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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of genes homologous to the general stress-inducible gene gls24 in Enterococcus faecalis and Lactococcus lactis (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 206 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Three genes (Ef0604, ymgG, and ytgH) were identified as homologous to the gls24 gene (encoding the general stress protein Gls24) in Enterococcus faecalis V583 and Lactococcus lactis IL1403 genomes sequences, and therefore are part of the ‘gls24 family’. The other proteins encoded by the different surrounding genes in each of their respective operons are also highly similar. Our transcriptional analysis showed that Ef0604 and ymgG are not induced under the stress conditions tested. On the other hand, ytgH is induced at the onset of glucose starvation and by heat, ethanolic, osmotic, and CdCl2 stresses. The transcriptional start site of this operon was identified and the promoter region appears to contain an ‘extended −10 Box’. Moreover, the over-expression under several stress conditions of the YtgH protein observed on 2D gel electrophoresis confirms that it corresponds to a general stress protein in L. lactis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11015.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterisation of the diol dehydratase pdu operon of Lactobacillus collinoides (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 209 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The three genes (pduCDE) encoding the diol dehydratase of Lactobacillus collinoides were sequenced. They exhibited strong identities with the ddrABC and pduCDE genes of Klebsiella oxytoca and Salmonella enterica, respectively. These genes are part of a putative operon with at least four other genes. An eighth open reading frame was identified as homologous to the pocR gene (encoding the operon regulatory protein). Although the enzyme was detected in exponential growth phase, PduCDE activity was increased at the end of exponential phase in presence of 1,2-propanediol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11111.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between stress response towards bile salts, acid and heat treatment in Enterococcus faecalis (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 138 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Stress tolerance and cross-protection in Enterococcus faecalis ATCC19433 were examined after exposure to bile salts, acid or heat shock. Bile salts and heat adapted cells demonstrated induced homologous tolerance and cross-resistance. No cross-protection of heat adapted cells against acid stress is observed and pretreatment with bile salts even sensitized the cells to this challenge. Whole-cell protein extract analysis revealed that each treatment induced a battery of stress proteins. Some of these polypeptides are induced by more than one treatment. The greatest overlap is observed between bile salts and heat treatments. Eighteen stress proteins, including DnaK and GroEL, are common between these stresses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08133.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implication of hypR in the virulence and oxidative stress response of Enterococcus faecalis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 252 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: HypR has recently been described as the first transcriptional regulator involved in the oxidative stress response and in the intracellular survival of Enterococcus faecalis within macrophages. In order to characterize the HypR regulon, real-time quantitative RT-PCR experiments were performed. The expression of four genes involved in the oxidative stress response encoding catalase, glutathione reductase, and the two subunits of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase were down regulated in the hypR background under H2O2 condition. These findings show that HypR acts as a transcriptional activator, especially during oxidative stress. In addition, DNAse I footprinting assays allowed us to identify the HypR-protected DNA regions corresponding to the “HypR box” in the hypR promoter. Moreover, the effect of the hypR mutation on the virulence of E. faecalis was evaluated in comparison with the wild-type JH2–2 strain using a mouse peritonitis model. Our results revealed that HypR appears to be an important virulence factor in E. faecalis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.08.043
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UV-inducible proteins and UV-induced cross-protection against acid, ethanol, H2O2 or heat treatments in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 163 (1995), S. 329-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Lactococcus lactis ; UV-irradiation ; UV-inducible proteins ; RecA protein ; DnaK protein ; GroEL protein ; Cross-protection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between UV-irradiation-induced tolerance to different environmental stresses and change in protein synthesis was examined in Lactococcus lactis subsp lactis IL1403. The results showed that preirradiation of cultures of L. lactis subsp. lactis with UV254nm light led to increased tolerance of usually lethal challenges to acid (pH 4.0), ethanol (20%, v/v), H2O2 (15 mM), or heat (52° C). This suggests that there is an overlapping regulation between the UV-induced pathway and the other stress responses. Whole-cell protein extracts from UV-treated (100 J/m2) and untreated cultures were compared using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. At least 14 polypeptides were induced in response to damage after UV irradiation, which indicated an SOS-like response in this species. The RecA protein, however, seemed not to be significantly induced in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IL1403. Some of the UV-induced polypeptides overlaped with stress proteins induced by the other treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404205
