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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulsed field magnetometer for nondestructive monitoring of encapsulated magnetic materials : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5614-5616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A study was recently undertaken to consolidate Sm2Fe17N3−x-based materials by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing). For HIPing, pressed green samples were placed at the center of evacuated, closely fitting, nonmagnetic, thin-walled, stainless-steel cans. The use of nonmagnetic, high-resistivity containers for the samples offered a unique opportunity to evaluate the magnetic properties of the samples after HIPing, without removing them from the HIP cans, by using a pulsed field magnetometer (PFM). The high electrical resistivity of the samples and their containers permits the slowly varying magnetic field (∼5 ms rise time, 45 ms pulse length) to penetrate a sample fully with no phase lags. Thus, the magnetization of a sample is essentially in equilibrium with the applied, time-varying magnetic field. With this method, a given set of encapsulated samples could be subjected to successively higher temperature heat treatments to determine their effects on the magnetic properties. The PFM allowed the rapid acquisition, storage, and processing of digital data by computer. The design of the PFM system, demagnetization corrections, procedures used, and some results are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353614
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and properties of a magnetically hard Sm5(Fe,Co,Ti)17 phase in sintered magnets : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5902-5904 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetically hard Sm5(Fe,Co,Ti)17 phases have been synthesized by the conventional powder metallurgical method. A representative magnet of composition Sm5(Fe0.94Ti0.06)17 shows a room-temperature coercivity, iHc, ∼21.5 kOe, remanence, Br, ∼3.5 kG, and Curie temperature, Tc∼300 °C. The main phase of the magnets has the hexagonal Nd5Fe17 structure with a=20.146 A(ring), c=12.310 A(ring). The magnets contained minor amounts of Sm2(Fe,Ti)17 and Sm(Fe,Ti)3, as detected by thermomagnetic analyses (TMA). When Fe is partially substituted by Co, Tc increases, by ∼40 °C for the magnet of composition Sm5(Fe0.74Co0.20Ti0.06)17. This magnet exhibits iHc∼4.0 kOe and Br∼3.4 kG at room temperature. It consists of 2:17, 5:17, and 1:2 phases. The effects of heat treatment procedure on the phase formation and magnetic properties of the magnets have been studied. The best sintering temperature for forming the 5:17 phase, as well as for developing the highest iHc, is ∼700–850 °C. Above 850–1000 °C the 2:17 and 1:2 or 1:3 phases become dominant, the 5:17 hard phase almost disappears, and the coercivity of the magnets decreases substantially.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353516
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetism of (Sm,R)2Fe17Ny (R=Y, Tb or mischmetal) : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6024-6026 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic properties are reported for nitrides of the formula (Sm1−xRx)2Fe17Ny, where R=Y, Tb, or mischmetal and y=2.5 to 2.8. Substantial replacement of Sm by R is observed for Sm2Fe17−60% by mischmetal and 100% by Y or Tb. In all cases nitrogenation expands the lattice and increases Tc by 300 to 400 K. Magnetization decreases as Sm is replaced by Tb but increases when Y is the dopant. The latter implies antiferromagnetic coupling in Sm2Fe17. The uniaxial anisotropy observed for Sm2Fe17Ny is weakened by replacing Sm with Tb or Y. The weakening is greater in the case of Tb; this follows since the Tb crystal field interaction opposes that of Sm, whereas Y acts essentially as a mere diluent. If dilution were the only effect, HA would fall linearly with composition. Behavior approaching this is observed. Some of the systems appear to be of interest for permanent magnet fabrication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350081
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amorphization of TbFe3 by nitrogen absorption : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5733-5735 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The nitrogenation process of the TbFe3 intermetallic compound was studied by heat treating the alloy between 573 and 873 K in a nitrogen atmosphere. The structural and magnetic properties of the nitrogenated samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements. The magnetic moments of the nitrogenated samples were found to be a function of the annealing temperature and showed a minimum for the sample heat treated at 673 K. The XRD pattern of this sample (673 K) showed that the Bragg peaks of the 1-3 phase had completely disappeared and were replaced by a broad maximum indicating a breakdown of the TbFe3 structure into an amorphous phase. The room-temperature Mössbauer spectrum of the same sample consisted almost entirely of a quadrupole-split doublet plus a small amount of α-Fe and TbFe3. This doublet split into a broad spectrum upon cooling which is typical of amorphous rare-earth–transition-metal compounds. For samples heat treated at higher temperatures, the amount of α-Fe and TbN phases gradually increased. This nitrogenation process is unlike that of R2Fe17. In this study, nitrogen atoms do not go into the interstitial sites. Instead, they create a ferromagnetic (TC≈215 K) amorphous phase of Tb, Fe, and N which is stable over a wide temperature range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353607
