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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of soil science 48 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This study focuses on the processes occurring during incorporation of inorganic nitrogen into humic substances. Therefore rye grass, wheat straw, beech saw dust, sulphonated lignin and organosolve lignin were incubated together with highly 15N-enriched ammonium sulphate in the laboratory for 600 days. Samples from the incubates were periodically analysed for weight loss, and carbon and nitrogen contents. The samples were also analysed by solid-state 13C- and 15N-CPMAS-NMR-spectroscopy to follow the turnover of the materials during incubation. Most of the detectable N-signals was assigned to amide - peptide structures. The remaining intensities could be ascribed to free and alkylated amino groups, and those on the low field side of the broad amide-peptide signal to indole, pyrrole and nucleotide derivatives. Abiotic reactions of ammonia with suitable precursors and the formation of pyridine, pyrazine or phenyloxazone derivatives were not observed. Signals from ammonia and nitrate occurred only at the end of the incubation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 112 (1990), S. 733-738 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 94 (1990), S. 142-147 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0890-8508
    Keywords: DNA probes ; Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli ; diarrhoea in Bangladeshi children under 2 years of age ; enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) ; enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Geoderma 58 (1993), S. 246-248 
    ISSN: 0016-7061
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 16 (1971), S. 141-146 
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Phytotron study ; Corn plants ; Denitrification ; 15N balance ; N2 flux by 15N method ; N2O flux by gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Containers filled with soil mixed with potassium nitrate highly enriched in 15N were planted with corn (Zea mays L.) and kept in a phytotron under controlled conditions for 79 days. Soil water content was normally maintained at exactly 60% water-holding capacity (−33 kPa), but it was increased several times to 85% (−5 kPa) for short periods to favour denitrification. The soil headspace was sealed from the phytotron atmosphere and aerated by a continuous stream of air. Nitrous oxide emission was measured by estimating the N2O concentration differences in the air entering and leaving the containers. Emission of N2 was estimated by mass spectroscopy from changes in the N2 composition in the temporarily enclosed soil headspace. Both methods were carefully checked for accuracy by different tests. At specific times during the experiment the distribution of 15N between plants and soil was determined and a 15N balance established. Emission of N gases peaked at times of increased water content and reached maxima of 149 and 142 μg N pot−1 day−1 for N2O and N2, respectively. While N losses of 5% ± 2% were indicated by the 15N balance, only 1.1% ± 0.3% loss from 2.7 g applied N was estimated from the N2O and N2 measurements after 79 days. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 30 (1989), S. 1225-1228 
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 8 (1985), S. 317-331 
    ISSN: 0165-2370
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Pseudomonas ; Nocardia ; Arthrobacter ; Soil Bacteria ; Chlorinated Benzenes ; Phenols and Cyclohexane Derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus Bodenproben verschiedener Herkunft (Acker-, Rasen- und Waldböden) ließen sich Nocardien und Pseudomonaden mit der Fähigkeit zum Abbau von Benzol und Phenol in geringer Zahl isolieren und anreichern. Die nur Phenol und Phenolcarbonsäuren verwertenden Organismen waren zahlreicher und umfaßten hauptsächlichArthrobacter-Arten. Es wurde untersucht, inwieweit diese Organismen auch chlorierte Aromaten und Cyclohexane abzubauen vermögen. Für die Abbauuntersuchungen wurden die Bakterien vorher auf Benzol- bzw. aufp-Hydroxybenzoesäure kultiviert und dann die zu untersuchenden Verbindungen zugesetzt. Diese Verbindungen waren durch14C-markiert, und ihre Abbauraten wurden aufgrund der14CO2-Freisetzung gemessen. Auf Benzol angezogene Pseudomonaden und Nocardien konnten neben Benzol und Phenol auch die einfach chlorierten Verbindungen rasch zu CO2 abbauen, die zwei- und dreifach chlorierten Verbindungen langsamer. Die chlorierten Benzole wurden besonders in höheren Konzentrationen in geringerem Maße abgebaut als die chlorierten Phenole, aber bei niedrigeren Konzentrationen stieg die Abbaurate und war etwa derjenigen der Phenole gleich. Dies ließ sich auf eine höhere Toxicität der Benzole zurückführen. Die phenolverwertendenArthrobacter-Arten konnten lediglich Phenol und die chlorierten Phenole abbauen. Benzoesäure und m-Chlorbenzoesäure wurden nur von den Pseudomonaden und Nocardien rasch zu CO2 abgebaut. Die Benzol verwertenden Pseudomonaden konnten CO2 auch aus γ-Hexachlorcyclohexan, etwas mehr aus γ-Pentachlorcyclohexen, aber nicht aus Cyclohexan freisetzen. Nach Vorkultur der Benzol verwertenden Pseudomonaden auf Glucose konnten sie die Aromaten ebenfalls abbauen, aber besonders die chlorierten Derivate im geringen Maß. Zum Vergleich mit den Bodenorganismen wurden Versuche mit Bodenproben durchgeführt. Sie zeigten, daß alle Verbindungen, die durch die isolierten Organismen abgebaut werden konnten, nach unterschiedlichen Induktionszeiten auch im Boden abgebaut wurden. Lediglich Cyclohexan, das durch die Benzol oder Phenol verwertenden Reinkulturen nicht verwertet werden konnte, wurde durch die Mischflora des Bodens goringfügig zu CO2 abgebaut.
    Notes: Abstract From soil samples of different origin (field, grassland and forest soils) small numbers ofNocardin andPseudomonas spec., able to utilize benzene and phenol could be isolated. Organisms which could only utilize phenol and phenolcarboxylic acids were more numerous and consisted mainly ofArthrobacter spec. It was tested to what extent these organisms could also utilize chlorinated aromatic and cyclohexane derivatives. For the degradation studies the bacteria were precultivated on benzene or p-hydroxybenzoic acid and then the compounds used were added. These compounds were labeled by14C and their degradation rates determined by measuring the14CO2 release.Pseudomonas andNocardia spec. precultivated on benzene could also degrade the chlorinated derivatives of benzene and phenol. The monochlorinated derivates were degraded more easily than the di- and trichlorinated derivates. The chlorinated benzenes, especially in higher concentrations, were less degraded than the chlorinated phenols, but with lower concentrations their degradation rates were about similar. This was due to a higher toxicity of the benzenes. The phenol utilizingArthrobacter spec. were only able to degrade phenol and the chlorinated phenols. Benzoic and m-chlorobenzoic acid were degraded to CO2 by thePseudomonas andNocardia spec. only. The benzene utilizing pseudomonads released more CO2 from γ-pentachlorocyclohexane than from γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, but none from cyclehexane. Upon precultivation of benzene utilizing pseudomonads in glucose, the aromatic compounds were also degraded, but especially the chlorinated derivatives to a lower extent. In comparison with these soil organisms in pure culture, experiments with soil samples showed a degradation of all compounds which were used by the isolated organisms after variable induction periods. Cyclohexane was degraded slowly to CO2 by the mixed soil flora in contrast to the benzene or phenol utilizing pure cultures.
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