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Starvation-Induced Multiresistance in Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 (1996)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 32 (1996), S. 264-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Compared with growing bacteria, carbohydrate-starved cells of Enterococcus faecalis show development of a multiresistance state against heat, H2O2, acid, and ethanol, but not against UV irradiation. The kinetics of acquisition of resistance is different according to the stress. Three hours of starvation provide maximal resistance against ethanol, while the tolerance to heat, H2O2, and acid increases progressively with the duration of starvation. Chloramphenicol treatment does not abolish the ethanol tolerance. Protein synthesis inhibition during the transitional growth phase and the first hours of starvation partially inhibit the acquisition of heat and oxidative resistances. Antibiotic treatment after 3 h of starvation does not affect the increase of these resistances. We suggest that synthesis of specific proteins revealed by 2-D gel analysis in the first 3 h of starvation, followed by a second mechanism related to protein degradation or alteration, is necessary for acquisition of maximal resistance towards heat and oxidative stresses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900048
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential Induction of the Chaperonin GroEL and the Co-Chaperonin GroES by Heat, Acid, and UV-Irradiation in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (1997)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 34 (1997), S. 23 -26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Microsequencing of a polypeptide with MW of 14.5 and pI of 5.0 induced by heat treatment at 42°C and 50°C in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis revealed that it corresponds to the co-chaperonin GroES. Quantitative analysis of analytical 2-D gels showed a relative induction of 12- and 11-fold after 30 min of heat adaptation at 42°C and 50°C, respectively. GroES is also induced by an acid shift from pH 7 to pH 5.5 and by UV254 nm-irradiation, with relative induction factors of 3.8 and 2.3, respectively. To our knowledge this is the first report showing induction of GroES by mild acid treatment. Contrasting to the relative induction of the groEL gene product, the second protein encoded by the groESL operon, GroES shows significantly higher induction under all stress situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900138
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sodium Hypochlorite Stress in Enterococcus faecalis: Influence of Antecedent Growth Conditions and Induced Proteins (1997)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 34 (1997), S. 284-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Compared with exponential growing bacteria, carbohydrate-starved cells of Enterococcus faecalis exhibit a high level of resistance to sodium hypochlorite with maximal resistance observed in cultures entering stationary phase. Chloramphenicol treatment, at various stages of growing phase, does not abolish the hypochlorite resistance of starved cells. However, Enterococcus faecalis conditioned by low sodium hypochlorite concentrations does not develop tolerance towards a lethal dose of the disinfectant. Two-dimensional gel analysis shows that protein synthesis is drastically turned off by hypochlorite treatment, whereas synthesis of a few proteins is enhanced by a low concentration of this chemical agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900183
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic features of the Streptococcus thermophilus heat shock response (1995)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 30 (1995), S. 87-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The heat shock response was investigated in the thermophilic acid bacterium Streptococcus thermophilus. The heat resistance (58°C, 30 min) of log-phase cells grown at 42°C was enhanced by pretreatment at 52°C for 15 or 30 min. Concurrently to this acquired thermotolerance, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis indicates that the cells induced the synthesis of at least 22 heat shock proteins after temperature upshift. Furthermore, following SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, and immunological analysis, six proteins were found to be antigenically related to the Escherichia coli heat shock proteins DnaK, DnaJ, GroEL, GrpE, and La and to the Bacillus subtilis σ43 factor Among these six proteins, two related to DnaK and GroEL, are clearly overexpressed during this stress. It is concluded that S. thermophilus possesses a heat shock response similar to that known to occur in mesophilic microorganisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294188
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial characterization of anrpoD-like gene oflactoccocus lactis subsp.lactis ML3 with a polymerase chain reaction-based approach (1993)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 27 (1993), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With degenerated oligonucleotide primers for conserved regions of bacterial sigma factor proteins, a 117-bp internal DNA fragment of anrpoD-like gene ofLactoccocus lactis subsp.lactis ML3 was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The DNA sequence of this PCR product was determined by cycle sequencing, and the deduced amino acid sequence of this internal fragment showed an extensive homology with the known sigma factor sequences from six other microorganisms and present a 13-amino acid region corresponding to the typical “RpoD box” of primary sigma factors. This PCR product was used as a probe to specifically detect sigma homologs inPediococcus acidilactici, Leuconostoc lactis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus thermophilus, andLactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris. These data are consistent with the existence of a high similarity between the primary sigma factors from diverse Gram-positive microorganisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575990
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