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  • 1
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    NEECF: a project of nutrient enrichment experiments in China's forests (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-21
    Description: Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) emissions to atmosphere have increased dramatically in China since 1980s, and this increase has aroused great concerns on its ecological impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. Previous studies have showed that terrestrial ecosystems in China are acting as a large carbon (C) sink, but its potential in the future remains largely uncertain. So far little work on the impacts of the N deposition on C sequestration in China’s terrestrial ecosystems has been assessed at a national scale. Aiming to assess and predict how ecological processes especially the C cycling respond to the increasing N deposition in China’s forests, recently researchers from Peking University and their partners have established a manipulation experimental network on the ecological effects of the N deposition: Nutrient Enrichment Experiments in China’s Forests Project (NEECF). The NEECF comprises 10 experiments at 7 sites located from north to south China, covering major zonal forest vegetation in eastern China from boreal forest in Greater Khingan Mountains to tropical forests in Hainan Island. This paper introduces the framework of the NEECF project and its potential policy implications.
    Print ISSN: 1752-993X
    Electronic ISSN: 1752-9921
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Modulation of unidirectional anisotropy for Co-based amorphous ribbons by longitudinal pulse field (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: Field-induced unidirectional anisotropy of Co-based amorphous ribbons was discussed by magnetization measurement. The shifted hysteresis loops of Co 58 Fe 5 Ni 10 Si 11 B 16 amorphous ribbons were obtained by annealing the samples in longitudinal magnetic field. Here, the feasibility of employing the longitudinal pulse field to tailor the anisotropy characteristic is demonstrated. It is found that the shifted loops can be technically controlled by enhancing the pulse field to modulate the magnetic anisotropy from unidirectional to uniaxial, and even back to unidirectional. The surface domains scan gives strong evidence that the pulse field can be one of the skillful methods to navigate the unidirectional anisotropy in the amorphous ribbons for potential applications.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 3
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    3D Finite-Element Modeling of Earthquake Interaction and Stress Accumulation on Main Active Faults around the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau Edge in the Past ~100 Years (2015)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-10-02
    Description: The northeastern Tibetan plateau edge is an active tectonic region with crustal deformation featured mainly by thrust and strike-slip faults. In the past ~100 years, several strong earthquakes have occurred around this region. Associated with regional tectonic loading, these strong earthquakes altered the stress buildup of active faults; this in turn should affect the potential hazard of seismicity around the northeastern Tibetan plateau. Here, we developed a 3D viscoelastic finite-element model to explore the stress accumulation along the main active faults during the past ~100 years. In this model, rheological contrast of the crust and upper mantle between the Tibetan plateau and its surrounding regions is approximated, and regional tectonic loading is simplified from dense Global Positioning System measurements. Results show that after the 1920 M ~8.7 Haiyuan earthquake, the succeeding ruptures, both of thrusting and strike-slipping events, had received positive changes of Coulomb failure stress—among which the coseismic and the postseismic deformations from previous earthquake(s) contributed 36%–80%. This means that significant mechanical interactions existed between the active faults around northeastern Tibet during the earthquake process even though they were separated by hundreds of kilometers. Numerical results also suggest that the 1954 M ~7.2 Shandan earthquake and the 1990 M ~6.2 Tianzhu earthquake could have been triggered because the Coulomb failure stress received from coseismic and postseismic deformation of previous earthquakes around the epicenter of these two events reached ~0.02–0.3 MPa. After about 100 years of regional tectonic loading—coseismic and postseismic deformations of past large earthquakes—the Coulomb failure stress along the northeastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault, the Tianzhu segment of the Haiyuan fault, and the Gulang fault has accumulated to 0.005–0.2 MPa. Therefore, as previous studies mentioned for the Tianzhu seismic gap, these active faults should be carefully studied because of their potential earthquake hazard. Online Material: Snapshots of Coulomb failure stress changes.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 4
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    An autoimmune disease variant of IgG1 modulates B cell activation and differentiation (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉The maintenance of autoreactive B cells in a quiescent state is crucial for preventing autoimmunity. Here we identify a variant of human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) with a Gly〈sup〉396〈/sup〉-〉Arg substitution (hIgG1-G396R), which positively correlates with systemic lupus erythematosus. In induced lupus models, murine homolog Gly〈sup〉390〈/sup〉-〉Arg (G390R) knockin mice generate excessive numbers of plasma cells, leading to a burst of broad-spectrum autoantibodies. This enhanced production of antibodies is also observed in hapten-immunized G390R mice, as well as in influenza-vaccinated human G396R homozygous carriers. This variant potentiates the phosphorylation of the IgG1 immunoglobulin tail tyrosine (ITT) motif. This, in turn, alters the availability of phospho-ITT to trigger longer adaptor protein Grb2 dwell times in immunological synapses, leading to hyper–Grb2–Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) signaling upon antigen binding. Thus, the hIgG1-G396R variant is important for both lupus pathogenesis and antibody responses after vaccination.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    An autoimmune disease variant of IgG1 modulates B cell activation and differentiation (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉The maintenance of autoreactive B cells in a quiescent state is crucial for preventing autoimmunity. Here, we identify a variant of human IgG1 (hIgG1-G396R), which positively correlates with systemic lupus erythematosus. In induced lupus models, murine homolog G390R knock-in mice generate excessive numbers of plasma cells, leading to a burst of broad-spectrum autoantibodies. This enhanced production of antibodies is also observed in hapten-immunized G390R mice, as well as in influenza-vaccinated human G396R homozygous carriers. This variant potentiates the phosphorylation of IgG1 immunoglobulin tail tyrosine (ITT) motif. This, in turn, alters the availability of phospho-ITT to trigger longer Grb2 dwell times in immunological synapses, leading to hyper-Grb2-Btk signaling upon antigen binding. Thus, the hIgG1-G396R variant is important for both lupus pathogenesis and antibody responses after vaccination.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    An autoimmune disease variant of IgG1 modulates B cell activation and differentiation (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-09
    Description: The maintenance of autoreactive B cells in a quiescent state is crucial for preventing autoimmunity. Here we identify a variant of human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) with a Gly 396 -〉Arg substitution (hIgG1-G396R), which positively correlates with systemic lupus erythematosus. In induced lupus models, murine homolog Gly 390 -〉Arg (G390R) knockin mice generate excessive numbers of plasma cells, leading to a burst of broad-spectrum autoantibodies. This enhanced production of antibodies is also observed in hapten-immunized G390R mice, as well as in influenza-vaccinated human G396R homozygous carriers. This variant potentiates the phosphorylation of the IgG1 immunoglobulin tail tyrosine (ITT) motif. This, in turn, alters the availability of phospho-ITT to trigger longer adaptor protein Grb2 dwell times in immunological synapses, leading to hyper–Grb2–Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) signaling upon antigen binding. Thus, the hIgG1-G396R variant is important for both lupus pathogenesis and antibody responses after vaccination.
    Keywords: Immunology, Medicine, Diseases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Systematic analysis of the Plk-mediated phosphoregulation in eukaryotes (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-22
    Description: Substantial evidence has confirmed that Polo-like kinases (Plks) play a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes via phosphorylation-mediated signaling transduction. Identification of Plk phospho-binding proteins and phosphorylation substrates is fundamental for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of Plks. Here, we present an integrative approach for the analysis of Plk-specific phospho-binding and phosphorylation sites (p-sites) in proteins. From the currently available phosphoproteomic data, we predicted tens of thousands of potential Plk phospho-binding and phosphorylation sites in eukaryotes, respectively. Furthermore, statistical analysis suggested that Plk phospho-binding proteins are more closely implicated in mitosis than their phosphorylation substrates. Additional computational analysis together with in vitro and in vivo experimental assays demonstrated that human Mis18B is a novel interacting partner of Plk1, while p T14 and p S48 of Mis18B were identified as phospho-binding sites. Taken together, this systematic analysis provides a global landscape of the complexity and diversity of potential Plk-mediated phosphoregulation, and the prediction results can be helpful for further experimental investigation.
    Print ISSN: 1467-5463
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-4054
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    High thermoelectric performance in low-cost SnS0.91Se0.09 crystals (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Thermoelectric technology allows conversion between heat and electricity. Many good thermoelectric materials contain rare or toxic elements, so developing low-cost and high-performance thermoelectric materials is warranted. Here, we report the temperature-dependent interplay of three separate electronic bands in hole-doped tin sulfide (SnS) crystals. This behavior leads to synergistic optimization between effective mass (〈i〉m〈/i〉*) and carrier mobility (μ) and can be boosted through introducing selenium (Se). This enhanced the power factor from ~30 to ~53 microwatts per centimeter per square kelvin (μW cm〈sup〉–1〈/sup〉 K〈sup〉–2〈/sup〉 at 300 K), while lowering the thermal conductivity after Se alloying. As a result, we obtained a maximum figure of merit 〈i〉ZT〈/i〉 (〈i〉ZT〈/i〉〈sub〉max〈/sub〉) of ~1.6 at 873 K and an average 〈i〉ZT〈/i〉 (〈i〉ZT〈/i〉〈sub〉ave〈/sub〉) of ~1.25 at 300 to 873 K in SnS〈sub〉0.91〈/sub〉Se〈sub〉0.09〈/sub〉 crystals. Our strategy for band manipulation offers a different route for optimizing thermoelectric performance. The high-performance SnS crystals represent an important step toward low-cost, Earth-abundant, and environmentally friendly thermoelectrics.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    PubChem Substance and Compound databases (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-07
    Description: PubChem ( https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ) is a public repository for information on chemical substances and their biological activities, launched in 2004 as a component of the Molecular Libraries Roadmap Initiatives of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH). For the past 11 years, PubChem has grown to a sizable system, serving as a chemical information resource for the scientific research community. PubChem consists of three inter-linked databases, Substance, Compound and BioAssay. The Substance database contains chemical information deposited by individual data contributors to PubChem, and the Compound database stores unique chemical structures extracted from the Substance database. Biological activity data of chemical substances tested in assay experiments are contained in the BioAssay database. This paper provides an overview of the PubChem Substance and Compound databases, including data sources and contents, data organization, data submission using PubChem Upload, chemical structure standardization, web-based interfaces for textual and non-textual searches, and programmatic access. It also gives a brief description of PubChem3D, a resource derived from theoretical three-dimensional structures of compounds in PubChem, as well as PubChemRDF, Resource Description Framework (RDF)-formatted PubChem data for data sharing, analysis and integration with information contained in other databases.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Post-seismic velocity changes along the 2008 M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake rupture zone revealed by S coda of repeating events (2017)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-07
    Description: We investigated post-seismic velocity changes within the fault zone of the 2008 M 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake using coda wave data of repeating small earthquakes. We employed template matching and grid search methods to identify well-defined repeating earthquakes in order to minimize artefacts induced by variations in source location. We identified a total of 12 isolated patches in the fault zone that ruptured more than twice in a 1 yr period after the M 7.9 earthquake. We applied the coda wave interferometry technique to the waveform data of the 34 identified repeating earthquakes to estimate velocity changes between the first and subsequent events in each cluster. We found that major post-seismic velocity changes occurred in the southwestern part of the rupture area, where the main rupture was initiated and characterized by thrust motion, while the Beichuan area in the northeastern part of the rupture zone appears to experience very little post-seismic velocity changes.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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