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  • 1
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    Thermal Structure of Jupiter's Upper Atmosphere Derived from the Galileo Probe (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-04
    Description: Temperatures in Jupiter's atmosphere derived from Galileo Probe deceleration data increase from 109 kelvin at the 175-millibar level to 900 ± 40 kelvin at 1 nanobar, consistent with Voyager remote sensing data. Wavelike oscillations are present at all levels. Vertical wavelengths are 10 to 25 kilometers in the deep isothermal layer, which extends from 12 to 0.003 millibars. Above the 0.003-millibar level, only 90- to 270- kilometer vertical wavelengths survive, suggesting dissipation of wave energy as the probable source of upper atmosphere heating.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seiff -- Kirk -- Knight -- Young -- Milos -- Venkatapathy -- Mihalov -- Blanchard -- Schubert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 4;276(5309):102-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉A. Seiff, Department of Meteorology, San Jose State University Foundation and MS 245-1, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. D. B. Kirk, University of Oregon, 37465 Riverside Drive, Pleasant Hill, Oregon 97455, USA. T. C. D. Knight, 2370 S. Brentwood St., Lakewood, CO 80227, USA. L. A. Young, Center for Space Physics, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. F. S. Milos, M.S. 234-1, Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. E. Venkatapathy, Eloret Institute, MS 230-2, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. J. D. Mihalov and R. E. Young, MS 245-3, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. R. C. Blanchard, MS 408A, Langley Research Center, NASA, Hampton, VA 23681, USA. G. Schubert, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9082977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Structure of the Atmosphere of Jupiter: Galileo Probe Measurements (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-10
    Description: Temperatures and pressures measured by the Galileo probe during parachute descent into Jupiter's atmosphere essentially followed the dry adiabat between 0.41 and 24 bars, consistent with the absence of a deep water cloud and with the low water content found by the mass spectrometer. From 5 to 15 bars, lapse rates were slightly stable relative to the adiabat calculated for the observed H2/He ratio, which suggests that upward heat transport in that range is not attributable to simple radial convection. In the upper atmosphere, temperatures of 〉1000 kelvin at the 0.01-microbar level confirmed the hot exosphere that had been inferred from Voyager occultations. The thermal gradient increased sharply to 5 kelvin per kilometer at a reconstructed altitude of 350 kilometers, as was recently predicted. Densities at 1000 kilometers were 100 times those in the pre-encounter engineering model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seiff -- Kirk -- Knight -- Mihalov -- Blanchard -- Young -- Schubert -- von Zahn U -- Lehmacher -- Milos -- Wang -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 10;272(5263):844-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉A. Seiff, Department of Meteorology, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA. D. B. Kirk, 37465 Riverside Drive, Pleasant Hill, OR 97455, USA. T. C. D. Knight, 2370 South Brentwood Street, Lakewood, CO 80227, USA. J. D. Mihalov, R. E. Young, F. S. Milos, J. Wang, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. R. C. Blanchard, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA. G. Schubert, Department of Earth and Space Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA. U. von Zahn, Institut fur Atmospharenphysik, Universitat Rostock, D(0)-2565 Kuhlungsborn, Germany. G. Lehmacher, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662574" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    High-Energy Charged Particles in the Innermost Jovian Magnetosphere (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-10
    Description: The energetic particles investigation carried by the Galileo probe measured the energy and angular distributions of the high-energy particles from near the orbit of Io to probe entry into the jovian atmosphere. Jupiter's inner radiation region had extremely large fluxes of energetic electrons and protons; intensities peaked at approximately2.2RJ (where RJ is the radius of Jupiter). Absorption of the measured particles was found near the outer edge of the bright dust ring. The instrument measured intense fluxes of high-energy helium ions (approximately62 megaelectron volts per nucleon) that peaked at approximately1.5RJ inside the bright dust ring. The abundances of all particle species decreased sharply at approximately1.35RJ; this decrease defines the innermost edge of the equatorial jovian radiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischer -- Pehlke -- Wibberenz -- Lanzerotti -- Mihalov -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 10;272(5263):856-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉H. M. Fischer, E. Pehlke, G. Wibberenz, Institut fur Kernphysik, Universitat Kiel, D-24118 Kiel, Germany. L. J. Lanzerotti, Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA. J. D. Mihalov, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Electron observations and ion flows from the pioneer venus orbiter plasma analyzer experiment (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-07-06
