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  • 1
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    Multicomponent intermetallic nanoparticles and superb mechanical behaviors of complex alloys (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: Alloy design based on single–principal-element systems has approached its limit for performance enhancements. A substantial increase in strength up to gigapascal levels typically causes the premature failure of materials with reduced ductility. Here, we report a strategy to break this trade-off by controllably introducing high-density ductile multicomponent intermetallic nanoparticles (MCINPs) in complex alloy systems. Distinct from the intermetallic-induced embrittlement under conventional wisdom, such MCINP-strengthened alloys exhibit superior strengths of 1.5 gigapascals and ductility as high as 50% in tension at ambient temperature. The plastic instability, a major concern for high-strength materials, can be completely eliminated by generating a distinctive multistage work-hardening behavior, resulting from pronounced dislocation activities and deformation-induced microbands. This MCINP strategy offers a paradigm to develop next-generation materials for structural applications.
    Keywords: Materials Science
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Multicomponent intermetallic nanoparticles and superb mechanical behaviors of complex alloys (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Alloy design based on single–principal-element systems has approached its limit for performance enhancements. A substantial increase in strength up to gigapascal levels typically causes the premature failure of materials with reduced ductility. Here, we report a strategy to break this trade-off by controllably introducing high-density ductile multicomponent intermetallic nanoparticles (MCINPs) in complex alloy systems. Distinct from the intermetallic-induced embrittlement under conventional wisdom, such MCINP-strengthened alloys exhibit superior strengths of 1.5 gigapascals and ductility as high as 50% in tension at ambient temperature. The plastic instability, a major concern for high-strength materials, can be completely eliminated by generating a distinctive multistage work-hardening behavior, resulting from pronounced dislocation activities and deformation-induced microbands. This MCINP strategy offers a paradigm to develop next-generation materials for structural applications.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Crustal structure and rheology of the Longmenshan and Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake epicentral area from magnetotelluric data (2012)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-15
    Description: The Longmenshan forms the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau adjacent to the Sichuan Basin. This range is anomalous because it formed despite low convergence and slip rates and without the development of a foreland basin. The devastating A.D. 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Mw = 7.9) has renewed debate about the tectonics of the Longmenshan. A magnetotelluric (MT) study was undertaken subsequent to the earthquake to investigate the crustal structure of the Longmenshan, and inversion of the data reveals a low-resistivity (high-conductivity) layer at a depth of ~20 km beneath the eastern Tibetan Plateau that terminates ~25 km west of the Wenchuan-Maoxian fault. Its electrical properties are consistent with it being fluid-rich and mechanically weak. Beneath the Longmenshan and Sichuan Basin, a high-resistivity zone extends through the entire crust, but with a zone of low resistivity in the vicinity of the Wenchuan hypocenter. We show that the MT data, combined with other geological and geophysical observations, support geodynamic models for the uplift of eastern Tibet being caused by southeast-directed crustal flow that is blocked by stable lithosphere beneath the Sichuan Basin and Longmenshan, leading to inflation of the Songpan-Ganzi terrane. This rigid high-resistivity backstop not only provided a block to flow, but also may have accumulated stress prior to the earthquake. The MT observations provide new insights into the generation of the Wenchuan earthquake, which occurred in a region with low convergence rates prior to the earthquake.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 4
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    Diagonal nematicity in the pseudogap phase of HgBa2CuO4+δ (2019)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
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    Priming of rice antiherbivore defense by silicon [Ecology] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-18
    Description: Although the function of silicon (Si) in plant physiology has long been debated, its beneficial effects on plant resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses, including insect herbivory, have been well documented. In addition, the jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in mediating antiherbivore defense responses in plants. However,...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Voids in modified gravity: excursion set predictions (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-03
    Description: We investigate the behaviour of the fifth force in voids in chameleon models using the spherical collapse method. Contrary to Newtonian gravity, we find the fifth force is repulsive in voids. The strength of the fifth force depends on the density inside and outside the void region as well as its radius. It can be many times larger than the Newtonian force and their ratio is in principle unbound. This is very different from the case in haloes, where the fifth force is no more than 1/3 of gravity. The evolution of voids is governed by the Newtonian gravity, the effective dark energy force and the fifth force. While the first two forces are common in both cold dark matter (CDM) and chameleon universes, the fifth force is unique to the latter. Driven by the outward-pointing fifth force, individual voids in chameleon models expand faster and grow larger than in a CDM universe. The expansion velocity of the void shell can be 20–30 per cent larger for voids of a few Mpc  h –1 in radius, while their sizes can be larger by ~10 per cent. This difference is smaller for larger voids of the same density. We compare void statistics using excursion set theory; for voids of the same size, their number density is found to be larger in chameleon models. The fractional difference increases with void size due to the steepening of the void distribution function. The chance of having voids of radius ~25 Mpc  h –1 can be 2.5 times larger. This difference is about 10 times larger than that in the halo mass function. We find strong environmental dependence of void properties and population in chameleon models. The differences in size and expansion velocity with general relativity are both larger for small voids in high-density regions. In general, the difference between chameleon models and CDM in void properties (size, expansion velocity and distribution function) is larger than the corresponding quantities for haloes. This suggests that voids might be better candidates than haloes for testing gravity.