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  • 1
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    The dynamics of zooxanthellae populations: A long-term study in the field (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-05
    Description: Coral bleaching characterized by the expulsion of symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) is an increasing problem worldwide. Global warming has been implicated as one cause, but the phenomenon cannot be fully comprehended without an understanding of the variability of zooxanthellae populations in field conditions. Results from a 6-year field study are presented, providing evidence of density regulation but also of large variability in the zooxanthellae population with regular episodes of very low densities. These bleaching events are likely to be part of a constant variability in zooxanthellae density caused by environmental fluctuations superimposed on a strong seasonal cycle in abundance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fagoonee I -- Wilson -- Hassell -- Turner -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 5;283(5403):843-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius. Department of Biology, Imperial College, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berks. SL5 7PY, UK. School of Ocean Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Menai B.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9933167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    CD95 promotes tumour growth (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-28
    Description: CD95 (also called Fas and APO-1) is a prototypical death receptor that regulates tissue homeostasis mainly in the immune system through the induction of apoptosis. During cancer progression CD95 is frequently downregulated or cells are rendered apoptosis resistant, raising the possibility that loss of CD95 is part of a mechanism for tumour evasion. However, complete loss of CD95 is rarely seen in human cancers and many cancer cells express large quantities of CD95 and are highly sensitive to CD95-mediated apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, cancer patients frequently have elevated levels of the physiological ligand for CD95, CD95L. These data raise the possibility that CD95 could actually promote the growth of tumours through its non-apoptotic activities. Here we show that cancer cells in general, regardless of their CD95 apoptosis sensitivity, depend on constitutive activity of CD95, stimulated by cancer-produced CD95L, for optimal growth. Consistently, loss of CD95 in mouse models of ovarian cancer and liver cancer reduces cancer incidence as well as the size of the tumours. The tumorigenic activity of CD95 is mediated by a pathway involving JNK and Jun. These results demonstrate that CD95 has a growth-promoting role during tumorigenesis and indicate that efforts to inhibit its activity rather than to enhance it should be considered during cancer therapy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2879093/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2879093/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Lina -- Park, Sun-Mi -- Tumanov, Alexei V -- Hau, Annika -- Sawada, Kenjiro -- Feig, Christine -- Turner, Jerrold R -- Fu, Yang-Xin -- Romero, Iris L -- Lengyel, Ernst -- Peter, Marcus E -- CA112240/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K12 HD000849/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- L30 CA153336/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA095319/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA11182/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112240/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112240-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112240-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112240-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112240-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112240-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 27;465(7297):492-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09075.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, 924 E 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20505730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD95/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Fas Ligand Protein/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Hepatocytes/enzymology/metabolism/pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/enzymology/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasms/*metabolism/*pathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Recognition of host immune activation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-30
    Description: It is generally reasoned that lethal infections caused by opportunistic pathogens develop permissively by invading a host that is both physiologically stressed and immunologically compromised. However, an alternative hypothesis might be that opportunistic pathogens actively sense alterations in host immune function and respond by enhancing their virulence phenotype. We demonstrate that interferon-gamma binds to an outer membrane protein in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, OprF, resulting in the expression of a quorum-sensing dependent virulence determinant, the PA-I lectin. These observations provide details of the mechanisms by which prokaryotic organisms are directly signaled by immune activation in their eukaryotic host.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wu, Licheng -- Estrada, Oscar -- Zaborina, Olga -- Bains, Manjeet -- Shen, Le -- Kohler, Jonathan E -- Patel, Nachiket -- Musch, Mark W -- Chang, Eugene B -- Fu, Yang-Xin -- Jacobs, Michael A -- Nishimura, Michael I -- Hancock, Robert E W -- Turner, Jerrold R -- Alverdy, John C -- 2-RO1 GM062344-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- DK-38510/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK-47722/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01DK61931/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01DK68271/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 29;309(5735):774-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051797" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adhesins, Bacterial/*biosynthesis ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines/immunology/metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/immunology/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Lectins/*biosynthesis ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Porins/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/growth & development/*immunology/metabolism/*pathogenicity ; Pyocyanine/biosynthesis ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Up-Regulation ; Virulence
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Evaluation of LY121019, a Member of a Series of Semisynthetic Analogues of the Antifungal Lipopeptide Echinocandin B (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 544 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb40398.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthetic Studies in the Fumagillin Series1 (1963)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 28 (1963), S. 928-932 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01039a012
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptation and Evolution in Heliconius: A Defense of NeoDarwinism (1981)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 12 (1981), S. 99-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.12.110181.000531
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Danger at dawn: experimental support for the twilight hypothesis in shoaling minnows (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 29 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This experiment aimed to compare responses to predator threat at dawn and in daylight. Using silicon-intensified video, shoaling European minnows, Phoxinus phoxinus (L.), were observed in large tanks furnished to simulate natural conditions and equipped with artificial dawn and dusk illumination. In the dark, fish were observed under infra-red light. The appropriate light level for dawn predator exposure was determined behaviourally. During dawn, the behaviour of individual focal minnows was systematically recorded at five light levels set by the behaviour of fish in pilot work.On six predetermined dawn and daytime occasions over a period of 3 weeks, minnows feeding on an artificial vertical feeding patch were subjected to a standardized stalk by a model pike. Under daytime illumination (8 μEm−2 s−1), the minnows were presented with patches once per day. The feeding patches were presented early in the artificial dawn (0.5–1.5 μm−2 s−1) only on days when fish were to be subjected to the model pike.Fish became active at the onset of dawn. A behaviour which appeared at this time is reported for the first time: minnows rose to the surface, appeared to take in and expel bubbles of air, and descended. Shoaling responses and swimming speeds increased soon after the start of dawn. Foraging increased slightly later than this, when illumination had reached about one-fifth of the daytime level. This was the level chosen for predator exposure.When approached by the pike model at dawn, minnows abandoned feeding on the patch only when the pike reached one-third of the distance which it obtained under daylight. Individual fish detecting the approaching threat showed skitter and inspection behaviour similar to that observed in daylight, but these behaviours peaked much later in the pike's stalk than in daylight. We conclude that minnows at dawn fail to detect the approaching pike until it is much closer than in daylight; we believe that the work therefore provides the first experimental support for the ‘twilight hypothesis’ that, under low light levels, stalking predators have an advantage over shoaling prey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1986.tb04999.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scientific Heresy (1970)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 227 (1970), S. 641-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR,-The theologians of the Renaissance dogmatically refuted Galileo's cosmology, believing it would make nonsense of their theology. For the last twenty years, many eminent scientists, most of whom having grown up under the shadow of Hitler are emotionally involved and therefore, according to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/227641d0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of a Difference in the Male Genitalia of East and West African Stocks of Papilio dardanus (Lep.) (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 191 (1961), S. 935-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. The upper drawing shows a valve of the male genitalia of the eastern type; the lower one that of a male of the western race. In the latter, note the absence of the long spine present in the eastern males During recent investigations into the genetics of P. dardanus5, we have accumulated ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/191935a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Problems of British science (1991)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 353 (1991), S. 378-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - There is discontent with the present method of allocating British research council project grants that seems to run deeper than the grumbling that one might expect from people who think they deserved a grant. The universities and similar institutions are now engaged in a deadly game of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/353378d0
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