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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The incidence of barley yellow dwarf virus isolates in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in south-western Victoria (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 38 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) was detected in perennial ryegrass cultivars examined from three sites in south-western Victoria (Balmoral, Mininera and Hamilton); the frequency of BYDV infection varied with cultivar. PAV-related isolates were prevalent at all sites, but the incidence of MAV- and RPV-related isolates varied with the site and cultivar. The PAV-related isolate was less frequent in cv. Ellett than in cv. Victorian at all sites. The implications for the epidemiology of the disease and its agronomic importance in Victoria are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1989.tb02160.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf, stolon and root growth of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in response to irrigation with saline water (1994)
    Springer
    Irrigation science 15 (1994), S. 183-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1319
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of irrigation with water at salinity concentrations of 2.6 and 5.2 dS m−1 on the growth of pure swards of six cultivars of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) was examined over three irrigation seasons at Tatura, Victoria, Australia. After two irrigation seasons, soil EC e levels increased to 6 dS m−1 at 0–60 cm depth in the higher salinity treatment resulting in highly significant (p 〈 0.001) reductions in shoot dry matter production, flowering densities and petiole and stolon densities. These saline conditions also increased (p 〈0.001) concentrations of Cl and Na in the shoots and reduced (p 〈 0.001) leaf water potentials and canopy photosynthetic efficiency rates especially at high temperatures. In contrast, root growth increased at shallow depths (0–15 cm) under both saline irrigation treatments (p 〈0.001). Cultivars differed significantly in salt tolerance (p 〈 0.001), with cultivars Haifa and Irrigation exhibiting superior tolerance in terms of lower reductions in herbage yield (p 〈0.05) and petiole densities (p 〈0.001) during one irrigation season and lower concentrations of Na and Cl in the shoots (p 〈0.05) compared with the other four cultivars (Aran, Kopu, Pitau and Tamar). In addition, canopy photosynthetic efficiency rates (A *) in plots irrigated with water at 5.2 dS m−1 were higher in cultivar Haifa compared with cultivar Tamar (p 〈0.05). The salt tolerance ranking obtained for the six cultivars was in broad agreement with earlier greenhouse studies. Consequently, it appears that, while white clover is an extremely salt-sensitive species, it is possible to grow cultivars which display greater salt tolerance than other cultivars and which provide some scope to increase, or at least to maintain, pasture yields in areas where the soil salinity is low to moderate or where pumped saline groundwater is re-used for Irrigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00193686
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic relationships of Triticum tauschii, the D genome donor to hexaploid wheat (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 851-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Seed esterases ; D genome ; Isozymes ; T. tauschii ; Phyletic origin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Isoelectric focusing of seed esterase (Est-5) isozymes in 79 T. tauschii accessions from diverse sources revealed the presence of six different seed esterase phenotypes. In one of these phenotypes, exclusive to a var. meyeri accession (AUS 18989), no detectable enzymatic activity was observed. Segregation in crosses between T. tauschii (Dt) accessions confirmed three of the seed esterase phenotypes to be alleles of the designated Est-D t5 gene locus; the inheritance pattern of these isozymes was not affected by the subspecies differences between the parents. On the bases of variation in Est-5 and their Glu-1 and Gli-1 gene loci (in a previous study in this series), only three strangulata accessions showed consistent homology with their prevalent gene expression in the D genome of hexaploid wheat. The implications of these observations for further interpreting the phyletic nature of the D genome donor in natural hexaploid wheat synthesis are also reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268338
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genetics of adult-plant blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) resistance from Brassica juncea in B. napus (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 382-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetics ; Blacking resistance ; Brassica napus ; Brassica juncea ; Leptosphaeria maculans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genetic control of adult-plant blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) resistance in a Brassica napus line (579NO48-109-DG-1589), designated “R13” possessing Brassica juncea-like resistance (JR), was elucidated by the analysis of segregation ratios in F2 and F3 populations from a cross between “R13” and the highly blackleg-susceptible B. napus cultivar “Tower”. The F2 segregration ratios were bimodal, demonstrating that blackleg resistance in “R13” was controlled by major genes. Analysis of the segregation ratios for 13 F3 families indicated that blackleg resistance in these families was controlled by three nuclear genes, which exhibited a complex interaction. Randomly sampled plants of F3 progeny all had the normal diploid somatic chromosome number for B. napus. The similarities between the action of the three genes found in this study with those controlling blackleg resistance in B. juncea is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223683
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of virulence in Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et De Not., the cause of blackleg in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 301-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key wordsLeptosphaeria maculans  ;  Brassica napus  ; Blackleg  ;  Genetics  ;  Virulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genetic basis of virulence of 24 isolates of L. maculans collected from various sites throughout south-eastern and south-western Australia were studied using five clone-lines of B. napus. The experimental design allowed the estimation of the environmental and genetic components of variance using a standard analysis of variance. Virulence of these isolates (as measured by the percentage of stem girdling, %G) on the clone-lines NCII and Tap was found to be most likely controlled by a small number of genes; the broad-sense heritabilities were 79.7% and 67.5% for virulence on NCII and Tap, respectively. The significance of these results in relation to the potential of L. maculans in adapting to new resistant B. napus cultivars is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050281
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genetics of blackleg [Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces, et De Not.] resistance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 932-940 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetics ; Adult-plant ; Blackleg resistance ; Brassica napus ; Leptosphaeria maculans ; Australian cultivar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genetic control of adult-plant blackleg [Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et De Not.] resistance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) was studied in the F2 and first-backcross populations of the cross “Maluka” (blackleg-resistant) x “Niklas” (highly susceptible). A L. maculans isolate possessing high levels of host specificity (MB2) was used in all inoculations. Resistance/susceptibility was evaluated using three separate measures of crown-canker size, i.e. the percentage of crown girdled (%G), external lesion length (E) and internal lesion area (%II). Disease severity scores for the F2 and first-backcross populations based on E and %II gave discontinuous distributions, indicating major-gene control for these measures of resistance; but those for %G were continuous, indicating quantitative genetic control for this measure. Chi-square tests performed on the (poorly-defined) resistance classes, based on E, in the F2 and first-backcross populations indicated the likelihood for resistance being governed by a single, incompletely dominant major gene. Although the distributions of the F2 and first-backcross populations, based on%II, were clearly discontinuous, the observed segregation ratios for resistance and susceptibility did not fit any of the numerous Mendelian ratios which were considered. Differences in inheritance of resistance according to the assessment method and blackleg isolate used, were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224096
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The genetics of blackleg [Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et De Not.] resistance in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 941-949 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Quantitative genetics ; North Carolina mating design II ; Adult plant ; Blackleg resistance ; Brassica napus ; Leptosphaeria maculans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Inheritance studies of seedling and adult-plant resistance to blackleg [Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et De Not.] in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) were conducted using 49 families derived by intercrosses between 14 randomly chosen F2 plants from the cross cv “Maluka”(resistant) cv “Niklas” (susceptible), conforming to the North Carolina mating design II (NCM-II). Four concurrent experiments were performed, where plants from each family were: (I) Spray inoculated with a 105 pycnidiospores/ml suspension 10 days after germination and assessed 2-weeks later for cotyledon-lesion development, (II) As for (I), but assessed 12 weeks after inoculation for crown-canker development, (III) Wound-inoculated on the stems at growth stage 2.4–2.5 on the Harper and Berkenkamp scale and assessed for crown-canker development 5 weeks after inoculation, and (IV) Spray inoculated at growth stage 2.3–2.4 with a 105 pycnidiospores/ml suspension and assessed for crown-canker development nine weeks after inoculation. A L. maculans isolate possessing high levels of host specificity (MB2) was used in all inoculations. Seedling resistance was evaluated using a 0–5 cotyledon-lesion severity scale. Adult-plant resistance/susceptibility was evaluated using three separate measures of crown-canker size, i.e. the percentage of crown girdled (%G), external lesion length (E) and internal lesion area (%II). Quantitative genetic analysis of blackleg resistance using the NCM-II design revealed significant non-additive genetic variances for all measures of disease severity, in all four experiments, indicating the presence of strong dominance/epistasis at loci controlling blackleg resistance. The resistance to crown-canker development, after wound-inoculation of the stem, was found to possess the highest ratio of additive to non-additive genetic variance. Crown-canker development in mature plants of the NCM-II population was not related to the degree of cotyledon-lesion development at the seedling stage, indicating the limited value of the cotyledon test in screening for adult-plant blackleg resistance. The implications of these findings to breeding for resistance to blackleg in rapeseed are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224097