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Sequence-stratigraphic architectures and sand-body distribution in Cenozoic rifted lacustrine basins, east China (2013)
    American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-14
    Description: Cenozoic rifted lacustrine basins in east China display three main basin types: (1) basins with steeply dipping boundary fault, whose hanging walls tilt along pivot points; (2) basins with listric boundary faults, whose hanging walls bend along flexural bending points; and (3) basins formed by earlier extensional rifting with later strike-slip movement superimposed. The sequence development is intimately linked to the tectonic movements in the area, where second-order sequences are regionally correlatable from basin to basin and relate to the large-scale tectonic movements in the region. Third-order sequences are related to local tectonic activity and are correlatable within basins, between subbasins, and sometimes, between neighboring basins. Detailed sequence-stratigraphic analysis and mapping of depositional systems demonstrate that sand-body distribution patterns are related to sequence-stratigraphic frameworks. For the three kinds of basins, the positions of pivot point zones, flexural bend zones, and strike-slip faults plus the syndepositional faults all control the distribution of depositional systems, systems tract, and sand bodies. These controlling factors can be attributed to different structural and stratigraphic features that change the accommodation. Structural elements include boundary faults, syndepositional faults, and abrupt changes in dip. Stratigraphic controls include preexisting surfaces with local channelization, paleobathymetric lows, and onlap onto clinoform slopes. The lowstand sand bodies deposited at the downdip end of these controlling factors constitute the current and future exploration targets for conventional reservoirs.
    Print ISSN: 0149-1423
    Electronic ISSN: 0149-1423
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
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  • 8
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    Voids in modified gravity reloaded: Eulerian void assignment (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-15
    Description: We revisit the excursion set approach to calculate void abundances in chameleon-type modified gravity theories, which was previously studied by Clampitt, Cai & Li. We focus on properly accounting for the void-in-cloud effect, i.e. the growth of those voids sitting in overdense regions may be restricted by the evolution of their surroundings. This effect may change the distribution function of voids hence affect predictions on the differences between modified gravity (MG) and general relativity (GR). We show that the thin-shell approximation usually used to calculate the fifth force is qualitatively good but quantitatively inaccurate. Therefore, it is necessary to numerically solve the fifth force in both overdense and underdense regions. We then generalize the Eulerian-void-assignment method of Paranjape, Lam & Sheth to our modified gravity model. We implement this method in our Monte Carlo simulations and compare its results with the original Lagrangian methods. We find that the abundances of small voids are significantly reduced in both MG and GR due to the restriction of environments. However, the change in void abundances for the range of void radii of interest for both models is similar. Therefore, the difference between models remains similar to the results from the Lagrangian method, especially if correlated steps of the random walks are used. As Clampitt et al., we find that the void abundance is much more sensitive to MG than halo abundances. Our method can then be a faster alternative to N -body simulations for studying the qualitative behaviour of a broad class of theories. We also discuss the limitations and other practical issues associated with its applications.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Quasi-free-standing bilayer epitaxial graphene field-effect transistors on 4H-SiC (0001) substrates (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-06
    Description: Quasi-free-standing epitaxial graphene grown on wide band gap semiconductor SiC demonstrates high carrier mobility and good material uniformity, which make it promising for graphene-based electronic devices. In this work, quasi-free-standing bilayer epitaxial graphene is prepared and its transistors with gate lengths of 100 nm and 200 nm are fabricated and characterized. The 100 nm gate length graphene transistor shows improved DC and RF performances including a maximum current density I ds of 4.2 A/mm, and a peak transconductance g m of 2880 mS/mm. Intrinsic current-gain cutoff frequency f T of 407 GHz is obtained. The exciting DC and RF performances obtained in the quasi-free-standing bilayer epitaxial graphene transistor show the great application potential of this material system.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 10
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    Single-cell RNA sequencing of a European and an African lymphoblastoid cell line (2019)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Electronic ISSN: 2052-4463
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Published by Springer Nature
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