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal-bonded Sm2Fe17-N-type magnets : The 5th Joint MMM−Intermag Conference (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6027-6029 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A number of metal-bonded Sm2Fe17-N magnets have been fabricated. These magnets exhibit iHc = 5.1–17.0 kOe, Br = 6.4–8.4 kG, (BH)max=5.0–10.8 MGOe, Tc = 757 K, and ρ=6.2–6.7 g/cm3. Powder metallurgical techniques have been employed with a mixture of powdered Sm2Fe17-N and Zn, Sn, or In. Heat treatment is carried out in the temperature range of 160–450 °C in a N2 atmosphere at pressures ranging from 0–900 psi. The effects of Zn, Sn, and In contents and heat treatment conditions on the magnetic properties have been studied. Zn as the binder significantly enhances the coercivity iHc from 1.8–2.5 kOe for Zn-free magnets to 5–17 kOe for 9–20-wt. % Zn-containing magnets. The Fe-Zn phase, FeZn4, and/or Fe3Zn7, formed during heat treatment, may play an important role in producing a high coercivity. Sn-bonded magnets exhibit significant coercivity, whereas the In-bonded materials do not. The coercivity behavior is discussed in terms of the chemistry of the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350082
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic and structural characteristics of the Nd2(Co,Fe)7B3 system (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4981-4983 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nd2Co7−xFexB3 alloys have been synthesized and studied at temperatures from 4 to 1100 K at fields up to 90 kOe. The structure and magnetic properties vary significantly with changing Fe content. The main phase is observed to be of hexagonal symmetry for x〈3. For x〉4 it is multiphase, the major phase having tetragonal symmetry. The Tc increases from 330 to 885 K when x varies from 0 to 3, then decreases from 885 to 577 K when x increases from 3 to 7. The saturation magnetization is 8μB/fu at 4.2 K, for Nd2Co7B3; it increases with increasing Fe content. The alloys exhibit a conical (0〈x〈3) and an axial (x〉4) magnetocrystalline anisotropy at 295 K. They all exhibit conical magnetic anisotropy at 77 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344696
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic and structural characteristics of the Pr2(Co,Fe)7B3 system : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials San Diego, California (USA) 29 Oct−Nov 1990 (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5599-5601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Pr2Co7−xFexB3(0≤x≤7) alloys have been synthesized and studied at temperatures from 4 to 1100 K at fields up to 90 kOe. The structure and magnetic properties vary significantly with increasing Fe content. The material exhibits the Ce2Co7B3 structure for 0≤x≤0.5. For 0.5≤x≤3 the alloy is comprised of a main phase of hexagonal structure. A change in magnetocrystalline anisotropy occurs around x=3.5; all alloys of x≤3 exhibit conical anisotropy at both 295 and 77 K, and axial anisotropy for x≥3.5. Tc increases from 328 to 890 K when x varies from 0 to 3, then decreased to 564 K when x further increased to 7. The saturation magnetization, Ms, increases monotonically with increasing Fe content. A sintered magnet with a Br of 6.1 kG, a Hci of 10.6 kOe, and a BHmax of 9.1 MGOe were obtained using Pr2Co2Fe5B3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347961
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of MnBi1−xRx (R=rare earth) systems (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6040-6042 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: MnBi crystallizes in a NiAs-type hexagonal crystal structure, exhibits a high uniaxial anisotropy, and is potentially useful as a permanent magnet material. We have examined the effect of partial substitution of Bi with rare earth elements on the magnetic properties of MnBi. MnBi1−xRx (R=Nd, Dy) were prepared by mechanically alloying powders of the constituent elements at liquid nitrogen temperature followed by heat treatment. X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements were performed on powder samples to characterize the samples. We found that in MnBi1−xNdx, coercivity (at room temperature) increases from 0.7 kOe to 6.6 kOe for x=0.0 and 0.3, respectively. In MnBi1−xDyx the coercivity increases from 0.7 kOe to 7.9 kOe for x=0.0 and 0.3. The increase in coercivity may be in part due to the increase in the crystal field anisotropy as Nd or Dy is introduced and in part due to the finer particle size. A magnet made from MnBi shows coercivity of ∼17 kOe. A very fine particle size is considered to be the reason for this high coercivity. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372605
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and magnetic properties of RCo7−xZrx (R=Pr or Er, x=0–0.8) (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 5663-5665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Alloys of composition RCo7−xZrx (R=Pr or Er and x=0−0.8) were synthesized and characterized in the temperature range of 10–1273 K in fields up to 5 T. As with the SmCo7−xZrx system studied earlier in our laboratory, the effects of Zr doping on the stability of the TbCu7 phase and the increase in the anisotropy field HA are also observed in the systems of PrCo7−xZrx and ErCo7−xZrx. Nearly single phase TbCu7 materials were formed in as-cast alloys when x=0.1–0.2. In the case of R=Pr, HA changes from almost planar for x=0 to uniaxial with Ha∼100 kOe for x≥0.2 at room temperature (RT). In the case of R=Er, HA for the x=0.1 composition is almost two times larger than that of the Zr-free alloys, which shows strong uniaxial anisotropy at both RT and 10 K. Spin reorientation behavior (when R=Pr) and R–M antiparallel coupling (when R=Er) were also observed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369833
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of HITPERM (Fe, Co)88Zr7B4Cu1 magnets (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 4421-4423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new class of nanocrystalline alloys with composition Fe44Co44Zr7B4Cu1 has been developed. This and similar alloys of general composition (Fe, Co)–M–B–Cu (where M=Zr, Hf, Nb, etc.) have been named HITPERM. They offer large magnetic inductions and excellent soft magnetic properties at elevated temperatures. Thermomagnetic properties, permeability, and frequency dependent losses are described in this report. These alloys exhibit high magnetization that persists to the α→γ phase transformation at 980 °C. Alternating current permeability experiments reveal a high permeability at 2 kHz with a loss value of 1 W/g at Bs=10 kG and f=10 kHz. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369804
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