N. Leutkeana apparently was severe, and within 1 year after the demise of the sea urchins, M. pyrifera formed a dense, nearly monospecific stand. Experimental removal of M. pyrifera demonstrated that the canopy of these plants limited light penetration to levels below that necessary for the growth and survival of other brown and red algae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389034
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coelomic Water Volume Control in the Antarctic Sea-star Odontaster validus (1967)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 216 (1967), S. 1118-1119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Two series of weighings, using three animals each, were followed with the animals placed first in sea water diluted 50 per cent with distilled water, and then returned to full strength sea water (Fig. 1). Wet weight rose slowly in one animal after it was placed in the 50 per cent sea water ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2161118a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hybridization and introgression between Indo-Pacific species of Diadema (1996)
    Springer
    Marine biology 126 (1996), S. 715-723 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We present the first case of hybridization between echinoid species evaluated through genetic markers and morphology. We examined the three tropical Indo-Pacific species of the genus Diadema: D. paucispinum A. Agassiz, D. savignyi (Audouin) Michelin and D. setosum (Leske). Specimens morphologically intermediate between two of these species, D. savignyi and D. setosumhave previously been noted. Fertile hybrids have also been produced in the laboratory. To determine extent of hybridization, we first assayed the allozyme products of 22 loci in individuals which, on the basis of morphology and collection locality, could be unambiguously assigned to one of the three species. We found four loci that were either diagnostic or semi-diagnostic between D. setosum and the other two species, and one locus semi-diagnostic between D. savignyi and D. paucispinum.We then assayed individuals of intermediate morphology to find out whether they had hybrid genotypes. In the Ryukyu Islands, where D. setosum and D. savignyi coexist, we found one specimen which on the basis of all four diagnostic loci was an F1 hybrid, and several individuals that could be either F2 (or later-generation) hybrids or progeny of backcrosses.We also found one individual that on both genetic and morphological grounds appeared to belong to D. paucispinum (even though this spcies has only been reported from Hawaii and Kiribati) and three other individuals that carried alleles characteristic of D. paucispinum. Thus, previous reports of hybridization between D. setosum and D. savignyi were correct; it is also possible that larvae of D. paucispinum occasionally arrive at localities outside Hawaii, reach sexual maturity, and hybridize with the other two species. Counts of pure and hybrid morphotypes in other populations across the western tropical Pacific revealed a low but widespread incidence of apparent F1 hybrids and backcrosses of D.savignyi and D. setosum. However, the existence of diagnostic or semi-diagnostic loci, low interspecific gene-flow estimates based on F st statistics, and the lack of Hardy-Weinberg or linkage disequilibria among individuals of pure morphology all suggest that gene introgression between the three species is limited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351338
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Removal of glycine from solution by the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (1973)
    Springer
    Marine biology 19 (1973), S. 281-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Radioautography and liquid-scintillation counting of juvenile sea urchins — Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Stimpson) — exposed to 3H- and 14C-labeled glycine showed that the 3H is rapidly translocated throughout the animal and lost, while the 14C is slowly translocated into the interior of the urchin and incorporated into insoluble material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348895
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