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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tropomyosin, the Major Oyster Crassostrea gigas Allergen and its IgE-binding Epitopes (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 63 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The major allergen (Cra g 1) isolated from the oyster Crassostrea gigas was digested with lysylendopeptidase. Twenty-one peptide fragments were isolated from the digest by reverse-phase HPLC and some of them were sequenced. Cra g 1 was identified as tropomyosin. In competitive ELISA inhibition analyses of lysylendopeptidase fragments, a peptide (K21) showed maximum inhibition of the binding of IgE antibodies in sensitive human serum to Cra g 1. On further tryptic hydrolysis of K21, two peptides exhibited high inhibitory ability equivalent to K21. These results suggested that Cra g 1 had an IgE-binding epitope in the segment 92–105 (IQLLEEDMERSEER) which was dissimilar to those of the major allergen (tropomyosin) from the shrimp Penaeus indicus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb15672.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytological changes and DNA and protein synthesis in parthenogenetically activated sea urchin eggs (1979)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 185 (1979), S. 323-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Cytological change ; DNA and protein synthesis ; Parthenogenesis ; Sea urchin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The present study deals with cytological observations, DNA and protein synthesis in artificially activated sea urchin eggs. The eggs were activated by means of Loeb's double treatment with butyric acid and hypertonic sea water. Most of the eggs ofHemicentrotus pulcherrimus divided when the chromosomes duplicated after formation of the first monaster and other eggs divided at a later cell cycle. In the eggs ofTemnopleurus toreumaticus, however, haploid division at the first cell cycle was observed predominantly. Activated eggs that were treated for 25 min with hypertonic sea water showed a marked uptake of3H-thymidine during the two periods of 30–40 min and 90–100 min after the double treatment. These periodic changes in the3H-thymidine uptake paralleled morphological changes within the nucleus. However, these periods of increased uptake were not observed in the eggs treated with hypertonic sea water for 60 min. During exposure to hypertonic sea water, the3H-thymidine-uptake by eggs activated with butyric acid decreased gradually. When the uptake of14C-valine by eggs was measured, a very low level was seen in unfertilized eggs. The level of uptake increased strikingly when the eggs were activated with butyric acid but was suppressed by the hypertonic treatment. However, removal of the eggs to sea water allowed the uptake to return to the former high level. This pattern suggests that the hypertonic treatment has an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of protein (or enzymes) which obstruct cleavage induction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848519
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crazing mechanism based on plastic instability (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 1295-1300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The mechanism of the nucleation of craze from the region of pre-formed voids is discussed on the basis of the finite elements analysis for an elastic plastic material containing a twodimensional array of cylindrical voids. Calculations are made for the two kinds of boundary conditions with respect to the constraint of the transverse strain under simple tension. The craze formation is considered to be an unstable concentration of plastic strain within the ligament between neighbouring voids. The present calculation shows that the constraint of the transverse strain is the essential factor in craze formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544468
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of enhanced impact strength of poly(vinyl chloride) modified by acrylic graft copolymer (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The mechanism of enhanced PVC impact strength of poly(vinyl chloride) modified by an acrylic graft copolymer was studied by the three-point bending test on a U-notched bar. In the mechanism, the void formation from the modifier released the constrained strain. The release suppresses the stress below the fibril strength in the material; consequently, stable deformation can develop over a large area and, thus, the impact strength of PVC modified by the acrylic graft copolymer is improved. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of toughening for polypropylene blended with ethylene-propylene-diene rubber following selective crosslinking (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 1495-1502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Toughening mechanism of polypropylene (PP) blended with ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) following selective crosslinking was examined in comparison with that of blends of PP before crosslinking. The yield stress, strength of craze, and density of void which are dominant factors for enhancing toughness in PP blends were evaluated and the deformation and fracture mechanism was discussed. It was concluded that toughness of PP blended with EPDM is improved by selective crosslinking, since the improvement of the craze strength is greater than the drop in the release of the constraint of strain. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of modifier characteristics on toughness of poly(vinyl chloride) (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 1387-1393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of the mechanical properties of an acrylic graft copolymer and a silicone/acrylic composite rubber graft copolymer on the toughening of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) are examined. In the experiment for improvement of impact resistance of PVC, toughness of the blend polymer of a silicone/acrylic composite rubber graft copolymer is improved remarkably. The effect is attributed to the suppression of stress concentration below the fibril strength of the polymer alloy effectively by releasing the constraint of strain resulting from easy void formation at low stress. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytological effects of urethan on cleavage induction in parthenogenetically activated sea urchin eggs (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 2 (1979), S. 213-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: urethan effect ; cleavage induction ; parthenogenesis ; sea urchin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of urethan on artificial induction of cleavage in eggs of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, was studied. When the eggs were exposed for 20 minutes to seawater containing urethan (final concentration, 0.08 M) after butyric acid-activation and then treated with hypertonic seawater, the cleavage rate was enchanced by about 1.5 times as compared with the nontreated eggs. In the eggs exposed to urethan-seawater for over 70 minutes many clear spots appeared throughout the cytoplasm. Simultaneously, the pigment granules, which had been embedded within the cortex, migrated to the inner cytoplasm and encircled a monastral centrosphere and clear spots. The clear spots were composed of microtubules much like cytasters, and in the central region of them centrioles were not yet found. The eggs in which the pigment granules disappeared from the cortex may be more susceptible to cleavage induction by succeeding hypertonic treatment.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120020305
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yielding of a notched poly(vinyl chloride) sheet (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 15 (1977), S. 2227-2237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The development of plastic deformation around the crack tip of poly(vinyl chloride), a ductile glassy polymer, has been studied in relation to the Dugdale-Barenblatt model of ductile yielding. Three-dimensional observations reveal that the plastic deformation ahead of the crack tip consists of crazes, shear bands, and their intersections. The formation of the craze is due to a state of plane strain at the immediate vicinity of the crack tip and restricted to early steps of loading. The size and shape of the fully developed plastic zone can be described by the model. The influence of strain hardening beyond the yield point is discussed on the basis of comparison of the plastic zone lengths of poly(vinyl chloride) with those of polycarbonate which always shows shorter lengths than the model predicts.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.180151214
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fatigue process in highly oriented nylon 6 fibers (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 15 (1977), S. 1055-1066 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The micromechanism of the fatigue process in highly oriented nylon 6 fibers is discussed on the basis of changes in mechanical and structural properties during fatiguing. Experimental results show that the fatigue process can be divided into two stages. The characteristic features in the initial period are increases in breaking strength, long period, and molecular orientation, and a reduction in dye penetration. In the second period, after about 500 cycles, breaking strength and orientation decrease slightly, and the long period, permanent strain, and dye penetration increase with duration of fatiguing. It is demonstrated that the structural changes mainly occur in the amorphous regions of the fiber structure. The structural and mechanical changes in the initial period lead to the conclusion that the initial cyclic strain causes strain hardening caused by extended tie chains which do not rupture. A combination of load bearing by tie chains and sliding motion of the fibrillar elements can explain the progressive degradation of the fiber during the second stage of fatiguing.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.180150612
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delayed yielding of polycarbonate under constant load (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 16 (1978), S. 1459-1470 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The time-dependent yielding of glassy polycarbonate subjected to constant tensile loads has been studied. Application of a constant stress of a magnitude between the yield stress and the stress required for propagation of a neck in constant strain tests results in inhomogeneous yielding after a well-defined time lag. This delay time increases with decreasing stress and temperature. The critical stress for slowly cooled material is greater than that for quenched material in which the delay time is divided in two regions. The delay time is regarded as the time required for the initiation of inhomogeneous yielding at either edge of the specimen and growth over a certain distance across the specimen. Geometrical observations revealed that the inhomogeneous yielding is shear yielding which is initiated due to stress inhomogeneities caused by mechanical imperfections at the edge of the specimen. The Eyring treatment of delayed yielding can describe fairly well the stress and temperature dependence of the delay time.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1978.180160811
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