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1

Electronic Resource

Feeding requirements and artificial diets for the alfalfa weevil (1974)

Hsiao, Ting H. ; Hsiao, Catherine

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 17 (1974), S. 83-91

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un milieu artificiel constitué de substances nutritives communes est proposé pour élever Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), ou ≪alfalfa weevil≫. La valeur gustative pour l'insecte de cet aliment artificiel a été renforcée par l'addition de phago-stimulants reconnus au cours d'études antérieures. Ce milieu alimentaire de base permet le développement jusqu'au stade adulte de 74% des populations de larves nouveau-nées. L'adjonction de poudre de luzerne améliore l'alimentation et la croissance. Le milieu ayant reçu 10% d'un extrait acétonique de poudre de feuilles de luzerne s'est révélé le plus favorable, puisque le développement, le poids des nymphes, et le pourcentage des adultes produits sont presque les mêmes que ceux d'un élevage sur luzerne. Les problèmes relatifs à la mise au point de milieux d'élevage artificiels pour les insectes oligophages sont discutés, ainsi que les avantages de cette méthode, dans le cas du charançon de la luzerne.

Notes: Abstract An artificial diet consisting of common nutritive substances was formulated for rearing the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal). The palatability of this diet was enhanced by the addition of feeding stimulants identified during previous studies of this insect. The basal diet allowed 72% of newly hatched larvae to reach the adult stage. The addition of alfalfa leaf powders into the basal diet improved feeding and growth. The diet with 10% of acetone-extracted leaf powder was most suitable, since the rate of development, pupal weight, and per cent adult yield of alfalfa weevils reared on this diet were almost identical to those reared on alfalfa leaves. The problem of developing an artificial diet for this oligophagous insect and the advantages of using artificial diets for laboratory rearing of the alfalfa weevil are discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00342567

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Inheritance of a vestigial wing mutation in the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (1985)

Hsiao, T. H. ; Hsiao, Catherine

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 37 (1985), S. 229-233

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Keywords: alfalfa weevil ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Hypera postica ; mutation ; vestigial-wing

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des H. postica aux ailes postérieures vestigiales ont été découverts dans une population de Wageningen (Pays Bas) et deux des USA—une lignée orientale de Beltsville (Maryland) et une lignée de H. brunneipennis d'Atascadero (Californie). Ce mutant était absent de 23 autres populations examinées aux USA: 3 de l'est, 7 de l'ouest et 13 de H. brunneipennis. Cette mutation est due à un gène dominant antosomal avec aile normale comme récessif. Le gêne mutant peut être transféré des lignées orientales aux lignées occidentales. Le caractère aile courte peut être pratique pour les manipulations génétiques destinées à maîtriser les populations d'H. postica.

Notes: Abstract Alfalfa weevils (Hypera postica (Gyllenhal)) with vestigial hind wings were discovered in a population from Wageningen, the Netherlands, and two populations from the United States—an eastern weevil strain from Beltsville, Maryland and an Egyptian weevil strain from Atascadero, California. Such a mutant was absent from 23 other populations surveyed in the United States—three from eastern, seven from western, and 13 from Egyptian weevil strains. This mutation is due to a dominant autosomal gene with normal-wing individuals as recessive. The mutant gene can be transferred from eastern weevil to the western weevil strain. The short-wing trait may be useful for genetic manipulation to control the alfalfa weevil.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191653

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Electronic Resource

Hybridization and cytoplasmic incompatibility among alfalfa weevil strains (1985)

Hsiao, T. H. ; Hsiao, Catherine

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 37 (1985), S. 155-159

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Keywords: Hypera postica ; Curculionidae ; alfalfa weevil ; hybridization ; cytoplasmic incompatibility ; rickettsia

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des croisements ont été effectués entre 3 lignées d'H. postica et H. brunneipennis. Des descendants totalement viables ont été obtenus par croisements réciproques entre H. postica de Beltsville et H. brunneipennis. Les croisements entre mâles de H. postica de Logan et femelles de H. postica de Beltsville ou de H. brunneipennis ont été incompatibles, produisant des oeufs stériles, tandis que les croisements réciproques donnaient une descendance viable, mais avec un taux sexuel modifié avec prédominance de femelles. La cause de l'incompatibilité est due à la présence d'une rickettsia dans les H. postica de Logan, transmise par la femelle. Des 8 populations examinées, seule celle de Logan et 1 des pays Bas hébergeaient des rickettsia. Nous en concluons que toutes les populations des USA appartiennent à H. postica Gyllenhal, et qu'elles sont toutes potentiellement interfécondes.