    Description: Additional plasma measurements in the vicinity of Venus are presented which show that (i) there are three distinct plasma electron populations-solar wind electrons, ionosheath electrons, and nightside ionosphere electrons; (ii) the plasma ion flow pattern in the ionosheath is consistent with deflected flow around a blunt obstacle; (iii) the plasma ion flow velocities near the downstream wake may, at times, be consistent with the deflection of plasma into the tail, closing the solar wind cavity downstream from Venus at a relatively close distance (within 5 Venus radii) to the planet; (iv) there is a separation between the inner boundary of the downstream ionosheath and the upper boundary of the nightside ionosphere; and (v) during the first 4.5 months in orbit the measured solar wind plasma speed continued to vary, showing a number of high-speed, but generally nonrecurrent, streams.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Intriligator, D S -- Collard, H R -- Mihalov, J D -- Whitten, R C -- Wolfe, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jul 6;205(4401):116-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17778923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Preliminary results on the plasma environment of saturn from the pioneer 11 plasma analyzer experiment (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-01-25
    Description: The Ames Research Center Pioneer 11 plasma analyzer experiment provided measurements of the solar wind interaction with Saturn and the character of the plasma environment within Saturn's magnetosphere. It is shown that Saturn has a detached bow shock wave and magnetopause quite similar to those at Earth and Jupiter. The scale size of the interaction region for Saturn is roughly one-third that at Jupiter, but Saturn's magnetosphere is equally responsive to changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure. Saturn's outer magnetosphere is inflated, as evidenced by the observation of large fluxes of corotating plasma. It is postulated that Saturn's magnetosphere may undergo a large expansion when the solar wind pressure is greatly diminished by the presence of Jupiter's extended magnetospheric tail when the two planets are approximately aligned along the same solar radial vector.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolfe, J H -- Mihalov, J D -- Collard, H R -- McKibbin, D D -- Frank, L A -- Intriligator, D S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jan 25;207(4429):403-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17833548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wind speeds measured in the deep jovian atmosphere by the Galileo probe accelerometers (1997)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 388 (1997), S. 650-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The atmosphere of Jupiter has a complex circulation which, until recently, has been observable only at the cloud tops,; the mechanisms driving the winds, and the nature of the interior circulation, remained unknown. Recent analyses of the radio signal from the Galileo probe, obtained during its ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/388650a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pioneer-10 observation of the solar wind proton temperature heliocentric gradient (1978)
    Springer
    Solar physics 60 (1978), S. 399-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Solar wind isotropic proton temperatures as measured out to 12.2 AU heliocentric distance by the Ames plasma analyzer aboard Pioneer-10 are presented as consecutive averages over three Carrington solar rotations and discussed. The weighted least-squares fit of average temperature to heliocentric radial distance, R, yields the power law R -0.52. These average proton temperatures are not correlated as well with Pioneer-10's heliocentric radial distance (-0.85) as are the corresponding average Zürich sunspot numbers R z (-0.95). Consequently, it is difficult to isolate the spatial gradient in the Pioneer-10 solar wind proton temperatures using that data alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00156539
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An unusual interplanetary event: encounter with a comet? (1983)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 305 (1983), S. 612-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Figure 1 shows the magnetic field observed by Pioneer Venus over a 24-h period on 10 and 11 February 1982. The data are displayed in solar ecliptic coordinates with the jc-axis pointing towards the Sun and the z-axis pointing towards the ecliptic pole. The lighter trace on these plots shows ISEE3 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/305612a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On limits to Jupiter's magnetospheric diffusion rates (1973)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 20 (1973), S. 483-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract X-ray fluxes at Earth estimated from hypothetical fluxes and spectra of energetic particles trapped in Jupiter's magnetic field are found to be 1/170000 times the upper limit X-ray flux from Jupiter based on published results from a rocket experiment. Detection of the calculated X-ray flux from Jupiter does not necessarily provide information on an energetic trapped proton component because the X-ray flux due to the hypothetical trapped energetic proton fluxes alone is comparable in magnitude to that due alone to trapped energetic electron fluxes at Jupiter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00642217
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distant bow shock observations by explorer 33 (1974)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 30 (1974), S. 447-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Locations, orientations and magnetic field changes are given for 135 bow shock crossings at distances downstream from Earth between 84 and 117 Earth radii. The shock locations bracket those calculated for the hypersonic analogue by Dryer and Heckman for a Mach number of 3.8. The shock normal vectors have been calculated using magnetic coplanarity. The average normal vectors have a greater inclination by ∼17±5 deg from the symmetry axis than the Dryer and Heckman shock orientations for a 3.8 Mach number. Over a range of downstream distances from 60 to 115 Earth radii, the median magnetic field magnitude jump across the shock changes from 1.90 to 1.70 times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00648290
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