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of virulence in Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et De Not., the cause of blackleg in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 93 (1996), S. 301-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Leptosphaeria maculans ; Brassica napus ; Blackleg ; Genetics ; Virulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genetic basis of virulence of 24 isolates of L. maculans collected from various sites throughout south-eastern and south-western Australia were studied using five clone-lines of B. napus. The experimental design allowed the estimation of the environmental and genetic components of variance using a standard analysis of variance. Virulence of these isolates (as measured by the percentage of stem girdling, %G) on the clonelines NCII and Tap was found to be most likely controlled by a small number of genes; the broad-sense heritabilities were 79.7% and 67.5% for virulence on NCII and Tap, respectively. The significance of these results in relation to the potential of L. maculans in adapting to new resistant B. napus cultivars is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223169
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of grain protein percentage in wheat (1975)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 46 (1975), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Diallel analysis techniques were used to study the genetic basis of grain protein percentage expression in wheat using eight wheats ranging from high to low in grain protein percentage and assumedly genetically diverse for this character. The F2 set of crosses exhibited strong genetic interaction for protein percentage attributable greatly to the general behaviour of Argentine IX, of high grain protein percentage, in combination with the other seven wheats. Removal of its interaction revealed additive genetic variance and moderately strong overdominance averaged over the crosses of the remaining seven parents. In the F3 and F4 generations grain protein content exhibited additive genetic variance with evidence of some non-allelic interaction in the F3. The F3 exhibited partial dominance in the inheritance of protein percentage while in the two F4 trials in different environments one exhibited a strong degree of average dominance and the other exhibited only a small degree of average dominance over all arrays. Close correspondence in the order of ranking of protein percentage of the lines (parents and hybrids) in the two F4 trials in two different environments, indicated a significant influence of genotype on the expression of this character in wheat. However, sharp differences in the nature of inheritance of high grain protein percentage between the two environments, whether by dominant or recessive genes, indicates the magnitude of the influence of the environment on its genetic expression in populations segregating for this character.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00281646
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of plant height in wheat (1974)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 45 (1974), S. 368-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Genetic studies of plant height were made of 8 wheats and the 28 crosses between them using the diallel method of analysis. The inheritance of plant height in a glasshouse-grown F1 diallel set in which vernalization and photoperiodic responses had been removed, indicated close to complete dominance in its expression. A similar F1 set of crosses in the field environment indicated non-allelic interaction in its expression, attributable mainly to the cultivar Chile 1B generally in its crosses with the other 7 wheats. Its removal gave close to complete average dominance in the inheritance of plant height. In the F2 generation in the field its inheritance was again subject to non-allelic interaction, attributed mainly to Chile 1B which, on removal, gave a situation of average partial dominance in height expression. Standardized deviations of Yr and (Wr + Vr) for plant height for the diallels indicated a resonably close association of tallness with dominance and shortness with recessiveness. Frequency distributions of plant height in the F1 and F2 of two crosses from the diallel confirmed certain findings of the diallel analysis. At least two groups of dominant genes were found to influence plant height expression in the crosses of the diallel ; this number must be regarded as a minimal estimate of the number of genes influencing plant height in wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00277678
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