Notes: Abstract Cross-matings were conducted among eastern, western, and Egyptian alfalfa weevil strains. Fully viable progenies were produced in reciprocal crosses between eastern and Egyptian weevils. The cross between western males and females of eastern or Egyptian strains was incompatible, producing infertile eggs, while the reciprocal cross yielded viable progeny but with a distorted sex ratio, predominantly female. The cause of incompatibility is due to the presence in the western weevil of a rickettsia, which is transmitted through the female parent. Of eight weevil populations surveyed, only the western weevil and a weevil population from the Netherlands harbored the rickettsiae. We conclude that all alfalfa weevil populations in the United States belong to the same species, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), and that they are potentially interbreeding populations.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188204

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Neurosecretory cells in the central nervous system of the adult blowfly Phormia regina meigen (diptera: Calliphoridae)This investigation was supported in part by a Public Health Service Research Career Award 5-K6-GM-18,495--01 through 03 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, and by Public Health Service Research grant Al-00533 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, both made to G.F. (1966)

Hsiao, Catherine ; Fraenkel, G.

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Morphology 119 (1966), S. 21-37

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ISSN: 0362-2525

Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: 1Neurosecretary cells in the central nervous system of the adult blowfly, Phormia regina Meig., have been examined histologically using the parparaldehyde-fuchsin and Gomori's staining method. Six groups of the neurosecretory cells occur in each hemisphere of the brain, the medial, frontal, lateral A, lateral B, posterior I and posterior II groups. In the subesophageal ganglion, four B-cells and two A-cells are present. In the thoracico-abdominal ganglion, ten A-cells are found in the thoracic region and a total of about 50 A- and B-cells in the hind part of the abdominal region.2A comparison with the neurosecretory system of two other species of blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala Meig., Sarcophaga bullata Parker, and the housefly, Musca domestica L., showed similar arrangements and grouping.3Neurosecretory granules have been observed along the axons originating from the medial neurosecretory cells of the brain, and the thoracico-abdominal ganglion. The granules originating from the medial groups can be traced directly to the corpus cardiacum from which they move to the aorta, crop duct and cardia through axons.4There is with advancing age a gradual increase in the size of cell bodies and nuclei of the median neurosecretory cells in both females and males of Phormia regina, and also a decrease in stainable granules. This increase in size is dependent on nutrition, with no increase in water alone, a slight increase on sugar, and a maximum increase on sugar and liver. Corresponding increases in size occur in the ovaries in connection with feeding the same substances.

Additional Material: 2 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051190104

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IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 1431: The Economic Burden of Violence against Children in South Africa (2017)

Xiangming Fang; Xiaodong Zheng; Deborah Fry; Gary Ganz; Tabitha Casey; Celia Hsiao; Catherine Ward

MDPI Publishing

In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

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Publication Date: 2017-11-23

Description: IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 1431: The Economic Burden of Violence against Children in South Africa International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health doi: 10.3390/ijerph14111431 Authors: Xiangming Fang Xiaodong Zheng Deborah Fry Gary Ganz Tabitha Casey Celia Hsiao Catherine Ward The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic burden of violence against children in South Africa. We assembled summative estimates of lifetime prevalence, calculated the magnitude of associations with negative outcomes, and thereby estimated the economic burden of violence against children. According to our calculations, 2.3 million and 84,287 disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost in South Africa in 2015 were attributable to nonfatal and fatal violence against children, respectively. The estimated economic value of DALYs lost to violence against children (including both fatal and nonfatal) in South Africa in 2015 totalled ZAR173 billion (US $13.5 billion)—or 4.3% of South Africa’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2015. In addition, the reduced earnings attributable to childhood physical violence and emotional violence in South Africa in 2015 were ZAR25.2 billion (US $2.0 billion) and ZAR9.6 billion (US $750 million), respectively. In addition, South Africa spent ZAR1.6 billion (US $124 million) on child care and protection in fiscal year 2015/2016, many of which costs are directly related to violence against children. This study confirms the importance of prioritising violence against children as a key social and economic concern for South Africa’s future.

Print ISSN: 1661-7827

Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine